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                <text>Editorial: The Need to Promote Indigenous Knowledge Systems</text>
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                <text>The ‘haves vs have-nots’ discourse has become a strongly grounded reality in our country with respect to access to education in the past two years. Digital divide persisting in the country is crucial evidence for this. National Sample Survey (2017-18), prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, reported that less than 15 percent of the rural Indian households have internet access whereas it is 42 percent among the urban households. The India Case Study by UNICEF 2021 reported that only 32 percent of rural and 54 percent of urban population of 12+ years have internet access. In fact, other than the role of infrastructure and geography in educational access, gender and class also plays a role. Reports also suggest that the divide between the marginalised and the privileged sections of the society has also widened, particularly in terms of their educational access.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2022): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; v - xi</text>
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                <text>Teaching Social Sciences for a Better Future</text>
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                <text>This article is a psycho-social musing regarding the importance of lipstick as an item of makeup at a time when its primary area of usage, the face, has been covered due to demands of health and safety as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. Being a musing, the article does not follow any strict methodology and has been written based only on certain day-to-today observations. By looking at the continued sale of lipsticks on online platforms and the ideas regarding its importance and usage as explicated by online beauty personalities, this paper tries to understand the importance of lipstick as a tool of women’s self-esteem, body image, self-confidence, emancipation, beautification as well as a symbol of consumerism in the current times when it cannot be flaunted due to the face masks. By using theories of feminism, especially post-structural feminism, consumerism and psychological theories such as those related to self-esteem and defence mechanism, the article has tried to put forward a psychosocial explanation of the use of lipsticks in the pandemic times.</text>
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                <text>Shortly after the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020, the South African government instituted a nationwide lockdown, in an effort to curb the spread of the disease. However, a critical part of this process was the policing of communities under lockdown. In various communities throughout South Africa afflicted by gang-related crime, while the lockdown initially had an impact on gang activities, this did not last long. Gang subcultures continued despite the lockdown measures, as well as the joint military and police operations to maintain order. This article focuses on the relevance of punitive approaches to addressing gang subcultures in South Africa, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 environment. It is based on research conducted by the authors in a gang-affected community in the city of Port Elizabeth (Gqeberha), located in the Nelson Mandela Bay metro, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The main argument is that punitive approaches are no longer effective (assuming they never were), and are certainly no longer relevant for addressing gang subcultures in the Covid-19 era.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022): Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>South Africa</text>
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                <text>Softening the ‘Iron Hand’: Re-Thinking Punitive Approaches to Addressing Gang Subcultures in South Africa</text>
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                <text>The following paper intends to employ and consider Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of Symbolic Violence as a theoretical avenue to examine and conceptualise the phenomenon of femicide. The primary goal here is to conduct a philosophical investigation into the gender-biased practice of femicide in order to eventually construct and exhibit the affinity between the generally deemed elementary-physical and the complementary-symbolic facet of this category of violence. To be precise, by categorically alluding to Bourdieu’s notion of habitus and field, the paper attempts to demonstrate how the issue of femicide is substantially embedded in the symbolic schema. I centrally argue for the importance of re-conceptualising femicide as a continuum of symbolic form of violence in order to demonstrate that femicide does not solely necessitate and imply the perceptible physical act of the killing of females, rather, it also involves symbolic connotations. I recognise and expostulate that these symbolic connotations denote the prevalence of unfair and unjust state of affairs and the fact that physical violence is an embodied manifestation of these mundane state of affairs. Towards the end, I show that if we comprehend femicide in view of both the elementary-physical and the complementary-symbolic constituents, we eventually ensue an analogue between them, thereby breaking the physical-symbolic dichotomy.Two fundamental questions that shall be addressed here are- “how can we re-conceptualise femicide by giving thematic consideration to the category of symbolic violence?” and secondly, “what does this re-conceptualisation channel about the long-established physical-symbolic dichotomy with regards to the phenomenon of femicide?”</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/3359</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2022): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 01 - 25</text>
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                <text>Conceptualising the Phenomenon of Femicide as an Embodiment of Symbolic Violence</text>
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                <text>“Nostalgia in marketing is a marketing strategy that brands use; they use themes or products from the past in their current marketing strategy to create a unique emotional feeling in customers.” (Jones, 2015) Nostalgia is a psychological phenomenon which many brands use by&amp;nbsp; aligning their products and/or services with their consumers’ positive memories of the past. This paper offers evidence that nostalgia marketing actually works through the context of two popular brands across the Indian subcontinent: Rasna and Tang. This paper also analyzes how various factors such as age, gender, and religious festivals impact nostalgia marketing. It investigates how nostalgia directly impacts consumers’ purchase behavior, their repurchase decisions, their loyalty, their trust towards the brands, and their product recommendations.
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/3316</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022): Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Nostalgia marketing</text>
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                <text>marketing</text>
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                <text>consumer culture</text>
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                <text>Nostalgic Consumers: A Study of the Impact of Nostalgia Marketing on the Consumers</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2022): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 27 - 42</text>
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                <text>This study assessed how entrepreneurship orientation influenced the loan repayment performance of the teachers from Morogoro and Mvomero SACCOS. It specifically looked at how innovation, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy influenced loan repayment performance. The study applied descriptive and explanatory designs and systematic sampling to select 96 borrowers for the survey. The data were collected using a questionnaire while the analysis was done using descriptive and regression analysis. The findings from the regression analysis indicate that competitive aggressiveness and autonomy positively and significantly influenced the loan repayment performance while innovation influenced the loan repayment performance negatively. The study also revealed that proactiveness and risk-taking did not influence loan repayment. It recommends the government to initiate the policies which will enforce the entrepreneurship training for SACCOS clients.</text>
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