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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Hanafi, Hafizul Fahri bin</text>
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                <text>Wong, Kung-Teck</text>
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                <text>Muhamad Adnan, Muhamad Hariz Bin</text>
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                <text>Selamat, Abu Zarrin Bin</text>
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                <text>This study developed and used a mobile Augmented Reality (AR) reading kit to help preschool students recognize alphabets and read simple words more effectively. This study was based on the quantitative approach involving an experimental methodology that used a one-group pretest-posttest design. In this study, the variables of interest to be measured were students’ reading skills, motivation, and self-learning. The learning treatment involved a series of reading sessions using the novel learning application that spanned three weeks, with each session lasting for two hours. The sample of this study comprised 60 preschool students, whose ages ranged from four to six, who were selected from three different preschools. The effectiveness of the novel-reading kit was evaluated in terms of students’ learning performance, learning motivation in reading, and self-learning. The data for the former were gathered from pre-testing and post-testing. At the same time, a survey was administered to the students to elicit their opinions and feedback on the last two factors. Furthermore, all descriptive and inferential statistical procedures have been selected to analyze the data. Specifically, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze the data, which demonstrated significant differences in the students’ reading skills, motivation, and self-learning before and after the learning interventions. These findings showed the students could recognize alphabets more accurately, read simple words more intelligently, become more motivated to read and be highly engaged in self-learning using the mobile AR reading kit.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26673</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26673/10489</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 HAFIZUL FAHRI BIN HANAFI</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45535">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 94-107</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45536">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Mobile augmented reality</text>
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                <text>motivation</text>
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                <text>self-learning.</text>
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                <text>Utilizing Animal Characters of a Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) Reading Kit to Improve Preschoolers’ Reading Skills, Motivation, and Self-Learning: An Initial Study</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Wheeb, Ali H.</text>
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                <text>Al-jamali, Nadia Adnan</text>
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                <text>Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is an efficient routing protocol used for various Ad hoc networks. OLSR employs the Multipoint Relay (MPR) technique to reduce network overhead traffic. A mobility model's main goal is to realistically simulate the movement behaviors of actual users. However, the high mobility and mobility model is the major design issues for an efﬁcient and effective routing protocol for real Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the performance of the OLSR protocol concerning various random and group mobility models. Two simulation scenarios were conducted over four mobility models, specifically the  Random Waypoint model (RWP), Random Direction model (RD), Nomadic Community model (NC), and the Reference Point Group Model (RPGM) with a low as well as high random range mobility of the nodes.  Moreover, BonnMotion Software and Network simulator NS-3 used to implement the simulation scenarios. Further, the performance of the OLSR protocol analyzed and evaluated based on latency, routing overhead, and packet loss ratio metrics. According to the results, the OLSR protocol provides the best performance over the RWP model in a low mobility environment, whereas the Nomadic mobility model is suitable for OLSR protocol in a high mobility environment.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26663</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i01.26663</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26663/10555</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Ali Hussein Wheeb, Nadia Adnan Al-jamali</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45508">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 01 (2022); pp. 106-119</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>olsr routing protocol</text>
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                <text>random mobility</text>
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                <text>group mobility</text>
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                <text>bonnmotion software</text>
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                <text>network simulation.</text>
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                <text>Performance Analysis of OLSR Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Hidayati, Abna</text>
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                <text>Bentri, Alwen</text>
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                <text>Eldarni</text>
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                <text>2022-03-08</text>
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                <text>The aim of this research is to determine the supporting factors for the implementation of mobile learning for elementary school students in Indonesia using an authentic approach and real-world activities. This is significant because various approaches to mobile learning have been used in elementary institutions. However, this educational model is not ideal because the data shows that 92% of students have learning difficulties, and 38% state they do not receive teachers’ guidance.The method used was descriptive quantitative with the population of elementary school students and a purposively selected sample of 26 of those pupils. Samples were taken based on the characteristics of the coastal area and city center. To assess their entry behavior, questionnaires and test sheets were used. Moreover, data was gathered through home visits and the Whatsapp application. It was then processed using the percentage technique and the SmartPLS application, to obtain accurate results. In addition, a qualitative approach was used to develop the analysis.According to the results, the supporting factors for the implementation of mobile learning using an authentic approach and real-world activities are as follows: 1) students already have the concrete and logical thinking skills, 2) the entry behavior of students are still low, and 3) visual and auditory learning styles affect meaningful learning. Furthermore, research suggests that teachers and learning designers should create mobile learning exercises which support authentic learning and real-world pursuits. </text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26551</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i05.26551</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26551/10889</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="45483">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 abna hidayati hidayati</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45484">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45485">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 05 (2022); pp. 107-120</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>mobile learning</text>
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                <text>learning style</text>
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                <text>authentic learning</text>
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                <text>Supporting Factors for the Implementation of Mobile Learning for Elementary School Students Using an Authentic Approach and Real-World Activities</text>
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                <text>Abuaddous, Hayfa Y.</text>
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                <text>Ghabban, Fahad M</text>
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                <text>Al-Badareen, Anas Bassam</text>
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                <text>User Experience (UX) evaluation has a significant importance for any interactive application. Mobile device applications have additional limitations to convey good user experiences (UX) due to the usage and features of mobile devices in ubiquitous computing contexts. There are a lot of automated tools available for evaluating, such applications particularly developed for Android and iOS. Automated UX evaluation provides a number of strengths which are able to overcome the limitations of non-automated (moderated) counterparts. Automated UX evaluation is regarded as unexplored field, especially when it is adopted for the UX evaluation of complex mobile application. Despite these, automated UX evaluation tools are unexplored and should only be used in coupling with traditional UX evaluation techniques. Hence, this study aims to discuss the literature in automated UX evaluation and to highlight the UX measurements that merit further investigation. This paper presents the most frequently used automated UX evaluation tools for mobile applications. Therefore, the study analyzes existing automated UX tools and frameworks and identifies which UX attributes and measurements of automated UX evaluation are likely to be of use in future research. Moreover, we discuss the strengths and limitations of automated UX evaluation methods for mobile applications. Finally, the paper provides an overview of automated UX evaluation techniques and tools. It also presents the strengths and limitations for comparing various evaluation methods.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Hayfa Y. Abuaddous, Ashraf Mousa Saleh, Odai Enaizan, Fahad M Ghabban, Anas Bassam Al-Badareen</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 04 (2022); pp. 30-45</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45462">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>User Experience (UX)</text>
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                <text>UX Evaluation</text>
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                <text>Moderated UX Evaluation</text>
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                <text>Mobile Applications</text>
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                <text>Automated User Experience (UX) Testing for Mobile Application: Strengths and Limitations</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Tolentino, Julius Ceazar G.</text>
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                <text>Miranda, John Paul P.</text>
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                <text>Punzalan, Rodel B.</text>
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                <text>Manalang, Jomari C.</text>
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                <text>Hermogenes, Lovely Kate S.</text>
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                <text>Mallari, Jayson T.</text>
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                <text>The corona-virus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has caused extreme disruption in the delivery of instruction in many educational institutions all over the world. However, this circumstance may not only be a challenge but also an opportunity to foster learning through exploration of various technologies that can be developed, more specifically in a course characterized with a strong skills-based orientation such as physical education (PE). Therefore, the aim set in this study was to develop a mobile application for Movement Competency Training (MCT) grounded on the User-Centered Design Model. This descriptive mixed-method research started with a preliminary needs assessment analysis which was participated by 121 Filipino students enrolled in the MCT course and 10 PE teachers. Results revealed the skills that require a higher degree of proficiency such as non-locomotor skills, locomotor, and mobility skills. Also, the majority of the respondents are mobile phone users which justified the adoption of mobile instruction and the development of an application for MCT. Moreover, indicated in this research was the preference of the intended users in terms of design and interface that led to the development of the mobile application and had specified the requirements based on the users' needs. The initial assessment of the developed application indicated a highly acceptable level of functional suitability, usability, and portability by the student-respondents. A field testing of the application may be recommended to determine its effectiveness in mastering the skills in MCT independently.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26447</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i03.26447</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26447/10719</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="45433">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Rodel B. Punzalan, Julius Ceazar G. Tolentino, John Paul P. Miranda, Jomari C. Manalang, Lovely Kate S. Hermogenes, Jayson T. Mallari</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45435">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 03 (2022); pp. 92-103</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45436">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>mobile application</text>
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                <text>user-centered design</text>
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                <text>physical education</text>
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                <text>movement competency training</text>
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                <text>flexible learning</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Towards the Development of a Mobile Application in Movement Competency Training Grounded on the User-Centered Design Model: The Case of a State University in the Philippines</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45397">
                <text>Lakshmanarao, A.</text>
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                <text>Shashi, M.</text>
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                <text>Android is the most widely used operating system in smartphones. Mobile users can download and access apps easily from the play store. Due to lack of security awareness and risk associated with mobile apps, malware apps would be downloaded by normal users in general. The consequences after installing a malware app are unpredictable. Malware apps can gather user personal data, browsing history, user profiles, user sensitive data like passwords. Hence, android malware detection is essential for providing security to mobile users. Android malware detection using machine learning is done either by extracting static features (opcodes, permissions, intents, system commands) or by extracting dynamic features (log behavior, system calls, dataflow). In this paper, opcode sequences are extracted from malware and benign apps, and Recurrent Neural Networks are proposed on extracted sequences. Benign apps are collected from the play store, apkpure.com and malware apps are collected from the virus share website. The proposed Recurrent Neural Network model could achieve 96% accuracy for android malware detection.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26433</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i01.26433</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45404">
                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26433/10561</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45407">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 A Lakshmanarao, M Shashi</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="45408">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 01 (2022); pp. 145-157</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45410">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45411">
                <text>Android</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45412">
                <text>Malware</text>
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                <text>Opcodes</text>
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                <text>Recurrent Neural Networks</text>
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                <text>Android Malware Detection with Deep Learning using RNN from Opcode Sequences</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45370">
                <text>Faisal, Tarig</text>
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                <text>Awawdeh, Moath</text>
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                <text>Habte, Daniel</text>
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                <text>Berhanu, Hala</text>
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                <text>Kifle, Kibrom</text>
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                <text>Misghina, Lia</text>
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                <text>Bashir, Anees</text>
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                <text>Consumerism has constantly been growing, and visiting marketplaces and purchasing is a key development factor for the economic development of a city. The spending habits of people are a reflector of many development indices. As people go out for purchasing in malls for shopping essential items, they often tend to find long queues at the billing counter, and the queues are more longer during weekends and during sale seasons. This has been deterring people from going out shopping and instead resort to online shopping. This has affected the sales and revenue of departmental chains. Also, people spend quite a considerable amount of time searching through rows in order to find the items of their choice. Proposing a solution to these above-mentioned problems using technology is a real boon.  Installing a payment option on the cart itself would result in cutting down the waiting times in queues. Moreover, the customers can also benefit from navigation through the virtual maps that would be displayed on the screens of the carts. This reduces the time wasted by customers in searching for products. Hence the customers are self-dependent during their shopping. For the retail group, their transactions and management are truly simplified with these developments. Additionally, the counter labor will decrease if not cease to zero, which in turn reduces the labor cost drastically. In times of pandemic like now, people have been sticking with online shopping due to various reasons, but they long to go out and spend time in the malls as they would in normal times. The proposed solution would definitely assist in the normalization of lives and bring back on-ground retail back to life.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26397</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i24.26397</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Tarig Faisal, Moath Awawdeh, Daniel Habte Kifle, Hala Berhanu Mohamed, Kibrom Kifle Tesfagabeir, Lia Misghina Yebiyo, Anees Bashir</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 77-93</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Smart Gate</text>
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                <text>Smart Shopping Gate</text>
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                <text>Cloud computing is considered one of the most important techniques in the field of distributed computing which contributes to maintain increased scalability and flexibility in computer processing. This is achieved because it, using the Internet, provides different resources and shared services with minimum costs. Cloud service providers (CSPs) offer many different services to their customers, where the customers’ needs are met seeking the highest levels of quality at the lowest considerate prices. The relationship between CSPs and customers must be determined in a formal agreement, and to ensure how the QoS between them will be fulfilled, a clear Service Level Agreement (SLA) must be called for. Several previously-proposed models used in the literature to improve the QoS in the SLA for cloud computing and to face many of the challenges in the SLA are reviewed in this paper. We also addressed the challenges that are related to the violations of SLAs, and how overcoming them will enhance customers’ satisfaction. Furthermore, we proposed a model based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and an enhanced DRL agent (EDRLA). In this model, and by optimizing the learning process in EDRLA, proposed agents would be able to have optimal CSPs by improving the learning process in EDRLA. This improvement will be reflected in the agent's performance and considerably affect it, especially in identifying cloud computing requirements based on the QoS metrics.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26379/10181</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45358">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Afaf Edinat, Rizik M. H. Al-Sayyed, Amjad Hudaib</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 21 (2021); pp. 119-143</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Cloud Computing</text>
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                <text>Quality of Service</text>
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                <text>A Survey on Improving QoS in Service Level Agreement for Cloud Computing Environment</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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                <text>Yahaya, Nur Sauri</text>
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                <text>Mutalib, Ariffin Abdul</text>
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                <text>Abdul Salam, Sobihatun Nur</text>
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                <text>Nowadays, developing Virtual Reality (VR) and Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) application is one of the alternative support tools used to support children in learning road safety education. At early stage of VR/IVR application development, cybersickness was one of the main concerns that occur in both non-immersive and immersive environment that include both VR platforms which are Mobile and Tethered. This is because it involves inconsistencies between visual and physical movement in the virtual environment. Thus, the primary concern of this study is to explore and identify appropriate design guidelines in reducing cyber and simulator sickness in developing VR/IVR application for both platforms which employed in previous research. In accordance, 14 studies have been selected for review in a comparative analysis. The findings of this study discuss the appropriate cybersickness reduction design guidelines and principle that applicable and beneficial in the development process of the VR/IVR application and respectively reducing the cybersickness effect</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26359</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26359/10879</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Nur Sauri Yahaya, Ariffin Abdul Mutalib, Sobihatun Nur Abdul Salam</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 05 (2022); pp. 33-48</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Virtual Reality</text>
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                <text>Immersive Virtual Reality</text>
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                <text>Mobile HMD</text>
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                <text>Cybersickness Reduction Guidelines.</text>
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                <text>A Comparative Analysis on Cybersickness Reduction Guidelines in VR and IVR Applications for Children Road Safety Education</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Dar, Muneer Ahmad</text>
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                <text>Askar, Aadil</text>
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                <text>Alyahya, Daliya</text>
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                <text>Bhat, Sameer Ahmad</text>
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                <text>Open networks enable data communication between different types of mobile devices that showcase the need to enforce elevated security measures. Securing sensitive or confidential data in mobile phones is accomplished by implementing a diverse range of cryptographic techniques. While encryption algorithms, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) may offer secure solutions that are often difficult to compromise, these in turn prerequisite high speed computational resources for effective operation. Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is well thought-out standard that offers a workable and feasible methods of encryption/decryption, whilst being applicable to resource constraint devices. This paper implements a novel key exchange mechanism that helps to secure exchange of data between the communicating mobile devices. The study aims to address the limitation of Elliptic Curve Deffie Hellman, which is susceptible to Man-in-the-Middle attack and proposes an enhanced Elliptic Curve Deffie Hellman (ECDH) technique for secure data communication in open networks. The study results reveal, how the implementation of ECDH allows exchange of keys between the two communicating devices with limited resources.</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26337/10423</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45307">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Muneer Ahmad Dar, Sameer Ahmad Bhat</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45308">
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 23 (2021); pp. 89-103</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Android</text>
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                <text>Cryptography</text>
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                <text>ECC</text>
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                <text>Instructional Technology</text>
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                <text>Lightweight and Secure Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Key Exchange for Mobile Phones</text>
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