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                <text>L’Open Access constituait déjà une réalité dans le domaine des sciences juridiques, même si les pratiques des chercheurs pouvaient être moins avancées que dans d’autres disciplines. La loi République numérique, adoptée en octobre 2016, introduit au bénéfice des chercheurs un nouveau droit au dépôt de leurs publications en archives ouvertes, qui peut contribuer à faire évoluer la situation dans le domaine juridique. Mais elle poursuit également l’ouverture en Open Data des données juridiques, notamment en ce qui concerne la jurisprudence. Les sciences juridiques se trouvent donc dans la situation originale où leur objet-même sera bientôt quasi-intégralement en Libre accès, ce qui peut favoriser leur cheminement vers l’Open Science (Science Ouverte).</text>
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                <text>In December 2010 the Council of the European Union adopted the conclusions on the European Case Law Identifier (ECLI). This paper examines the state of play regarding its implementation within the EU Member States and at European Courts. It also takes a closer look at the ECLI Search Engine which is now available on the European e-Justice portal and gives access to more than five million court decisions from twelve jurisdictions. But the ECLI Search Engine offers more than just a huge repository: it facilitates substantial and maybe even radical opportunities to further improve cross-border access to case law. Technology can be of help, but judiciaries have to contribute as well.   </text>
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                <text>In the Netherlands an infrastructure for collecting, linking and disseminating legal public data is gradually being created. One of the first end-user applications built on this infrastructure is the Law Pocket: a free app with which government officials, lawyers, students and citizens have the up-to-date legislation from the national and regional level always at hand. It gives access to more than 3,400 automatically updated law books, containing full texts and linked resources. The app also gives access to a growing number of manually composed books on specific topics, edited and annotated by specialised civil servants. The backgrounds of this linked data project are described, as well as the main components of the architecture and the functionalities of the Law Pocket. Also its use, future work and position on the legal information market are discussed</text>
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                <text>To globally share Japanese legal information, we translate the Outlines of Japanese statutes. These outlines are the official summaries of Japanese statutes and are useful to quickly understand their contents. In a previous statistical machine translation system for the outlines, we found that the training corpus consisted of both statutes and their outlines, including many long sentences that reduced the translation quality. To solve this problem, we shortened the length of sentences and focused on parenthesized expressions. In this paper, we propose a translation method that splits off parenthesized expressions from the sentences. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of our method.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)</text>
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                <text>Improvement of Translation Accuracy for the Outlines of Japanese Statutes by Splitting Parenthesized Expressions</text>
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                  <text>Cornell University</text>
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                <text>Takenaka, Yoichi</text>
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                <text>A similarity measure between statute books of local governments that can help reveal suggestive similarities is proposed. The regulations of a local government are stored in a statute book, and they are categorized in a layered structure. The layered structure can be described as an ordered tree in computer science, and we define the similarity of statute books as the tree edit distance between two trees. We have calculated the similarities among statute books of the 47 Japanese prefectures and plotted them on a plane using multi-dimensional scaling. The results visually indicate the relationships of similarities among them, and there are several outlier prefectures and clusters. This will help find local governments with similar regulations, which will facilitate the writing or revision of statutes, especially in small local governments, which are typically short staffed.</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/46</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/46/63</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)</text>
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                <text>2372-7152</text>
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                <text>statute book</text>
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                <text>Similarity Measure among Structures of Local Government Statute Books based on Tree Edit Distance</text>
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                <text>Masson, Marc Julien</text>
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                <text>Tahir, Ovais</text>
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                <text>This research seeks to assess the legal information needs of a variety of actors within Zambian civil society. We first determined the major ways in which civil society actors in Zambia, specifically civil society organisations, labour unions, and legal practitioners, access legal information. Secondly, we surveyed the limitations and barriers associated with these paths to accessing legal information. We found that the provision of openly accessible legal information relies on two factors: the ease of accessing legal information and the capacity of civil society to interpret and understand it. Major limitations to accessing and using publicly available legal information were found to be bureaucracy, financial costs, lack of legal knowledge, and the lack of computerisation and internet access. Major factors influencing the ability of civil society organizations to effectively use legal information were donor funding and capacity building services, as well as the use of paralegals.</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/45/61</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/45/84</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)</text>
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                <text>2372-7152</text>
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                <text>The Legal Information Needs of Civil Society in Zambia</text>
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