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                <text>Autism Spectrum Disorders are pervasive developmental disorders affecting many children today. Parenting a child with special needs, such as children with autism, is very taxing, as they need intensive and life-long intervention in diverse areas. This paper is an attempt to assess the need of those parents of children with autism and to develop an intervention programme to take care of the psychosocial issues. The study had two phases. In the first phase 120 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders were interviewed using a semi structured interview schedule and GHQ 28. In the second phase, an intervention module was prepared and implemented with 20 parents. The results show that the mean psychological distress was significantly higher for mothers compared to fathers. The scores on subscales show that mothers have higher level of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression compared to fathers. The pre and post analysis of the group intervention shows that there is a drop in the level of distress and increase in the awareness on child’s illness in parents after the group intervention. The findings show that addressing parental needs in a group setting can be very effective and beneficial in helping parents reduce their distress levels and hence making them better equipped to look after their child with a disability like autism.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2012): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 35-48</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 1 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; v-vii</text>
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                <text>Teaching reading is a complicated task as reading entails the simultaneous interaction of various component processes. Learning to read fluently is a crucial part of reading acquisition. Despite research conducted in L1 contexts regarding reading fluency, this area has been relatively unexplored in L2 contexts. In reading fluency research, Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) is an important construct which has been closely associated with the reading comprehension of young learners in L1 contexts. This paper aims to investigate the nature of the relationship between ORF and reading comprehension in ESL learners. If ORF proves to be significantly related to reading comprehension, it would be a valuable addition to reading instruction for ESL learners.</text>
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                <text>Exploring the Role of Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) in Reading Instruction: A Classroom-based Study with Engineering Students</text>
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                <text>The paper aims to review the previous literature conducted till date on knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) across the globe, focussing more on the studies from the Indian context. The review posits that the knowledge and awareness of Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes among the larger population needs attention. Additionally, knowledge of the risks and complications is low among participants. Significantly limited literature was available on antenatal women and on the provision of awareness programmes for such participants. The review concludes with the observation that the knowledge and awareness about DM and GDM has important implications for public health policies and specifically for the implementation of National Diabetes Prevention/Control Programmes.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 1 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 31-44</text>
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                <text>Gender Disparity is a universal phenomenon. The effect is more evident in an organisational setup. Two common forms of gender disparity are sticky floor effect and glass ceiling effect. Glass ceiling effect refers to the barriers that prevent women from progressing to the higher positions in the organisations. It can lead to differences in pay and may prevent women from climbing up the career ladder. The barriers may be psychological, social or organisational. The paper discusses the presence of glass ceiling across different cultures and its implications.</text>
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                <text>Glass Ceiling effect</text>
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                <text>In the employment market, hiring processes in the organisations are often considered to perpetuate gender equality. The discrimination prevails through implicit and in-group biases. During hiring decisions, marked gender differences in the hiring standards continue to exist for women and men. Counter balancing attempts, such as demonstrating agentic behaviour seem to have been unfavourable in receiving appreciations. Factors like „accumulation of advantage‟, „physical attractiveness‟ and so forth adds to the „threat‟ for the woman candidate. The article proposes that sustained and concrete processes need to be ensured that would defuse gender stereotyping, the latter being an outcome of the human tendency to carve the world into in-group and out-group. Two methods to neutralise gender biases while hiring are recommended in the concluding section.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 1 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 13-21</text>
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                <text>Gender Bias</text>
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                <text>Gender Biases and Discrimination while Hiring</text>
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                <text>Kukkaje, Mythri</text>
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                <text>Historically, researchers have studied violence against women through varied lines of enquiry. The literature on the understanding of the phenomenon of violence against women can be broadly classified into two categories: a) studies that examine distinct risk factors and b) studies that propose theoretical frameworks to explain the underlying process that leads to violence. The present study reviews the prominent factors and theories associated with violence against women with reference to perpetrators, specifically, men.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 1 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-12</text>
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                <text>Gender-violence</text>
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                <text>Murthy, Sushma V</text>
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                <text>P John Joseph Kennedy (Edr), Minority Discourses in India: Narrating Centres and Peripheries, Viva Books Private Limited, New Delhi, 2017, pp. 94, ISBN 978-81-309-3409-9</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2017): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 69-72</text>
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                <text>The use of emoticons in different forms such as text-based, computer-mediated and Instant Messaging services is ever increasing. Emoticons which evolved decades ago, was basically used to represent emotion. With the advent of technology, emoticons have been graphically/digitally transformed and evolved in the way people look and for what they are used for. With a wide array of emoticons at disposal, these emoticons are used for expressing emotions and also numerous activities and phrases. The usage of emoticons, their perception and interpretation varies from person to person. The study reveals that majority believe that emoticons make conversations more interactive, enhance online message communication and generate the required response from the receiver. The study also showed that over majority of the respondents look at both eye and mouth of emoticons for facial emotion recognition.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2017): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 49-68</text>
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                <text>Understanding Emoticons: Perception and Usage of Emoticons in WhatsApp</text>
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                <text>Nayak, Rajeshwari R</text>
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                <text>Television has altered the way news is constructed and delivered. Due to competition and TRP, television news channels are experimenting with different techniques to attract attention and reach audiences. Reconstruction with the help of graphics and animation along with docudramas has become quite common in various kinds of television programs. From hard to soft news story-telling television channels have adopted different patterns of visual construction to make an emotional appeal to the audience. Media theories have established the power of visual media in the common man’s life. The present study focuses on the trend related to visual reconstruction of reality in storytelling among Kannada channels. This qualitative study specifically evaluates the various techniques of visual construction, reasons for visual construction, program patterns which use these practices significantly and investigates the influence of visual construction in storytelling. The content of Kannada television programs is evaluated in order to gather primary data. The programs that use visual construction regularly and news items which depend on visual construction have been selected for analysis.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2017): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 39-47</text>
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                <text>Reconstruction and Presentation of Reality on Television: An Analytical Study of Kannada Channels</text>
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