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                <text>Lee, Da Yeun</text>
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                <text>The postcommunist countries were amongst the most fervent andcommitted adopters of neoliberal economic reforms. Not only did theymanage to overcome the anticipated domestic opposition to 'shocktherapy' and Washington Consensus reforms, but many fulfilled themembership requirements of the European Union and even adopted avant-garde neoliberal reforms like the flat tax and pension privatization.Neoliberalism in the postcommunist countries went farther and lastedlonger than expected, but why? Unlike pre-existing theories based ondomestic political-economic struggles, this book focuses on the imperativesof re-insertion into the international economy. Appel and Orenstein showhow countries engaged in 'competitive signaling', enacting reforms in orderto attract foreign investment. This signaling process explains the enduranceand intensification of neoliberal reform in these countries for almost twodecades, from 1989–2008, and its decline thereafter, when inflows of capitalinto the region suddenly dried up. This book will interest students ofpolitical economy and Eastern European and Eurasian politics.</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2019); 69-72</text>
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                <text>Hilary Appel and Mitchell A. Orenstein: From Triumph to Crisis: Neoliberal Economic Reform in Postcommunist Countries</text>
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                <text>Buroňová, Zuzana</text>
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                <text>Foreign and security policy have long been removed from the politicalpressures that influence other areas of policymaking. This has led to atendency to separate the analytical levels of the individual and thecollective. Using Lacanian theory, which views the subject as ontologicallyincomplete and desiring a perfect identity which is realised in fantasies, ornarrative scenarios, this book shows that the making of foreign policy is amuch more complex process. Emotions and affect play an important role,even where ‘hard’ security issues, such as the use of military force, areconcerned. Eberle constructs a new theoretical framework for analysingforeign policy by capturing the interweaving of both discursive and affectiveaspects in policymaking. He uses this framework to explain Germany’s oftencontradictory foreign policy towards the Iraq crisis of 2002/2003, and theemotional, even existential, public debate that accompanied it. This bookadds to ongoing theoretical debates in International Political Sociology andCritical Security Studies and will be required reading for all scholars workingin these areas.</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2019); 66-68</text>
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                <text>Schmiedl, Martin</text>
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                <text>The Sahel region currently faces various social, political, security, and environmental issues. However, the scientific and media discourse tends to oversimplify the underlying causes of these issues. While some authors attribute them to the heavy impact of climate change-induced scarcity, others focus on political factors such as bad governance. This article aims to merge the perspectives of Environmental Security and Political Ecology into one framework to provide a more holistic explanation of the problems in the Sahel. It shows how local political inequalities, marginalization, economic problems, military coups, corruption, and climate change mutually intersect in a mechanism that creates conflicts and insecurity. This is exacerbated by the geographical character of the Sahel states and their type of governance, which provides an operational space for many armed groups. By understanding the intersection of these conditions, the article contributes to the empirical understanding of the mechanism of conflicts in the Sahel and better conceptualizes the relationship between scarcity, climate change, and conflict.</text>
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                <text>https://cjir.iir.cz/index.php/cjir/article/view/116</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2023 Czech Journal of International Relations</text>
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                <text>On Current Armed Insurgencies in the Sahel and the Role of Climate Change: Merging Political Ecology and Environmental Security</text>
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                <text>The adoption of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 onwomen, peace and security (WPS) in 2000 has prompted the developmentof an extensive WPS scholarship within the field of feminist InternationalRelations. The dynamic scholarly debate is characterised by certain tensionsbetween two feminist groups – the radical revolutionary one whichadvocates a redefinition of the global order and is more sceptical of theagenda, and the pragmatist one accentuating the compromise towards theexisting peace and security governance. This article explores the two mainsubjects of the WPS research – the discourse and implementation, as theyhave been informed by the revolutionary and pragmatist approaches. Thearticle shows that while the academic inquiries into the WPS discoursereveal disappointment with the compromises made regarding therevolutionary vision, this disappointment is also present in the literature onimplementation. The latter literature nonetheless acknowledges feministpragmatism as a way forward given the realities on the ground.</text>
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                <text>The Women, Peace and Security Agenda: The Unfinished Story of Feminist Revolution versus Compromise in Global Politics</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2019); 27-46</text>
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                <text>Making Europe Defend Again: The Relaunch of European Defense Cooperation from a Neoclassical Realist Perspective</text>
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                <text>Current research on motivational sources of military interventions in civilwars frequently assumes that states intervene due to direct interests in thecivil war country. However, this study argues that there exists a subset ofinterventions in which weaker powers intervene on behalf of interestswhich great powers hold vis-à-vis the civil war country. Using the logic ofprincipal-agent theory in combination with arms trade data allows one toidentify 14 civil wars which experienced the phenomenon of indirectmilitary interventions. This type of intervention features a weaker powerproviding troops for combat missions, whereas its major arms supplier isonly involved with indirect military support. The analysis is complementedwith two brief case studies on the Moroccan intervention in Zaire (1977) andthe Ugandan intervention in the Central African Republic (2009). Both casestudies corroborate expectations as deduced from the proxy interventionframework.</text>
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                <text>https://cjir.iir.cz/index.php/cjir/article/view/109</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2019); 5-26</text>
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                <text>Indirect Interventions in Civil Wars: The Use of States as Proxies in Military Interventions</text>
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                <text>The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly reshaped debates on the globalorder, democratic politics and the liberal mode of governing societies. Somehave compared the virus to the “ultimate empty signifier”, which alloweddifficult ideological groups to fill it with their own securitizations, creating inan instant a plethora of political otherings. For IR realists, the suddencollapse of cross-border movement and other privileges of the globalizedliberal elite came as a vindication of their long-cherished argument: thenation state remains the key actor in international politics, and the post-national world had largely been a utopian liberal illusion. Right-wingnationalist populists have been saying the same thing but in a differentlanguage and were apt to make COVID-19 instrumental to their purposes.Thus, Viktor Orbán quickly linked it to the agenda of migration and used thestate of exception as a pretext to further limit the democratic process inHungary. However, as students of populism have also stressed, the populistresponse to the pandemic has been far from uniform. In a yet broaderperspective, while some democratic governments enacted draconianmeasures in response to the pandemic, suspending basic individualfreedoms, some dictatorships like Belarus experienced a sudden “flow ofliberalism“, refusing to cut down on both economic activity and cross-border movement. This special issue focuses on comparing the liberal andilliberal reactions (both domestic and international) to the pandemic,looking into how it has affected the democratic and non-democratic formsof governance; examining where the responses have been similar oroverlapping, i.e. where COVID-19 has practically blurred or erased theborder between liberal and illiberal politics; looking into how different typesof regimes and political groupings have borrowed new elements and stylesof politics, e.g. in which circumstances populist or autocratic politicianssuddenly seemed more liberal than their liberal and democraticcounterparts; and investigating the ramifications of these changes for theliberal components of the globalized international order.</text>
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                <text>https://cjir.iir.cz/index.php/cjir/article/view/107</text>
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