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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>D, Deepa</text>
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                <text>Jothi K R</text>
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                <text>Fog extends the cloud to be closer to the end devices so that it acts on IoT data within a millisecond. Almost 60% of data can be analyzed that is physically near to the IoT data. This proximity has various advantages, including reduced latency, which improves the user experience. However, because the distance to a fog service may vary as a user moves from one location to another, user mobility may restrict such benefits in practice. A fog service migration is based on a mitigation approach that allows the service to always be close enough to a user. Quality of Service is decreased because of the mobility of the user’s location.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Predicting the future location in advance improves the efficiency of service provisioning. In this work, a dynamic mobility model is proposed to find the user location in advance. This experiment was carried out by LuST mobility data set collected by Luxembourg Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) Traffic (LuST). This result is give better accuracy of location prediction up to 98.87% when compared with existing methods.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Jothi K R, Deepa</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 15 (2022); pp. 157-171</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Mobility</text>
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                <text>Location</text>
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                <text>Effective Mobility Identification in Mobile Fog Environment with the Internet of Things</text>
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                <text>M, Sobhana</text>
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                <text>India is an agricultural country, and farming is the most common occupation among Indians. Rice is a vital crop in the agricultural industry. Productivity has been declining for almost a decade. There are several causes for this, including fragmented land holdings, Indian farmer illiteracy, a lack of decision-making capacity in selecting excellent seeds, manure, and irrigational infrastructure. One of the major reasons for rice crop failure is due to malnutrition. Rice, maybe in particular, lacking in nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nutrient deficiency detection in crops is necessary to plan further actions to enhance yield. Most studies have relied on the use of transfer learning models for agricultural uses. Ensembling of different transfer learning techniques has the ability to greatly increase the predictive model’s performance. Five transfer learning architectures InceptionV3, Xception, VGG16, Resnet50, and MobileNet are all taken into account, and their different ensemble models are used to perform deficiency detection in rice plants. The mobile application was created as a user-friendly interface to assist farmers. The accurate diagnosis of these nutritional deficiencies and recommendation of fertilizer could aid farmers in providing correct plant intervention.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31497</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31497/11877</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Sobhana M, Raga Sindhuja Vallabhaneni, Tejaswi Vasireddy, Durgesh Polavarpu</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 16 (2022); pp. 100-112</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Ensemble Averaging</text>
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                <text>Inception V3</text>
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                <text>MobileNet</text>
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                <text>Transfer Learning.</text>
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                <text>Deep Ensemble Mobile Application for Recommendation of Fertilizer Based on Nutrient Deficiency in Rice Plants Using Transfer Learning Models</text>
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                <text>Liu, Xiao</text>
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                <text>Abu Samah, Norazrena</text>
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                <text>Md Salleh, Shaharuddin</text>
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                <text>Creative thinking skills play an important role in Business English writing, but university students are not creative enough due to the overemphasis of knowledge input in traditional Business English writing classroom in mainland China. To solve this problem, this study involves in the mobile learning environment as the medium. By encouraging students to practice various self-regulated learning strategies while studying the learning content designed under the guidance of Production-Oriented Approach via the mobile app Superstar, this study aims to develop a theoretical framework and consequently promote students’ creative thinking skills in Business English writing. Students reported increased self-regulated learning ability after the experiment. It is found that there is a significant positive relationship between online self-regulated learning and creative thinking and students’ creative thinking skills are significantly improved in post-test. Among all the nine self-regulated writing strategies, goal-oriented monitoring and evaluation, idea planning, and emotional control are the most important predictors of students’ creative thinking levels. &amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31477</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i15.31477</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31477/11817</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Xiao Liu, Norazrena Abu Samah, Shaharuddin Md Salleh</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 15 (2022); pp. 46-61</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Creative thinking</text>
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                <text>The  Impact of Using a Mobile App on Improving Students’ Creative Thinking in Business English Writing with Self-regulated Learning</text>
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                <text>Imtiaz, Humera</text>
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                <text>Mohd Suki, Norazah</text>
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                <text>Mobile travel apps have revolutionised the way people book flights, hotels, and excursions, as well as how travel firms contact clients. This study examines tourists’ perception of mobile travel apps engagement in Pakistan. A field intercept survey was distributed to 500 respondents approached at tourism sites with a high flow of tourists in Northern Pakistan. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and conﬁrmatory factor analysis (CFA) the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach using Smart-PLS 3.0 software. The EFA analysis by using the principal component method of extraction and the varimax method of rotation yielded five factors. Respondents heavily emphasize item TS2 “I am very satisfied with the mobile travel apps” of tourist satisfaction factor. Likewise, this item emerged as the most dominant in the CFA analysis, followed by item TS3 "I am happy with the mobile travel apps", and item TS4 "I am satisfied with the way mobile travel app organizes the trip". The findings are vital to advancing extant mobile travel apps engagement research, while also guiding their developers to better design mobile travel apps to boost tourists’ trust and satisfaction. Direction for further research is furnished.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 14 (2022); pp. 171-181</text>
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                <text>VANET ("vehicular ad hoc network") is a type of networks that consist of many vehicles acting as moving nodes. They are connected with other vehicles through an ad hoc wireless network so as to increase traffic security and provide relaxation to road users. Sending the messages to the final destination in VANETs is a challenging mission because of its relatively high mobility and dynamism. The clustering technique addresses such issues, as it gathers vehicles based upon several predefined metrics such us density, speed, and physical vehicles locations. Clustering in VANET is one of the controller techniques for dynamic form. In this paper, a new method is presented for clustering that suits the VANET environment with the purpose of improving the network cluster&amp;nbsp; stability. This method takes a number of parameters into consideration, such as the coverage area and speed to make the cluster structure comparatively stable. In addition, and advance is obtained in tems of the cluster-head selections algorithm, and the data exchange is improved through clusters.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49689">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Hawraa abd Al_kadum Hassan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 12 (2022); pp. 137-144</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>VANET, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, Clustering, Cluster Head, Cluster Member.</text>
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                <text>A Simulation Approach to Improve the VANETs Communication</text>
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                <text>Bratić, Diana</text>
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                <text>Stanić Loknar, Nikolina</text>
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                <text>Koren Ivančević, Tajana</text>
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                <text>According to the OpenType standard, variable font is a single font file which contains all style versions of one typeface family, as opposed to standard font families that use different files for each style version. Therefore, they are suitable for use on web because one file with all the necessary typeface styles is significantly smaller in size than classic families with multiple files. This shortens the font loading time, which enables wide range of typographical use on various devices. This paper investigates the readability of handwritten variable fonts in a responsible web environment on four screen sizes: extra small, small, medium, and large. Seven letter cuts were made from basic monoline handwritten font: thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold. This paper presents model of readability evaluation using the fuzzy logic based postprocessing method for segmentation values related to evaluation criteria. Linguistic variable’s values are used to rate readability level against each of the criteria i.e., attributes. Prototype of a variable handwritten fonts are tested in responsive web environment, using CSS technology. The results show that readability evaluation has measurable output because the score combine various numeral factors affecting the readability of particular letter cut.&amp;nbsp; Also, the results indicate that this type of font is not suitable for displays on extra small and medium screens such as mobile phones and tablets. That knowledge opens advanced possibilities to designers when designing for web because variable handwritten fonts are relatively simple, uniform and easily manageable. Using of proposed model in short time can show readability level of some font type on a new web.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31137</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31137/11407</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49669">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Diana Bratić, Nikolina Stanić Loknar, Tajana Koren Ivančević</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 11 (2022); pp. 121-135</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>handwritten variable font, screen size, responsive web, text readability, fuzzy logic</text>
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                <text>Readability Evaluation of Variable Handwritten Fonts on Different Screen Sizes Using Fuzzy Logic</text>
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                <text>Bratić, Diana</text>
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                <text>Stanić Loknar, Nikolina</text>
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                <text>Koren Ivančević, Tajana</text>
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                <text>Handwritten fonts are appealing to designers, but their application in web design can cause a readability problems. Different handwritten letter cuts in different font sizes are not equally readable on all screen types. The problem often occurs on extra small devices such as mobile phones. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the combination of the font type and appropriate font size that will ensure responsiveness and be readable on different devices, especially the small ones. For this purpose, a study of readability of monoline handwritten font in seven letter cuts (thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold) in several font sizes was conducted. Variable font was used because it contains all style versions of one typeface family, as opposed to standard font families that use different files for each style version. Also, variable font is suitable for use on web because one file with all the necessary typeface styles is significantly smaller in size than classic families with multiple files which shortens the font loading time. Furthermore, model of readability evaluation using the fuzzy logic based postprocessing method for segmentation values related to evaluation criteria is proposed. Prototype of a variable handwritten fonts are tested in responsive web environment, using CSS technology. The results show that handwritten font size readability evaluation has measurable output because the score combine various numeral factors affecting the readability of particular font size in several letter cuts.&amp;nbsp; Using of proposed model in short time can show readability level of some font type in some font size on a new responsive web suitable for different screen sizes, including extra small devices.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31135</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31135/11261</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Diana Bratić, Nikolina Stanić Loknar, Tajana Koren Ivančević</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 09 (2022); pp. 93-106</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>artificial intelligence, responsive web, mobile pohones, letter cut, variable font</text>
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                <text>Fuzzy Logic-Based Evaluation Model of Handwritten Font Sizes Readability on Extra Small Devices</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Numan, Haitham</text>
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                <text>Elareshi, Mokhtar</text>
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                <text>Atanasova, Dimitrinka</text>
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                <text>The Covid-19 outbreak spurred the adoption of eLearning in many countries around the world, but relatively little is known about students’ experience on the subject. This study examined university students’ knowledge and experience of face-to-face and emergency remote education in two well-known universities in Iraq. An online survey with random sampling approach was used, and a total of 323 respondents shared their learning experiences, satisfaction, preferences, and challenges using a remote learning system was analysed. The findings indicated that respondents were not able to cope with the remote teaching system in the short term, expressing somehow their negative experience with it overall. Given the instability situation in Iraq is hard to predict the successful outcomes of such system in the long term. Respondents’ preferences were still for a face-to-face education system, thus they highlighted the challenges for eLearning in Iraq, especially those related to improving the facilities e.g., Internet infrastructure and online system.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31127</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i18.31127</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49625">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haitham Numan, Mokhtar Elareshi, Dimitrinak Atanasova, Abdulkrim Ziani</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 18 (2022); pp. 162-173</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49628">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Covid-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49630">
                <text>emergency remote education</text>
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                <text>Iraq universities</text>
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                <text>eLearning</text>
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                <text>students’ perceptions</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Iraqi University Students’ Emergency Remote Learning Experiences During Covid-19</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49587">
                <text>S, Arockiaraj</text>
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                <text>Makkithaya, Krishnamoorthi</text>
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                <text>Hebbar N , Harishchandra</text>
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                <text>Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used for perceiving, monitoring, and controlling a wide range of applications. Owing to the small size of sensor nodes and limited power sources, energy saving is critical for ensuring network longevity. Protocols in different layers consume energy for their function. It is possible to significantly reduce energy usage by including energy-efficiency measures in the protocol design. Most protocols in the literature focus on the energy efficiency in individual layers. Recent studies have shown that cross-layer designs are more energy efficient than individual layer designs. Therefore, this study presents a cross-layer protocol design that combines network and data link layers to minimize energy consumption. This article proposes a novel "Quality of Service Based Cross-layer (QSCL) Protocol" by combining the IEEE 802.15.4-based MAC protocol and the LEACH-based routing protocol. The dynamic duty cycle of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol was modified based on the amount of data present in the node, which minimized the energy consumption of the data-transfer mechanism. The cluster head (CH) selection of the LEACH-based protocol was modified to consider the average residual energy (RE) of the nodes and their distance from the sink. This helps preserve the energy in the CH, thereby extending the network lifetime. Simulation studies demonstrated that the proposed QSCL outperformed the existing protocols by prolonging the network lifetime.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31111</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i20.31111</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31111/12159</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49598">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Arockiaraj S, Dr. Krishnamoorthi Makkithaya, Dr. Harishchandra Hebbar N</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 20 (2022); pp. 34-58</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49601">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49602">
                <text>Energy Efficiency</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49603">
                <text>Energy Consumption</text>
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                <text>Wireless Sensor Networks</text>
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                <text>MAC Layer</text>
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                <text>Cross Layer Design</text>
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                <text>Clustering</text>
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                <text>Quality of Service-Based Cross-Layer Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Hashim Abbas, Ali</text>
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                <text>Shakir Mansour , Hassnen</text>
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                <text>Hamza Al-Fatlawi, Aqeel</text>
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                <text>2022-07-26</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are mainly used in the intelligent transportation field for smart applications. VANETS received maximum concentration among the researchers in academic research. Providing traffic safety at the time of high mobility in the network is the major issue. Also, it consists of few general issues namely self-organization, link failure and speedy variation in topology. In order to address this issue, we developed a novel approach namely, Self-Adaptive Efficient Dynamic Multi-Hop Clustering (SA-EDMC) approach which is designed to reduce the delay and energy consumption in the VANETs that leads to increase the efficiency and overall Quality of Service (QoS) of the network. This approach is composed into four parts (1) network construction, (2) prime cluster head selection, (3) dynamic prime CH selection and (4) gateway creation. Network simulator is utilized to demonstrate the behavior of our SA-EDMC approach. The simulation evaluation exhibits that our proposed work achieved high packet delivery ratio, low delay and high throughput when compared with earlier research outputs like MCA-V2I and QMM-VANET. The comparative analysis expressed that performance of the proposed SA-EDMC is ~5% increase in packet delivery ratio, produced 300 to 500 kbps extra throughput compared with the earlier methods and delay is comparatively low.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31081</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i14.31081</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31081/11767</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49573">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Ali Abbas, MsC. Hassnen Shakir Mansour , Aqeel Hamza Al-fatlawi</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 14 (2022); pp. 136-151</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49576">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>ITS</text>
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                <text>Traffic Safety</text>
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                <text>Multi-hop Clustering</text>
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                <text>Dynamic Clustering</text>
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                <text>Quality of Service</text>
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                <text>VANETs</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Self-Adaptive Efficient Dynamic Multi-Hop Clustering (SA-EDMC) Approach for Improving VANET’s Performance</text>
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