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                <text>Woźniak, Michał</text>
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                <text>War in Ukraine and the Russian annexation of Crimea are the events that changed the US policy towards Russia. The events in Ukraine forced the United States to take a closer look at Eastern and Central Europe. The United States’ policy during the Ukrainian crisis has been limited to sanctions and strong statements so far because in Ukraine there is an asymmetry of interests. Ukraine is much more important to Russia than to the United States. The United States may be willing to support the democratic and western aspiration of Ukrainians but will not risk a major conflict with Russia over it. However the crisis in Ukraine is not only about Ukraine or Russia. It is also about US credibility around the world. Both friends and foes are watching closely the American reaction to the situation. That is why the United States has increased its military presence in those NATO countries that share borders with Russia.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/1723</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Ukrainian Crisis (2014–2016); 87-102</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 18 Nr 2 (2016): International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 87-102</text>
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                <text>The Ukraine Crisis and Shift in us Foreign Policy</text>
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                <text>Rulski, Michał</text>
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                <text>Ukraine is the largest country that is included in European Neighborhood Policy. That is why the European Union should spotlight relations with this eastern partner, especially by foreign policy instruments like association agreement. The focus here is on the EU’s involvement in the Ukrainian crisis in period from Maidan revolution at the end of 2013, which was occasioned by the rejection of the association agreement with the EU by President Viktor Yanukovych, and to the presidential election in 2014. The main issue is to evaluate the EU’s scope to stabilize the political environment in the nearby neighborhood and eliminate threats, which are the results of war between Ukraine and Russia.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/1722</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/1722/1396</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Ukrainian Crisis (2014–2016); 63-86</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 18 Nr 2 (2016): International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 63-86</text>
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                <text>The European Union’s Activity in Regard to the Conflict in Ukraine Before the 2014 Presidential Election</text>
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                <text>Żurawski vel Grajewski, Przemysław</text>
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                <text>This article is devoted to the roots of the developments that have taken place in Ukraine since Autumn 2013 and up to the Russian invasion. It stresses the historical differences between Ukraine and Russia, presents the international milieu of Ukrainian independence in the years 1991–2013, and ends with a description of the nature of the Maidan revolution and the pan-European challenge created by the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The main thesis is that the struggle for Ukraine ends the post-Cold War epoch marked with an illusion of eternal peace in Europe and with the groundless hope for Russian imperialism to expire.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/1721</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/1721/1395</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Ukrainian Crisis (2014–2016); 41-61</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 18 Nr 2 (2016): International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 41-61</text>
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                <text>Ukraine</text>
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                <text>Ukraine 2014 – the End of the Second European Belle Époque</text>
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                <text>2016-12-30</text>
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                <text>Ukrainian lands in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have been in proximity of great geopolitical changes several times. During that time the Ukrainian nation – due to various factors – encountered a number of “windows of opportunity” for achieving the realization of dreams about independence and national sovereignty. The author identified in the period considered four “general moments,” of which two have been completed successfully. The first of these occurred in 1990–1991, when for the first time in modern history, Ukrainians managed to achieve a lasting and relatively stable independence. The second of the “moments” – still unresolved – are events that began in the late autumn of 2013. The process, called “Revolution of Dignity”, represents a new quality in the history of the Ukrainian nation, therefore, that the Ukrainians have to defend the status quo (independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty, etc.) but not to seek to achieve an independent being. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the ability of Ukrainians to achieve and maintain independence is largely a function of the relative power of the Russian state as measured with respect to the shape and quality of international relations.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Lodz University Press</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/1682/1394</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Ukrainian Crisis (2014–2016); 5-39</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68505">
                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 18 Nr 2 (2016): International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 5-39</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68506">
                <text>2300-8695</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68507">
                <text>1641-4233</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Ukraine</text>
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                <text>geopolitics</text>
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                <text>geostrategy</text>
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                <text>Maidan</text>
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                <text>war</text>
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                <text>security complex</text>
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                <text>Ukrainian Issues in Geopolitical Thought of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries</text>
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                  <text>Journal of International Affairs</text>
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                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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                <text>Pokharel, Surendra</text>
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                <text>This paper analyzes the core aspects of diplomatic salutations through the discussion of speeches used at international summits. Speeches by heads of states were chosen from two Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summits (1989, 2005), South Summit of Group 77 and China (2005), Islamic-American Summit (2017) and Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) Summit (2018). Examining the context of salutations from the summits mentioned above, this paper aims to provide some insight into the international diplomatic protocol of salutations as applied at international gatherings. Research findings suggest that most leaders use salutations in a way that reflects their position within the political and cultural systems of their respective countries.</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29094</text>
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                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64203">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29094/23589</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64204">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 MIRD, TU</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="64205">
                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020); 180-193</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64206">
                <text>2631-2158</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Diplomacy</text>
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                <text>Diplomatic Language</text>
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                <text>International Relations</text>
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                <text>Salutations</text>
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                <text>Diplomatic Language: An Analysis of Salutations from Speeches used in International Diplomacy</text>
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                  <text>Journal of International Affairs</text>
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                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64173">
                <text>Karki, Shweta</text>
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                <text>Dhungana, Sarashree</text>
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                <text>The study of power has been one of the main features of IR. While hard power remained at the forefront of the academic discourse for a long time, soft power emerged as an alternative to understand the complex interactions between states and how states employ different sources of non-coercive means to persuade global actors. Nye, in the late twentieth century, perpetrated the idea to indicate the shift from assertion to attraction. This research has focused on why soft power has been a more relevant device for certain states in the system that lack military might. The research has largely analyzed and described the various ways in which small states around the world have resorted to soft power in the face of the interdependent world order. It then has looked into the different ways through which Nepal as a small state can effectively examine its soft power sources, to garner influence in the global power structure and obtain its foreign policy objectives, keeping in mind that the soft power of any state is dependent of the resources that it has and is also able to mobilize.</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29092</text>
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                <text>10.3126/joia.v3i1.29092</text>
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                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64182">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29092/23588</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64183">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 MIRD, TU</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64184">
                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020); 162-179</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64185">
                <text>2631-2158</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>small states</text>
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                <text>soft power</text>
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                <text>Soft Power in International Relations: Opportunities for Small States like Nepal</text>
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                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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                <text>Economics</text>
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                <text>Pandey, Niha</text>
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                <text>Subedi, Binita</text>
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                <text>Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has imploded the international regime with much speculation and expectation. Primarily an economic move, BRI has its roots in infrastructure building around the less developed parts of the world in an attempt to increase connectivity and collaboration for trade among and between these states with all of them connected to Beijing. While BRI promises massive economic returns through connectivity, the question of environmental sustainability hangs in a balance. The situation is graver still for a country like Nepal that has been struggling for politico-economic as well as social stability. The dilemma discussed here is not only unique to Nepal, but reverberates through many developing and economically challenged nations around the world. The complexity of the situation becomes apparent not only because of environmental threats that loom large over the country, owing to mega infrastructure projects, but the lack of political as well as economic measures that need to be in place in order to assuage and counter the eminent threats through proper steps. All this requires further elaboration on how the Nepalese infrastructure sector and the BRI development model promise to address environmental sustainability. Nepal’s already constrained economy hangs in the dilemma following its decision to join the initiative.</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29091</text>
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                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29091/23587</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 MIRD, TU</text>
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                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020); 145-161</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64162">
                <text>2631-2158</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64163">
                <text>environment security</text>
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                <text>economic development</text>
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                <text>dilemma</text>
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                <text>infrastructure growth</text>
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                <text>national priority</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64168">
                <text>On The Crossroads of Economy and Environment: Nepal and BRI</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="63757">
                  <text>Journal of International Affairs</text>
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                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64127">
                <text>Meditation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64128">
                <text>Sharma, Netra P.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;The concept of 'peace' is defined and understood in various ways. Understanding peace as absence of violence is a limited vision. Peace encompasses happiness and harmony among living beings. In a wider understanding, peace is the nature and goal of every sentient being. Being peaceful is living in friendship with oneself and with every creature. Peace is indivisible but peril anywhere can be a threat to peace everywhere. Buddhism envisions peace as inner state of mental tranquility which spreads outward. Attaining a state of inner peace could be an inspiration to all. Buddha attained inner peace by the practice of meditation, which inspired him to work for world peace. In most of his teachings, Buddha has emphasized that the practice of vipassanā uproots mental defilements, which are, according to him, the causes of suffering and restlessness. Once a person overcomes suffering, he realizes inner peace. Inner peace projects itself outward, towards the family, friends and the larger society. This ensures peace and harmony in the outer world. Thus, world peace can be achieved through inner peace. This article presents the existing potential of this postulation based on Buddhist understanding. Buddha became a source of inspiration to all humanity as he attained peace of mind. This research talks about how mental defilements can be uprooted, how a person finds the peace of mind and how inner peace may lead towards world peace.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29089</text>
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                <text>10.3126/joia.v3i1.29089</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64135">
                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Relation</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64136">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29089/23586</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64137">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 MIRD, TU</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64138">
                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020); 132-144</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="64139">
                <text>2631-2158</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64140">
                <text>Inner peace</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64141">
                <text>world peace</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Buddhist Mediation</text>
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                <text>Suffering</text>
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                <text>Compassion</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64145">
                <text>From Inner Peace to World Peace: Buddhist Meditation in Practice</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="63757">
                  <text>Journal of International Affairs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="64215">
                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64105">
                <text>South Asia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64106">
                <text>Lama, Mahendra P.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64107">
                <text>2020-05-24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64108">
                <text>Of having immense regional capacity of 395,096 MW as of mid-2018, South Asia is gradually emerging as a fulcrum of electricity exchange and powers trading so, bilateral exchanges are occurring, as evident in the noteworthy Bhutan-India power flow of 1,410MW. India and Bangladesh have four historic power trading practices in place and the Power Purchase Agreement of 2014 between Nepal and India, these two countries exchange up to 350 MW of electricity. All these have triggered immense possibilities opening the scope for multilateral power flows. A huge jump from the present total cross-border trading of hardly 2500 MW is very possible. Nepal could potentially be the biggest beneficiary in this game. If harnessed steadily, its power could be sold across South and South East Asia, with wheeling facilities provided by Indian national grids. A Bangladesh–Bhutan–India trilateral hydroelectric power-generation agreement is likely to be signed soon. Energy secretaries of Bangladesh and Nepal have decided to develop hydropower projects in Nepal through government-to-government investment and then export the electricity thus produced to Bangladesh through the Indian transmission system Power trade would change the composition of the export baskets of power exporting countries and help them address their adverse balance of trade and balance of payment. Additional income from power export and an enhanced level of economic activity can be invested in social infrastructure.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64110">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29088</text>
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                <text>10.3126/joia.v3i1.29088</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64112">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64113">
                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64114">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29088/23585</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64115">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 MIRD, TU</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64116">
                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020); 119-131</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="64117">
                <text>2631-2158</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64118">
                <text>Power Trading</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64119">
                <text>South Asia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="64120">
                <text>Disparity</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64121">
                <text>Green Economy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64122">
                <text>Growth Quadrangle</text>
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          </element>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64123">
                <text>Power Trading in South Asia: Some Aspects of Benefits</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64124">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64125">
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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    <collection collectionId="45">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="63757">
                  <text>Journal of International Affairs</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="64215">
                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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                <text>Economics</text>
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                <text>Bashyal, Keshav</text>
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                <text>Migration to India of Nepali workers is a historical phenomenon. Due to 'open border' and multidimensional inter-linkages, migration for work persists to this day. The importance and challenges of the labour market for Nepali migrants in India are yet to be recognized and studied. This study examines the existing skill endowments of Nepali migrant workers and strategies to enhance their labour market outcomes in India. The Indian labour market is fragile. Recruitment neither follows a strict rule or process nor are any specific skills required. From this standpoint, the situation of Nepali migrant workers is not much different than India’s internal migrants. However, Nepali migrants are neither well documented nor properly recruited in the labour markets of India. Because of their low level of education and lack of skill, they are deprived of good job opportunities and their income is also low. Most of the Nepali migrants are not netted in by the social security scheme of India. This study suggests that education; training for skills and social security benefits can go a long way in improving the labour market outcomes of the Nepali migrants.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64087">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29087</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64088">
                <text>10.3126/joia.v3i1.29087</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64091">
                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/29087/23584</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64092">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 MIRD, TU</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="64093">
                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020); 103-118</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64094">
                <text>2631-2158</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64095">
                <text>Migration</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64096">
                <text>Nepal</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64097">
                <text>India</text>
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                <text>Skill endowment</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64099">
                <text>Labour Market</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="64100">
                <text>Remittances</text>
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