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                <text>Ghoshal, Debalina</text>
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                <text>Over the years, India has been able to acquire a credible minimum nuclear deterrence. In this, the Agni missile system is integral to India‟s counter second-strike capability especially against China. The Agni category missiles are solid propelled ballistic missiles, ranging from short range missiles to intermediate range missiles (700-5000kms) with road and rail mobility providing greater chances of survivability during an enemy attack. This strengthens its scope of launching a counter/second strike. This makes India one of the few countries in the world with the ability to potentially decapitate its enemy by preserving its arsenal in the first attack from the enemy. This article provides a deep analysis of India‟s Agni missile systems.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2006</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2006/1628</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 4 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 53-69</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>Agni missiles</text>
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                <text>nuclear deterrence</text>
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                <text>Inter-continental range</text>
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                <text>India’s Agni Missile Systems: Strengthening India’s Nuclear Deterrence</text>
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                <text>Kumar, A Vinod</text>
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                <text>The existence of a global nuclear order as a conglomeration of norms, regimes, and institutions seems to have brought equilibrium to the governance of the Atom. Yet, the „order‟ is dominated by the non-proliferation norm, which has curbed the spread of nuclear weapons though not their existence. The NPT, as the cornerstone treaty, to facilitate this process has faltered due to its incoherent conceptual framing and conflicting interpretations of its process and purpose. The goal of total elimination, however, has remained elusive. This article revisits the early struggles of nuclear norm construction through the perspective of an actor with multiple role identities such as a norm entrepreneur, crusader, and challenger.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2005</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.47.3</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2005/1627</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 4 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 35-52</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="8858">
                <text>nuclear order</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8859">
                <text>regime</text>
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                <text>stability</text>
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                <text>norm construction</text>
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                <text>Struggles of Norm Construction in the Global Nuclear Order: An Indian Perspective on the Formative Years</text>
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                <text>Misra, Sitakanta</text>
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                <text>The presence of nuclear weapons in North Korea has complicated the strategic scenario in North Asia in general and Korean peninsula in particular. Unless the perceived ‗security deficit‘ with North Korea, due to its nuclear weapons‘ programme is amicably addressed, especially by reducing America‘s dominant presence in the region, demanding North Korea‘s denuclearisation would be unrealistic. Thus, the nuclear imbroglio in Korean Peninsula would endure. The outcomes of the Korean crisis will have serious spillover effects on South and East Asia. As a ‗rising‘ super power, India needs to reflect on her role in the unfolding strategic scene in its extended neighbourhood. This article provides an analysis of the strategic condition India is in and the impact of intervening in nuclear issues involving Super Powers in South and East Asia.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2004</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.47.2</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2004/1626</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 4 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 17-34</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>Nuclear weapons</text>
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                <text>nucelar deterrence</text>
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                <text>nuclear proliferation</text>
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                <text>The Korean Nuclear Imbroglio: Can India be a Muted Spectator?</text>
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                <text>Sethi, Manpreet</text>
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                <text>This article analyses the three kinds of nuclear threats that India faces; Pakistan, China and nuclear terrorism. To counter Pakistan‟s nuclear threat against India‟s conventional military superiority, India‟s strategy has been assured retaliation in response to a „first use‟, irrespective of its yield or choice of target. Though, China‟s nuclear strategy is against the United States, it poses a considerable security threat to India. India has acquired a nuclear triad to be able to mount an effective second strike capability, reaching almost all the cities of China. To counter nuclear terrorism, India collaborates internationally to counter such challenges.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2003</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.47.1</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2003/1624</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 4 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-15</text>
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                <text>The paper examines postcolonial concerns arising in and through the science fiction, “Delhi,” by Vandana Singh as the author consciously deviates from generic conventions of the structures of Western science fiction. We argue that the protagonist in “Delhi” could be viewed as a postcolonial subject experiencing alienation and powerlessness. The character‟s postcolonial subjectivity is traced through Singh‟s manipulations of western science fiction tropes vis-à-vis time-travel, technology, dystopia, and narrative techniques. Using „abrogation‟ and „appropriation‟ (Ashcroft, Griffiths &amp;amp; Tiffin, 1989), and Ricoeur‟s Time and Narrative (1988), the paper analyses how postcolonial elements are foregrounded. It also examines the larger implications of engaging in a postcolonial reading of a science fiction text produced from a technologically developing Indian context.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 73-97</text>
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                <text>Indian science fiction</text>
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                <text>A History of the Future: Time-Travel, Technology, Dystopia, and Postcolonial Anxiety in Vandana Singh’s “Delhi”</text>
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                <text>Fairy tales have always been captivating for young readers. Since most of the fairy tales have their source in oral folktales, they highlight traditional gender roles and create stereotypes. As Maria Nikolajeva (2003) states, fairy tales reflect its own time and society. Evolution in readership has led to a change in these reflections. “Rapunzel” is one of the most iconic fairy tale characters and she is known for her long golden hair. Hair carries symbolic implications and is often associated with femininity, and exhibits how societal control influences how she/he wears their hair. By the transformation of her hair in the adaptations, the authors depict a change in the traditional gender roles. Rapunzel’s Revenge by Shannon and Dean Hale will be read as a counter-narrative to Grimm‟s “Rapunzel” to investigate the changes in the fairy tale genre and enable a reading of the changing hair symbolism in order to understand the change in gender roles and identity.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2001/1655</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8760">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 53-72</text>
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                <text>Reading Hair as a Symbol to Understand Changing Gender Roles in “Rapunzel” and Rapunzel’s Revenge</text>
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                <text>Mark Bonjour, Mini</text>
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                <text>This article aims to explore pedagogic spaces in autonomous institutions and the identities they enable. It situates this exploration in the undergraduate General English classrooms and works with the uses of differing printed-literary and audio-visual media. It also attempts to show how both writing as text and film as text have equal value in undergraduate classrooms. Films, it is proposed, can be more than supplementary/ complementary texts to the much more conventional written-printed ones. They can and ought to occupy an equally privileged position in the teaching-learning process because they provide possibilities for critical understanding and engagement inside the classroom space. It is also argued that films have serious academic and learning potential than is often presumed to be. The article employs for its analysis reports of reception of films within a pedagogic space from student-respondents. In the process of the analysis, the article seeks to construe how classrooms become pedagogic spaces for identity constructions. By way of conclusion, the article comments on the various ways in which films as texts shape critical thinking and self-critique.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2000</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.46.3</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2000/1654</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8736">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8737">
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 37-52</text>
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                <text>Film</text>
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                <text>Pedagogy</text>
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                <text>Pedagogic Spaces and Identities: Film as Text</text>
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                <text>Rassendren, Etienne</text>
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                <text>This article intends to investigate the conjuncture between the birth of an alphabet, the notion of space, the migration of people, the function of belief and religion and the formation of identities. It employs Ulfilas‘ biblical translation and his missioning attitude to comment on the project of Gothic conversion to Christianity and its attendant controversies, particularly that of Arianism. The article explores how spaces become cultural geographies and imbue geo-histories, specifically in the moment of Biblical translations and the travel of people. It also argues that language and spaces cannot escape the cultural-politics of nationality. At the end, it concludes by commenting of the contemporary relevance of the conjuncture above-mentioned.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1999</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.46.2</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1999/1653</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8712">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="8713">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8714">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 15-35</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8716">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Arianism</text>
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                <text>Identity</text>
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                <text>Spatiality</text>
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                <text>Gothic</text>
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                <text>Alphabet</text>
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                <text>‘Little Wolf’ and the Alphabet: Nationality and its Spaces</text>
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                  <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>P Chittampalli, Ravichandra</text>
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                <text>The paper looks at texts selected from the Anthology of Australian Aboriginal Literature edited by Anita Heiss and Peter Minter as well as poets chosen from the website Creative Spirits from Oodgeroo (Kath Walker) to Zelda Quakawoot to understand how gaze invents and reinvents people and their culture. The metaphor of the museum is used to question the Empire‟s attempt at erasing and archeologically reinventing ancient societies, while interrogating how dispossession leads to silencing of communities. The second part analytically delineates the evolution from a victim position to, consciousness raising, resistance, recovering and reconstruction of one‟s cultural heritage and voice. The third section of the paper conclusively argues how modern aboriginal poetry has attempted at non-choral, esoteric as well as representational identity formulations as a prelude to dehusking the valance of prejudice and civilisational arrogance, which continue to indent the First Citizen in cultural spaces.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8682">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1998</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8683">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.46.1</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8686">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1998/1652</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8687">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="8688">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8689">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-13</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8691">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Aboriginal</text>
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                <text>Colonisation</text>
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                <text>Empire</text>
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                <text>Historicisation</text>
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                <text>Poetry</text>
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                <text>Silence</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8698">
                <text>Historicising Silence: An Introduction to Australian Aboriginal Poetry</text>
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                  <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8654">
                <text>Antherjanam, Sindu</text>
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                <text>Art and literature are part as well as a reflection of life. Literature and arts help to observe and interpret the world. They can also change the world. Visual arts stand in the forefront of knowledge dissemination. However the significance accorded to literature has never been given to painting. The paper traces how literature has always preceded and given more priority against painting and other visual arts form in the region of Kerala. This also goes with the fact that in discussing the history of arts, rural arts and artists are never discussed sufficiently. This is despite the fact that there is always a closer relationship between alphabets, scripts and paintings of various forms. The paper traces this close relationship to the earlier times when the scripts and written forms essentially evolved from hand drawings and stone carvings in the context of the south Indian language Malayalam. That the scripts and alphabets essentially evolved from those early pictographs should be a useful background to understand the relationship. The paper also marks the historical transitions in the Malayalam alphabets and scripts under various influences.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8658">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1997</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8659">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.45.3</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8661">
                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1997/1646</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8663">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="8664">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8665">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 2 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 39-57</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8667">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Evolution of Malayalam Script</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8669">
                <text>Vamozhi and Varamozhi</text>
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                <text>Modernity and Malayalam</text>
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                <text>Arts and Malayalam scripts</text>
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                <text>Raja Ravi Varma</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>A Comparative Study of Malayalam Literature and Paintings: Trajectories of Evolution</text>
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