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                <text>Dhami, Raenhha</text>
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                <text>Anand, Fiza</text>
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                <text>Swachh Bharat Abhiyan&amp;amp;nbsp;(a cleanliness campaign) was initiated in 2014 under the regime of the NDA government. As the name signifies, the term ‘Swachh' denotes cleanliness in Sanskrit. In its nascent stages, the program attempted to ameliorate waste management – most predominantly open defecation and efficient utilization of resources. With the primary motive of having a hygienic surrounding environment for its people, the government of India initiated sundry cleanliness drives under this campaign. However, the conceptualisation and formulation of plans is one aspect – the praxis, i.e., the practical implementation of these plans is another important consideration altogether, which is perhaps the primary concern for the Government of India – for, if there is an inability to acquire mass involvement and participation then there is an automatic implication of failure. By having a comprehensive understanding of the motivational factors and attitudinal characteristics that members of a given community harbor – it would be relatively efficient at gaining mass involvement. Consequently, by addressing those factors and formulating plans on the basis of such fundamental facets there could be an exponential rate of success for such programs. Adding on to the literature and knowledge, which pre-exists within this domain, the subsequent research can aid in the better understanding of social perceptual phenomena and the successful implementation of programs related to campaigns addressing such issues. The study undertaken had a sample size of 1000 respondents. The findings of the paper suggest that the cumulative assessment across the concerned thematic factors (political, social, environmental, and communicational) apropos the initiative indicate an effective social (r)evolution with respect to the perceptual notions of the sample population involved.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318588</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/liberalstudies/article/view/9</text>
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                <text>Pandit Deendayal Energy University</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 101-116</text>
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                <text>A Cleanliness Drive in India: Assessment on Its Psycho-Social Impact</text>
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                <text>Joshi, Pranshu</text>
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                <text>The political residue embedded in the consciousness of the people who are divided by the political lines nonetheless shares an undivided common history finds a voice in the poems of Akhil Katyal. The poems, in Akhil Katyal's How Many Countries does the Indus Cross, are infused with the politics of bygone days of the Indian subcontinent which unfailingly defines our present-day politics and dictates the lives of the people. With an engaging title, the poet critiques absurdly painted borders of the surfaced nations on the map of the Indian subcontinent in the twentieth century. Every country that Indus passes through has been witnessing ongoing unrest. These countries have been engulfed in territorial conflicts, regions in the course of Indus have witnessed suffering and fought a politicized dispute over the water of Indus. In spite of all, as the poet shows, irrevocable Indus, ironical as it seems, overruns the divided lands unifying the people in their experiences. Katyal's poems, interspersed with a thematic plethora, engage the readers with the stylistic appeal.&#13;
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3874189</text>
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                <text>Pandit Deendayal Energy University</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/liberalstudies/article/view/50/49</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, India</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): July-December 2019; 257-261</text>
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                <text>Akhil Katyal, How Many Countries Does the Indus Cross, (the (Great) Indian Poetry Collective, 2019)</text>
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                <text>Desai, Jay</text>
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                <text>The book under review is written by Alyssa Ayers who has been privy to the rise of India since liberalisation and opening up of the Indian economy. It is a well-written work consisting of eight chapters spread through three phases of ‘looking back', ‘transition', and ‘looking ahead.' It encompasses interesting facets of how India has come out of a morass of abject poverty and crisis of balance of payments to usher into an era of confidence, economic growth, stability, investment destination, and prospects of being called upon to sit on the global ‘high table'.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318667</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, India</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 151-155</text>
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                <text>Alyssa Ayers, Our TIME Has Come: How India is Making Its Place in the World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11227">
                <text>LSJ Editorial Team</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) did not discriminate against anyone based on their economy, political affiliation, power equation, or social strata. The virus has touched every continent and almost all countries and impacted entire humanity. Starting from the Wuhan city of central China from the middle of November 2019, it spread so Fast that by the time people realised its vulnerability it had already engulfed all. On 30 January 2020 it was termed as ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern' and on 11 March 2020, it was recognized as a ‘Pandemic'.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318193</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 5-6</text>
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                <text>Dave, Nigam</text>
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                <text>Edward Lorenz, a meteorology professor at MIT, had posed a question during the 139th meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1972): “Does the flap of a butterfly's wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?” He intended to mean that some complex dynamical systems exhibit unpredictable behaviors. These small variances in the initial conditions could have profound and widely divergent effects on the system's outcomes (Americanscientist.org). Subsequently, this came into popular culture as Chaos Theory or Butterfly effect which meant that ‘the cause and effect relationship of any occurrence cannot be precise and can have a far-reaching variable impact.' Here an attempt is made to understand the socio-economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic keeping in mind the framework of Chaos Theory.
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 7-14</text>
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                <text>A distinctive feature of the rise of the multipolar world order in the 21st century has been the proliferation of multilateral institutions. While the raison d'être of these institutions essentially remains elevating multilateral interests, as opposed to unilateral or even for that matter, bilateral interests, national interests continue to remain paramount. Even within multilateral institutions, states undertake various approaches to secure their own national interests over and above that of others. BRICS, a multilateral grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, in its conception is targeted towards reforming and filling up the space left by the West-dominated structures of global governance. However, the power asymmetry inherent among the BRICS members creates traction that the Chinese require to wield the kind of influence that should concern other members, and certainly India. The dilemma of balancing common interest and national interest within multilateral organisations like the BRICS will be an eminent feature of the varied and multiple interest sets that countries have in an interdependent world. While countries will still find purpose, in the membership of multilateral institutions, the challenge of managing power asymmetry within those organisations will mean that countries find leverage through their engagement with countries outside those groups. For China, the heavyweight within the group, BRICS has multiple purposes, one of them being the elevation of Chinese interests of opposing Western hegemony. However, for India, for which the grouping remains of pertinence (given its stress on addressing emerging and important global challenges such as those of economic development and sustainability) taking a position against the so-called dominance of the West or aligning itself with any particular country or group that stands in opposition to others is a dilemma.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318605</text>
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                <text>Pandit Deendayal Energy University</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 117-129</text>
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                <text>China and BRICS: Dealing with Power Asymmetry in a Multipolar World</text>
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                <text>The Indian economy was ranked as the 5th largest economy in 2019 (Myers, 2020). The country overtook France and Germany to secure the ranks of the top five largest economies of the world. On an optimistic note, it has been growing steadily at a growth rate above 5 percent in the 2009-2019 time period. However, the world ranking is expected to change owing to the external shocks imposed by the Novel Coronavirus to all economies of the world. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A novel coronavirus (CoV) is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans (WHO, 2020). The real impact of this disease has been studied by various scientists after it was declared as a pandemic in January 2020 by World Health Organization. Being a Fast-spreading infectious disease, COVID-19 has taken a serious toll on human health with countries reporting an alarming number of positive cases and consequent deaths within a short period of time. Ruling Governments of all the affected countries face a serious challenge of saving lives and the economy side by side. As the majority of the affected countries imposed lockdown and work-from-home options (except the essential services and industries), the economic activities.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318258</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 15-27</text>
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                <text>There is a popular mythological saying in India – Hey Raam tere liye sab samaan (Oh God Ram, for you all are equal). That is true for most of the disease when Tartaglia spoke that “disease does not discriminate”. This comes true in the case of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – a health hazard that, at the aggregate level, did not discriminate anyone – rich, poor, women, men, educated, uneducated, young, and old, urban and rural people. Even age is not the real factor, although in the beginning it was told that children below 10 years and elderly people above 65 years of age are comparatively more vulnerable. Anyone can get afflicted with the disease regardless of her/his nationality, profession, economic status, or family cohesion. I thought of researching it from the perception of social change. Nicholas (2020) correlates human civilisation with larger cities,exotic trade routes, and increased contact with different populations of people, animals, and ecosystems and says that the more likely pandemics would occur.
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 29-43</text>
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                <text>Human beings are complex systems and their illness may be caused by a multitude of factors, as just not a single factor such as a virus or bacterium. Health has to be seen not only from the medical model but must include the significant and integral aspects of human psychology. We cannot treat the mind and body as two entities. There is an assumption that 50 percent of mortality from the ten leading causes of death can be ascribed to behaviour. If this is so, then behaviour and lifestyle have a potentially major effect on longevity. Health psychology attempts to move away from a simple linear model of health and examines the combination of factors involved in illness – biological (e.g. a virus), psychological (e.g. behaviours, beliefs) and social (e.g. employment, socio-economic status, etc.). The biopsychosocial model of health and illness that was developed by Engel (1977, 1980) asserts and establishes this understanding.
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): July-December 2019; 169-183</text>
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                <text>The world at present is facing the worst global pandemic COVID-19. China's Wuhan emerged as the epicenter and as the virus spread across the world, it shattered world economies, imbalanced the fiscal markets, and led to a severe shortage of healthcare facilities. Countries have been scrambling for medical supplies and trying their level best to support supply chains as China being the hub of manufacturing, shut down the factories inevitably halting the global supply chain, which has made countries rethink their dependence on China. Chinese aggression in the South China Sea and the East China Sea and its build-up of artificial Islands used as military bases has at present started an anti-China sentiment. India and Japan have also been victims of Chinese aggression in the past and now again, due to the above-mentioned reasons; India and Japan have yet again come closer in this disastrous COVID-19 time. In this context, the article traces down the evolution of the relations between India and Japan and points out Chinese aggressiveness with respect to India and Japan and further, identifies the sectors of convergences in the post-COVID-19 period between the two nations.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318561</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 63-71</text>
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