1 10 487 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of China Studies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KUIK, Cheng-Chwee LAI, Yew Meng ABDULLAH, Amy Azuan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-12-31 Description An account of the resource Pulau Layang-Layang (Swallow Reef) is central to Malaysia’s South China Sea policy. First, the “island” is the first of five features in the South China Sea occupied by Malaysia. Second, since 1983, by exercising exclusive and effective control over Layang Layang, Malaysia has displayed its sovereignty and jurisdiction over the area. Third, with a Malaysian naval station and airstrip, Layang-Layang is Malaysia’s most valuable strategic asset in the South China Sea. Drawing on archival materials and open sources, this paper traces Malaysia’s policy actions vis-à-vis Pulau Layang-Layang, before unpacking the features and factors underpinning the smaller state’s multipronged approaches towards the South China Sea disputes. We argue that Malaysia’s policies regarding Pulau Layang-Layang and the broader South China Sea issue have been and will continue to be driven by small-state pragmatism to balance national sovereignty and geopolitical reality amid the growing U.S.–China rivalry. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/IJCS/article/view/36495 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Institute of China Studies, Universiti Malaya Relation A related resource https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/IJCS/article/view/36495/14477 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHINA STUDIES Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHINA STUDIES; International Journal of China Studies Vol.12 No.2 December 2021; 189-222 2180-3250 Subject The topic of the resource Malaysia South China Sea Pulau Layang-Layang Sovereignty China Title A name given to the resource Pulau Layang-Layang in Malaysia’s South China Sea Policy: Sovereignty Meets Geopolitical Reality amid China–U.S. Rivalry Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fauzan, Fauzan Abdullah, Kamarulnizam Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-11-26 Description An account of the resource Natuna or better known as the Natuna Islands is one of the border areas in Indonesia that has complex problems. As a cluster of islands bordering Indonesia with Malaysia and Vietnam, the Natuna Islands are also located in the South China Sea region, which is a regional dispute hot spot in East Asia. This paper will discuss the concept of border security and border security issues in the waters of the Natuna Islands. In this paper, the authors argue that the problem of the Indonesian EEZ maritime boundary in the Natuna Islands territorial waters with Malaysia and Vietnam needs to be immediately resolved, because in addition to sovereignty, the precision of the EEZ boundary with neighboring countries will be related to the management of natural resources contained in the particular territorial waters. This condition is increasingly complicated when China with its nine-dashed line has raised problems of overlapping claims in the Natuna waters. In addition, the obscurity of maritime boundaries is used by certain parties to carry out illegal fishing in the maritime areas currently being disputed by the neighboring countries. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/736 10.33021/aegis.v3i2.736 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available President University Relation A related resource http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/736/517 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 2 (2019): March - August 2019 2548-4532 2541-1373 Title A name given to the resource Border Security Problems in the Waters of the Natuna Islands: Between National Boundaries and Illegal Fishing Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Czech Journal of International Relations Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Institute of International Relations Prague, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic Relation A related resource ISSN 2788-2985 eISSN 2788-2993 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Abrahamyan, Mira Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-12-01 Description An account of the resource This handbook offers a critical assessment of the African agenda for conflictprevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding; the challengesand opportunities facing Africa’s regional organisations in their effortstowards building sustainable peace on the continent; and the role ofexternal actors, including the United Nations, Britain, France, and SouthAsian troop-contributing countries. In so doing, it revisits the late AliMazrui’s concept of Pax Africana, calling on Africans to take responsibilityfor peace and security on their own continent. The creation of the AfricanUnion, in 2002, was an important step towards realising this ambition, andhas led to the development of a new continental architecture for morerobust conflict management. But, as the volume’s authors show, the questfor Pax Africana faces challenges. Combining thematic analyses and casestudies, this book will be of interest to both scholars and policymakersworking on peace, security, and governance issues in Africa. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cjir.iir.cz/index.php/cjir/article/view/124 10.32422/mv.1654 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Institute of International Relations Prague Relation A related resource https://cjir.iir.cz/index.php/cjir/article/view/124/101 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2019); 81-84 2788-2993 2788-2985 10.32422/mv.54.4 Title A name given to the resource Tony Karbo and Kudrat Virk (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa. Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion book review Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Studies - Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lodz University Press Relation A related resource ISSN: 1641-4233 e-ISSN: 2300-8695 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adamczyk, Arkadiusz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-07-21 Description An account of the resource The Polish-Hungarian relationship remains something extraordinary on a European scale. Although the consciousness of the societies of both nations is dominated by a positive perception of mutual relations, it was not a constant phenomenon in history. It was most intense when both countries resisted the domination of the Germanic element. Hungary was the first to lose its independence, succumbing to the Eastern factor. Also Poland shared the fate of Hungary, succumbing to pressure from both the east and the west. Historical experience of both countries showed the necessity to cooperate against threats coming from both directions. However, the conditions after 1886 were not conducive to the implementation of this assumption, although in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Poles and Hungarians had geopolitical visions defining the scale of possible transformations in Central Europe. The change came after the end of World War II. Regardless of the naturally existing discrepancies in the perception of one’s surroundings, in the 21st century it is difficult to indicate any Polish geopolitical concept that does not take into account the regional role of Hungary, or the Hungarian one that ignores the Republic of Poland. Stosunki polsko-węgierskie pozostają czymś niezwykłym na skalę europejską. Choć w świadomości społeczeństw obu narodów dominuje pozytywne postrzeganie wzajemnych relacji, nie było to zjawisko stale występujące w historii. Najintensywniej zachodziło, gdy oba kraje opierały się dominacji pierwiastka germańskiego. Węgry jako pierwsze utraciły niepodległość, ulegając naciskom ze Wschodu. Również Polska podzieliła los Węgier, ulegając presji zarówno ze Wschodu, jak i Zachodu. Doświadczenia historyczne obu krajów pokazały konieczność współdziałania wobec zagrożeń płynących z obu kierunków. Warunki po 1886 roku nie sprzyjały realizacji tego założenia, choć w XIX i XX wieku Polacy i Węgrzy snuli wizje geopolityczne określające skalę możliwych przemian w Europie Środkowej. Zmiana nastąpiła po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Niezależnie od naturalnie występujących rozbieżności w postrzeganiu własnego otoczenia, w XXI wieku trudno wskazać polską koncepcję geopolityczną, która nie uwzględnia regionalnej roli Węgier, czy też węgierską, ignorującą Rzeczpospolitą Polską. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf text/html Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/14022 10.18778/1641-4233.27.12 Language A language of the resource pol Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lodz University Press Relation A related resource https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/14022/13569 https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/14022/14234 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2021): Humankind in the Past, the Present and the Future; 195-214 International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 27 Nr 1 (2021): Człowiek w przeszłości, teraźniejszości i przyszłości; 195-214 2300-8695 1641-4233 Subject The topic of the resource Andrzej Sepkowski Poland Hungary Geopolitics Central Europe Intermarium Andrzej Sepkowski Polska Węgry geopolityka Europa Środkowa Intermarium Title A name given to the resource Geopolitics of Central European Solidarity Poles and Hungarians between History, Stereotype and Spatial and Political Issues Geopolityka środkowoeuropejskiej solidarności. Polacy i Węgrzy między historią, stereotypem a uwarunkowaniami przestrzenno-politycznymi Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of International Affairs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Nepal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adhikari, Dhruba Raj Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-07-31 Description An account of the resource Nepal is a small state situated in a geo-strategic location between two major powers—China and India, the former being a great state, and the latter a middle state. Nepal has asymmetric relations with both India and China in terms of national power. Nepalese psyche has been shaped by the very geostrategic situation since the time immemorial. However, Nepal as a modern state was born only in 1768, since then it has adopted different strategies for its survival according to the changes in international, regional and domestic power equations. During the initial phase (1768-1814), Nepal was called Gorkha empire and it had pursued a grand strategy of sub-regional hegemony while being mindful of the sensibilities of the big powers in the North and the South. Nepal made a transition from imperial grand strategy to small power diplomacy in 1816 when it was defeated in Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16). From 1848, when Jung Bahadur came to power, Nepal started to fully bandwagon with the British colonialists in India. After that, Nepal had followed strategies of ‘special relationship’ with its neighbors, non-alignment, balancing, balking, neutrality, equidistance, equiproximity and trilateral cooperation depending upon changes in domestic, and regional as well as international politics. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/22575 10.3126/joia.v2i1.22575 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU) Relation A related resource https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/22575/19215 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2018 MIRD, TU Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018); 43-74 2631-2158 Subject The topic of the resource Small State Major Powers Foreign Policy Equi-proximity Tri-lateral Cooperation Title A name given to the resource A Small State between Two Major Powers: Nepal’s Foreign Policy Since 1816 Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adriani, Isyana Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-08-02 Description An account of the resource Since President of China Xi Jinping introduced the mega infrastructure project Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in late 2013, many have doubted the real objective of the president, particularly since world leadership position has been vacant because US President Donald Trump still has no clear foreign policy on Asia Pacific. BRI, which aims to connect China to all continents in the world, has already had negative and positive impacts. One of which is Africa, where China has been helping the Trans-African Highway project, a project that has been planned since 1971. However, BRI has caused African countries’ debts to China to multiply, and it is not impossible that they will experience what Sri Lanka has already experienced: Beijing taking over their Hambantota Port. In Indonesia itself, there have been several BRI projects, such as the 142-km fast train that connects Bandung, West Java, to Jakarta, and Morowali Industrial Park in Central Sulawesi. However, despite BRI’s help with infrastructure many people are suspicious that Indonesia will fall into a “debt trap” like Sri Lanka and African countries already did. They are also worried about the ever-increasing number of Chinese workers to Indonesia, which threaten the availability of jobs for locals. On the other hand, Indonesia’s involvement in BRI shows that Indonesia is an important country to China, and this can be seen through many things, one of which is the growing number of Chinese universities having Indonesian language and culture sub-majors in the past seven years. This essay focuses on how these Indonesian language and culture sub-majors contribute to the success of BRI in China. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/730 10.33021/aegis.v3i1.730 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available President University Relation A related resource http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/730/443 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 1 (2018): September 2018 - February 2019 2548-4532 2541-1373 Title A name given to the resource Indonesian Sub-Majors at Chinese Universities and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aervitz, Irina Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-05-01 Description An account of the resource   This paper is an attempt to develop a critical reflection on the social, political, and economic transformation that Russia experienced in the last couple of decades. I argue that the continuity of elites in Russia is one of the major features of its transition. This paper attempts to illuminate the continuity of elites as a general trend by using the case study of the privatization process in Veliky Novgord, Russia. This project looks at privatization as an avenue or means of resource allocation by elites during the transition. The data were obtained from 16 structured and unstructured interviews conducted in Veliky Novgorod in the summer 2004 among the representatives of the business and political elites. This paper deals with one group of the nomenklatura elite – top enterprise managers. Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v1i1.158   Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2389 10.22215/cjers.v1i1.2389 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Centre for European Studies, Carleton University Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2005: RERA V1:1 Inaugural Issue (backfile abstracts) 2562-8429 10.22215/cjers.v1i1 Title A name given to the resource Elites in Transition: The Case of Privatization in Veliky Novgorod, Russia Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agastia, I Gusti Bagus Dharma Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-08-02 Description An account of the resource Situated in a highly dynamic region at the crossroads of the Pacific and Indian Ocean, Indonesia’s foreign policy has long been influenced by both international and domestic factors. In light of these changes, we firstly look at the development of Indonesia’s external environment. This discussion centres on the dynamics in the Indo-Pacific between the major powers, specifically their outlooks, approaches, and interests in the region. Next, we examine Indonesia’s domestic dynamics, particularly those related to the progress of the development of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In this section, we will discuss the process of naval modernization and an update of national political dynamics as the 2019 Presidential Elections loom closer. Finally, we examine the progress of Indonesia’s bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/727 10.33021/aegis.v3i1.727 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available President University Relation A related resource http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/727/442 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 1 (2018): September 2018 - February 2019 2548-4532 2541-1373 Title A name given to the resource Indonesia Foreign Policy Update: rough waves ahead in the Indo-Pacific Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agastia, I Gusti Bagus Dharma Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-01-12 Description An account of the resource From its inception, the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) has struggled to reconcile its relatively small capabilities with its large responsibilities. This paper argues that significant reforms need to be carried out in order to improve the overall capacity of the TNI-AL and build Indonesian naval power. The Global Maritime Fulcrum vision provides this opportunity, however, it must be sustained by the political leadership in the long term as developing naval power does not happen overnight. To that end, this paper discusses four chief problems that the TNI-AL continues to face today, namely (1) a lack of a comprehensive maritime outlook, (2) stringent budgetary conditions, (3) a continental-oriented command and control structure, and (4) “turf wars” between related agencies in the government. This paper also briefly contrasts and compares Indonesia’s experience with China’s experience with naval development under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping. Although both countries are arguably different from one another in one way or the other, this exercise serves to highlight three lessons that may be applicable for Indonesia in managing its naval development and understanding the complexity in building its naval power. These lessons include (1) a need for strong and sustained political will in developing naval power and (2) having a clear strategic objective for naval development, and (3) a significant amount of resources are required to build naval power. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/238 10.33021/aegis.v1i2.238 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available President University Relation A related resource http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/238/125 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2018 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 1, No 2 (2017): March - August 2017 2548-4532 2541-1373 Title A name given to the resource SMALL NAVY, BIG RESPONSIBILITIES: THE STRUGGLES OF BUILDING INDONESIA’S NAVAL POWER Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chinatowns in US 2020-2022 Ethnic Chineses in US Chinatowns who experienced racial discrimination Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Al Ayubi, M Solahudin Benedicta, Kalyana Almira Ramadhanti, Shafa Auli Az Zahra, Fatimah Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-11-30 Description An account of the resource Chinatown is a residential area inhabited by a group of ethnic Chinese. These settlements have been widely spread in various countries since hundreds of years ago and attracted the tourist all over the world. Nevertheless, the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic since 2019 has affected the existence of Chinatown as well as the increase of ethnical violence “Asian hates” in US. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implications COVID-19 toward the Chinatown and the rise of ethnical violence. Hence, the response of international cultural and social policy will be the framework in analyzing the phenomenon. This research uses descriptive-qualitative method that mostly collects secondary data such as books, journals, newspapers, magazines, news portals, articles, official websites, and so on. Through this method, the research found that the COVID-19 has significantly affected the rise of ethnical violence in most of the Chinatown in the US. However, the international cultural and social policy has responded that the COVID-19 is not only affecting the health sector yet also the social and cultural sector. The fact that cultural and social sector are vulnerable in pandemic situation should obtain the attention from various stakeholders including government and their policies. Furthermore, there are alternative strategies – cultural and social policy approach to prevent the increase number of ethnical violence occurred, especially for the future pandemic. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/3754 10.33021/aegis.v6i2.3754 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available President University Relation A related resource http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/3754/1358 http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/downloadSuppFile/3754/237 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2022 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 6, No 2 (2022) 2548-4532 2541-1373 Subject The topic of the resource hubungan internasional; social cultural policy; racial discrimination; covid-19 hubungan internasional; social cultural policy; racial discrimination; covid-19 Title A name given to the resource The Chinatown and The Rise of Ethnical Violence During Pandemic in the US: The Responses of International Cultural and Social Policy Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Descriptive-qualitative