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                <text>In 2018, India and Bhutan completed 50 years of their diplomatic relationships. For a large number of South Asian observers and commentators, the two countries are considered close to each other, however, there are areas of concern. One of them is India‟s investments in Bhutan‟s hydropower sector. There is a growing disillusionment among a section of the Bhutanese population over India‟s engagements in this sector. This paper looks at the relationships between the two countries and examines the concerns of Bhutanese against India. The author argues that Bhutan is a small but strategically important country for India whose concerns must be satisfactorily addressed by New Delhi.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 87-101</text>
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                <text>India-Bhutan Relationships: Cordial but Concerns Remain</text>
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                <text>The centre-of-gravity of world‘s economic power is shifting eastwards to the ‗Indo-Pacific‘, a maritime-configured macro-region that spans the maritime underbelly of Asia connecting the Indian and the western Pacific oceans. The security environment in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific are different; nonetheless, strong maritime security linkages emerging between the two oceans has led to the reincarnation of the concept of ‗Indo-Pacific‘. Since the turn of the 21st century, new maritime insecurities have taken root, including in terms of China‘s revisionist positions on the established maritime order. Notwithstanding the US response in the western Pacific and the recent articulation of its ‗Indo-Pacific‘ strategy, it is unclear how the regional countries and the major regional stakeholders willmanage to address the emerging maritime insecurities in the Indian Ocean, including in terms of China‘s expanding politico-military footprint. This paper attempts to examine the security environment and geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific in context of India‘s national security interests.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2181</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 71-86</text>
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                <text>Indo-Pacific Geopolitics</text>
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                <text>Maritime Security and Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific Region</text>
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                <text>Das, Pushpita</text>
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                <text>India‟s proximity to two of the world‟s largest producers of opium and synthetic drugs and its large pharmaceutical base has made the country not only a conduit but also a source for drug trafficking. This illegal movement of narcotics and drugs pose significant threats to national security: breach of security of the international borders and the country, money generated by the sale of drugs and narcotics are used for terror funding and criminal groups engaged in drug trafficking develop nexus with terror networks. The trends and patterns of drug trafficking in the country demonstrate that there has been a gradual shift from traditional/natural drugs towards synthetic drugs that are being trafficked and consumed in the country. The paper analyses the steps taken by the State to curb the process and its effectiveness so far.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2178</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-23</text>
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                <text>Drug-trafficking as a Non-traditional Security Threat: Emerging Trends and Responses</text>
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                <text>The National Unity Government, formed by the traditional rivals UNP and SLFP, was a good example of „cohabitation‟. However, things started falling apart in due course due to new political realignments. It reached a stage where President Sirisena joined hands with the previous President Rajapaksa to oust Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe resulting in about a two-month-long politico-constitutional crisis. With judicial intervention, the crisis got over, but not permanently; the polity looks polarised. The crisis has wide-ranging implications, both at domestic and international levels, especially for India-Sri Lanka relations. Unprecedented political situation that has arisen in Sri Lanka has at least two broad implications on India-Sri Lanka relations: the state of Indian infrastructure projects in Sri Lanka and the ethnic issue in the island nation. Keywords: Wickremasinghe, Sirisena,</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 133-149</text>
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                <text>Pangs of Proximity: Politico-Constitutional Crisis in Sri Lanka and its Implications on India-Sri Lanka Relations</text>
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                <text>T Jacob, Jabin</text>
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                <text>This essay examines three approaches in Chinese foreign and security policies at work in India‟s neighbourhood with the help of three brief case studies involving Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. The first looks at how China has engaged with Nepal through connectivity projects as part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The second case study looks at Chinese attention to Bhutan especially in the context of the Doklam conflict with Indian in mid-2017. The third and final case study describes Beijing‟s military diplomacy with Sri Lanka. These case studies provide an overview of the range of Chinese activities, approaches and interests in South Asia that New Delhi often has trouble appreciating or accepting. This article argues that accepting the reality of these Chinese approaches and understanding them are essential for India to rethink and reinvigorate its own neighbourhood policy.</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 117-132</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>Chinese Foreign Policy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9379">
                <text>South Asia</text>
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                <text>Infrastructure Development</text>
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                <text>Propaganda</text>
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                <text>China in India’s Neighbourhood: Connectivity, Political Messaging and Military Diplomacy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9344">
                <text>Surendra Kumar, S Y</text>
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                <text>Displacement due to war, protracted conflicts, mass violation of human rights, generalised violence, repression of minorities, natural and technological disasters has been a matter of concern. However, displacement due to the intensified armed conflicts and violence has become a common phenomena around the world and remains a critical factor of vulnerability for people across the world. Displacement also creates logistical and humanitarian nightmare, and threatens international security and risks the lives of displaced people, aid workers, and peacekeepers. In this context, the paper attempts to identity the reasons of initial neglect for the international community. Furthermore, the trends in conflict-induced displacement and the challenges confronting the international community in protection and prevention of conflict-induced IDPs is examined.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9353">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 57-69</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>Displacement</text>
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                <text>UNHCR</text>
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                <text>Sri Lanka</text>
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                <text>Conflict</text>
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                <text>Prevention of Conflict-Induced IDPs and Their Protection: The Challenges</text>
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                <text>Mayilvaganan, M</text>
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                <text>Generally people move either legally or illegally due to socioeconomic and environmental reasons like poverty, unemployment and climate change or in search of better opportunities like for work and education, apart from for the reasons of reunification with family members, or the fear of persecution by other ethnic and political groups. In India as per the census 2001 data the total number of migrants is 314 million. Out of these, migrants from Bangladesh are around 10-20 million, who are mostly undocumented and crossed the border illegally. Though the migration brings in positive contribution, but the illegal ones pose serious challenges to the receiving State. The paper focuses on illegal immigration from Bangladesh to India and its implications.</text>
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                <text>Illegal Migration and Strategic Challenges: A Case Study of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to India</text>
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                <text>S Ghosh, Partha</text>
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                <text>Among non-traditional threats to security, the problem of refugees is an important one. Because of political turmoil in several parts of the world, refugee flows are going beyond the capacity of the international system of handle. In South Asia, because of the ongoing conflict between two major nations, India and Pakistan, the issue assumes a serious dimension. We can understand this by studying the following two case studies: the Bangladesh war and the Afghan war. In both cases, the number of refugees was massive and in both cases, America was the principal external actor. But while in the case of Bengali refugees, the host state tried to take advantage of the situation for promoting its foreign policy goals, in the case of Afghan refugees, the host nation tried to use the situation to promote its foreign policy as well as domestic political goals. Although every host state had to face unforeseen consequences, in the long run, it underlines the relevance of the discourse of the refugee-security interface.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 43-55</text>
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                <text>Manoharan, N</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; iii-vi</text>
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