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                <text>Alrikabi, Haider Th.Salim</text>
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                <text>Computational Thinking (CT) is very useful in the process of solving everyday problems for undergraduates. In terms of content, computational thinking involves solving problems, studying data patterns, deconstructing problems using algorithms and procedures, doing simulations, computer modeling, and reasoning about abstract things. However, there is a lack of studies dealing with it and its skills that can be developed and utilized in the field of information and technology used in learning and teaching. The descriptive research method was used, and a test research tool was prepared to measure the level of (CT) consisting of (24) items of the type of multiple-choice to measure the level of "CT". The research study group consists of (100) third-year students studying at the University of Baghdad in Computer Science within the scope of (2020-2021). The results are detailed.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi, Ban Hassan   Majeed, Lina Fouad  Jawad</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 10 (2022); pp. 244-252</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Computational Thinking (CT), University student, Smart Technologies, Online learning</text>
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                <text>Computational Thinking (CT) Among University Students</text>
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                <text>Brown, Karl</text>
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                <text>In order to provide secure communication between mobile nodes in a hostile environment, security has become a top priority. There are a variety of nontrivial difficulties to security design in mobile ad hoc networks because of its unique properties, such as open peer to peer network architecture and shared wireless medium. Building multi-layered security systems that provide broad coverage while still delivering optimal network performance makes perfect sense in light of these problems. Specifically, in this study, we address the basic issue of maintaining the multi-hop network connectivity between mobile nodes in a Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). There are a number of security concerns that need to be addressed in order to safeguard the multihop wireless channel's MANET connection and network layer activities when delivering packets. We go through these difficulties and possible solutions in this paper. Complete security solutions should cover both layers and include the prevention, detection and response aspects of the three components of the security system. Providing secure communication between mobile nodes in a hostile environment has become a top priority. For example, the open peer-to-peer architecture, shared wireless medium, resource limits, and high dynamic network topology of mobile ad hoc networks provide a variety of nontrivial security design difficulties. The work integrates the effectual approach with the integrity and performance aware implementation for the Mobile Adhoc Networks.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi; Karl   Brown</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 10 (2022); pp. 79-96</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, MANET Effectiveness, Performance in MANET</text>
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                <text>An Escalated Performance Aware Approach for Cumulative Effectiveness in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks</text>
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                <text>Resen, Mohammed S.</text>
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                <text>Laftah, Muna M.</text>
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                <text>Video copyright protection is the most generally acknowledged method of preventing data piracy. This paper proposes a blind video copyright protection technique based on the Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform (FWHT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Arnold Map. The proposed method chooses only frames with maximum and minimum energy features to host the watermark. It also exploits the advantages of both the fast Walsh Hadamard transform (FWHT) and discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) for watermark embedding. The Arnold map encrypts watermarks before the embedding process and decrypts watermarks after extraction. The results show that the proposed method can achieve a fast embedding time, good transparency, and robustness against various attacks.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/30039</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi; Mohammed S.  Resen, Muna M.  Laftah</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 10 (2022); pp. 163-175</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform (FWHT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Arnold Map</text>
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                <text>A Blind Video Copyright Protection Technique in Maximum and Minimum Energy Frames Based on The Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform (FWHT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Arnold Map</text>
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                <text>Al-Rami, Bandar</text>
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                <text>Alheeti, Khattab M. Ali</text>
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                <text>Aldosari, Waleed M.</text>
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                <text>Alshahrani, Saeed Matar</text>
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                <text>Al-Abrez, Shahad Mahdi</text>
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                <text>During the past decades, smart farming became one of the most important revolutions in the agriculture industry. Smart farming makes use of different communication technologies and modern information sciences for increasing the quality and quantity of the product. On the other hand, drones showed a major potential for enhancing imagery systems and remote sensing usage for many different applications such as crop classification, crop health monitoring, and weed management. In this paper, an intelligent method for classifying crops is proposed to use a transfer learning approach based on a number of drone images. Moreover, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is used as a classifier to improve efficiency for obtaining more accurate results in the training and testing phases. Various metrics are measured to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model such as accuracy rate of detection, error rate and confusing matrix. It is found to be proven from the experimental results that the proposed method presents more efficient results with an accuracy detection rate of 92.93%.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/30037</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi; Bandar  Al-Rami, Khattab M. Ali  Alheeti, Waleed M.  Aldosari, Saeed Matar  Alshahrani, Shahad Mahdi  Al-Abrez</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 09 (2022); pp. 164-174</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Crop classification, drone, transfer learning, smart farming</text>
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                <text>This research aims to combine assessment of creative and critical thinking in a mobile device context, to see its effect on the creative and critical thinking of students. Design-based research as the method was used to develop the assessment as learning. It is begun with the assessment model and android application development, also experiments in the end. Three assessment sessions are participated by 46 students. The analysis using Kruskal Wallis gains the result that there are significant differences in the creative thinking (Chi-square 18.245, Asymp. Sig 0.000) and the critical thinking (Chi-square 7.620. Asymp. Sig 0.022). A significant difference in creative thinking is seen since the second session, while the difference in critical thinking needs the time up to the third session.</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="48070">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Wahyu Ridhoni, Punaji Setyosari, Dedi Kuswandi, Saida Ulfa, Dahlia Janan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48071">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48072">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 15 (2022); pp. 16-29</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48073">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>creative thinking</text>
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                <text>critical thinking</text>
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                <text>mobile-based assessment</text>
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                <text>assessment as learning</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48078">
                <text>CC Thinker: Mobile-based Assessment to Train Creative and Critical Thinking in Students</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48038">
                <text>Jabbar, Mays Kareem</text>
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                <text>Trabelsi, Hafedh</text>
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                <text>The Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) represents a new future for dynamic information dissemination between societies. VANET has a wide range of applications in a variety of aspects, including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). VANET has some characteristics, like highly dynamic topology and intermittent connections. These characteristics lead to untrustworthy information transmission in VANET. Vehicle clustering is an efficient approach to improve the scalability of the network and connection reliability. The performance of the clustering is also affected by VANET characteristics. This article provides a comprehensive description of VANET clustering algorithms. The most notable clustering algorithms introduced between 1999 and 2021 are reviewed. A complete survey on clustering in VANETs is provided based upon the clustering process. The clustering process in most algorithms is explored in the aspects of CH selection metrics, cluster formation, and cluster maintenance. The clustering techniques based on some parameters like stability, convergence, overhead, and latency are compared. Some of the most common problems, as well as the approaches employed to solve them, are also discussed. Also, the performance parameters which evaluate the clustering approaches are summarized.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/29973</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48047">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/29973/11343</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="48048">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 mays kareem jabbar, Hafedh  Trabelsi</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="48049">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48050">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 10 (2022); pp. 25-48</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48051">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48052">
                <text>VANET, Clustering Algorithms, Performance Parameters</text>
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                <text>Clustering Review in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks:  Algorithms, Comparisons, Challenges and Solutions</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48011">
                <text>Echoukairi, Hassan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48012">
                <text>Idrissi, Abdellah</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48013">
                <text>Omary, Fouzia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48014">
                <text>2022-04-26</text>
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                <text>The operation time of LEACH protocol is divided into several frames. Each frame consists of a number of equal time slots where the selection of cluster heads and the re-establishment of clusters are periodic. Each member of the cluster exploits its own time slot to transmit the data, then it turns off its radio to reduce energy consumption. Here, the clusters generated are not uniformly distributed and the time slots of the dead member nodes are not allocated. We propose an improved version, which is based simultaneously on the integration of the clustering approach K-Means and the exploitation of the free time slot in favor of cluster head in the transmission phase. The results show that the proposed protocol allowed us to achieve increased throughput, improved reliability of the packet delivery ratio, low routing load and an effective reduction in energy consumption for low node density in WSNs.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/29863</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i08.29863</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48019">
                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48021">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/29863/11179</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48022">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Hassan ECHOUKAIRI, Pr A.Idrissi, Pr F.Omary</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48023">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="48024">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 08 (2022); pp. 165-181</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48025">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>wireless sensor networks</text>
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                <text>hierarchical protocols</text>
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                <text>leach</text>
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                <text>k-means</text>
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                <text>ns2.34</text>
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                <text>throughput</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="48034">
                <text>New Hierarchical Routing Protocol Based on K-Means Clustering with Exploiting Free Time Slot for Wireless Sensor Networks</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>This research aims at developing an e- spelling system supported by effective multimedia technique of sign language and finger spelling. However the aimed system should enhance the hearing disability for the Deaf student so he can enter his desired paragraph then the spelling process&amp;nbsp; could be accomplished in two stages, the fist stage&amp;nbsp; is the word spelling which translates each word into the corresponding sign language video clip (MPEG video cut). Then stopping message appears asking the Deaf student to move to the second&amp;nbsp; stage of translating. The second stage is the letter spelling which translates the current translated word (in sign language) into finger spelling letter by letter in sequence. Both stages of spelling are controlled by the Deaf student. After completing translation of that word into alphabets finger spelling, the next word would &amp;nbsp;be translated into the corresponding sign language video clip. Real run-out forms (8 screens) have been displayed to describe the tracing process of translating and spelling via this e-spelling system. The system has been showed/tried by some experts to get the valuable feedback from them. As final result it is expected that Deaf students can improve their skills in English reading when they practice, drill and repeat the translating and spelling process of various English sentences and words. One hand ASL (American Sign Language) alphabets are used for letter spelling and Indian Sign Language Dictionary is used for word spelling. Visual programming coding source and its multimedia control components/techniques with database have been used in developing this system</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Karim Qassim Hussein</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 10 (2022); pp. 67-78</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>e-Learning Modules  , Deaf    , ASL one-hand American alphabets finger spelling., sign Language , Reading Skills ,visual multimedia</text>
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                <text>Multi-Mode e-Learning System of Reading Skills for Deaf Students Based on Visual Multimedia</text>
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                <text>The pandemic is currently forcing several countries to take certain restrictions on public transportation to prevent the spread of the virus, Peru is in the aforementioned phase, so many users who continue to use public transportation on a daily basis to get to work, home, supermarkets, among other activities, must stay informed to comply with these requirements. In this context, the mobile application was developed to help the proper management of information of the sanitary measures of the Covid-19 in the area of public transport for the city of Lima, and this is compatible with Android and iOS; likewise, the Mobile-D methodology, helped to make such mobile application and to know the phases to proceed with the implementation, which has an impact on time, information management and user satisfaction. The results of the present document show that the level of user satisfaction increased to 67.5% of a sample of 200 people as the experimental group. It was concluded that the application made it possible to automate the management of information on Covid-19 sanitary measures in the field of public transportation.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Harold Paucarcaja-Ochoa , Jhanery Martos-Olazabal , Fernando Sierra-Liñan , Michael Cabanillas-Carbonell</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 12 (2022); pp. 4-17</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>public transport</text>
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                <text>methodology mobile-d</text>
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                <text>information management process</text>
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                <text>Mobile Application for the Management of Covid-19 Health Measures on Public Transport Lines</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Prahani, Binar Kurnia</text>
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                <text>Digital learning and mobile learning are two different things but have something in common. This research aims to find trends, topics, similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of digital learning and mobile learning over the last thirty years (1992 – 2021). The method used in this research is bibliometric analysis with the help of Ms-excel, VOSViewer, and Wordcloud to visualize the metadata obtained from Scopus. The findings show that the trend of digital learning continues to increase from year to year. In addition, it can explain that mobile learning is an innovative part of digital learning with almost the same differences, similarities, advantages, and disadvantages. In the future, it is hoped that further research related to digital learning will continue to develop along with technological developments.</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/29803/11161</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Binar Kurnia Prahani, M.Pd., Mohd Zaidi Bin Amiruddin, Prof. Dr. Budi Jatmiko, M.Pd., Assoc. Prof. Nadi Suprapto, Ph.D., Tan Amelia, S.Kom., M.MT.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 08 (2022); pp. 18-33</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Bibliometric</text>
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                <text>mobile learning</text>
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                <text>Top 100 Cited Publications for The Last Thirty Years in Digital Learning and Mobile Learning</text>
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