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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta</text>
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                <text>Fauzan, Fauzan</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Kamarulnizam</text>
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                <text>Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki</text>
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                <text>2019-11-26</text>
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                <text>Natuna or better known as the Natuna Islands is one of the border areas in Indonesia that has complex problems. As a cluster of islands bordering Indonesia with Malaysia and Vietnam, the Natuna Islands are also located in the South China Sea region, which is a regional dispute hot spot in East Asia. This paper will discuss the concept of border security and border security issues in the waters of the Natuna Islands. In this paper, the authors argue that the problem of the Indonesian EEZ maritime boundary in the Natuna Islands territorial waters with Malaysia and Vietnam needs to be immediately resolved, because in addition to sovereignty, the precision of the EEZ boundary with neighboring countries will be related to the management of natural resources contained in the particular territorial waters. This condition is increasingly complicated when China with its nine-dashed line has raised problems of overlapping claims in the Natuna waters. In addition, the obscurity of maritime boundaries is used by certain parties to carry out illegal fishing in the maritime areas currently being disputed by the neighboring countries.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/736</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v3i2.736</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/736/517</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14447">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14448">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14449">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 2 (2019): March - August 2019</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14450">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14451">
                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Border Security Problems in the Waters of the Natuna Islands: Between National Boundaries and Illegal Fishing</text>
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Adriani, Isyana</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13950">
                <text>2019-08-02</text>
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                <text>Since President of China Xi Jinping introduced the mega infrastructure project Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in late 2013, many have doubted the real objective of the president, particularly since world leadership position has been vacant because US President Donald Trump still has no clear foreign policy on Asia Pacific. BRI, which aims to connect China to all continents in the world, has already had negative and positive impacts. One of which is Africa, where China has been helping the Trans-African Highway project, a project that has been planned since 1971. However, BRI has caused African countries’ debts to China to multiply, and it is not impossible that they will experience what Sri Lanka has already experienced: Beijing taking over their Hambantota Port. In Indonesia itself, there have been several BRI projects, such as the 142-km fast train that connects Bandung, West Java, to Jakarta, and Morowali Industrial Park in Central Sulawesi. However, despite BRI’s help with infrastructure many people are suspicious that Indonesia will fall into a “debt trap” like Sri Lanka and African countries already did. They are also worried about the ever-increasing number of Chinese workers to Indonesia, which threaten the availability of jobs for locals. On the other hand, Indonesia’s involvement in BRI shows that Indonesia is an important country to China, and this can be seen through many things, one of which is the growing number of Chinese universities having Indonesian language and culture sub-majors in the past seven years. This essay focuses on how these Indonesian language and culture sub-majors contribute to the success of BRI in China.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/730</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v3i1.730</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>President University</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13957">
                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/730/443</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13958">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13959">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13960">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 1 (2018): September 2018 - February 2019</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13961">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Indonesian Sub-Majors at Chinese Universities and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)</text>
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14418">
                <text>Agastia, I Gusti Bagus Dharma</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14419">
                <text>2019-08-02</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Situated in a highly dynamic region at the crossroads of the Pacific and Indian Ocean, Indonesia’s foreign policy has long been influenced by both international and domestic factors. In light of these changes, we firstly look at the development of Indonesia’s external environment. This discussion centres on the dynamics in the Indo-Pacific between the major powers, specifically their outlooks, approaches, and interests in the region. Next, we examine Indonesia’s domestic dynamics, particularly those related to the progress of the development of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In this section, we will discuss the process of naval modernization and an update of national political dynamics as the 2019 Presidential Elections loom closer. Finally, we examine the progress of Indonesia’s bilateral and multilateral cooperation.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/727</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v3i1.727</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/727/442</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14427">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14428">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14429">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 1 (2018): September 2018 - February 2019</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14430">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Indonesia Foreign Policy Update: rough waves ahead in the Indo-Pacific</text>
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14600">
                <text>Agastia, I Gusti Bagus Dharma</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14601">
                <text>2018-01-12</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>From its inception, the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) has struggled to reconcile its relatively small capabilities with its large responsibilities. This paper argues that significant reforms need to be carried out in order to improve the overall capacity of the TNI-AL and build Indonesian naval power. The Global Maritime Fulcrum vision provides this opportunity, however, it must be sustained by the political leadership in the long term as developing naval power does not happen overnight. To that end, this paper discusses four chief problems that the TNI-AL continues to face today, namely (1) a lack of a comprehensive maritime outlook, (2) stringent budgetary conditions, (3) a continental-oriented command and control structure, and (4) “turf wars” between related agencies in the government. This paper also briefly contrasts and compares Indonesia’s experience with China’s experience with naval development under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping. Although both countries are arguably different from one another in one way or the other, this exercise serves to highlight three lessons that may be applicable for Indonesia in managing its naval development and understanding the complexity in building its naval power. These lessons include (1) a need for strong and sustained political will in developing naval power and (2) having a clear strategic objective for naval development, and (3) a significant amount of resources are required to build naval power.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/238</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v1i2.238</text>
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 1, No 2 (2017): March - August 2017</text>
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                <text>SMALL NAVY, BIG RESPONSIBILITIES: THE STRUGGLES OF BUILDING INDONESIA’S NAVAL POWER</text>
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                <text>Chinatown is a residential area inhabited by a group of ethnic Chinese. These settlements have been widely spread in various countries since hundreds of years ago and attracted the tourist all over the world. Nevertheless, the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic since 2019 has affected the existence of Chinatown as well as the increase of ethnical violence “Asian hates” in US. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implications COVID-19 toward the Chinatown and the rise of ethnical violence. Hence, the response of international cultural and social policy will be the framework in analyzing the phenomenon. This research uses descriptive-qualitative method that mostly collects secondary data such as books, journals, newspapers, magazines, news portals, articles, official websites, and so on. Through this method, the research found that the COVID-19 has significantly affected the rise of ethnical violence in most of the Chinatown in the US. However, the international cultural and social policy has responded that the COVID-19 is not only affecting the health sector yet also the social and cultural sector. The fact that cultural and social sector are vulnerable in pandemic situation should obtain the attention from various stakeholders including government and their policies. Furthermore, there are alternative strategies – cultural and social policy approach to prevent the increase number of ethnical violence occurred, especially for the future pandemic.</text>
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 6, No 2 (2022)</text>
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                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>hubungan internasional; social cultural policy; racial discrimination; covid-19</text>
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                <text>hubungan internasional; social cultural policy; racial discrimination; covid-19</text>
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                <text>The Chinatown and The Rise of Ethnical Violence During Pandemic in the US: The Responses of International Cultural and Social Policy</text>
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                <text>Alverdian, Indra</text>
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                <text>This article tries to enrich the conceptual debate and discussions among international relations and strategic studies scholars regarding explanations of weak actor‟s victories against strong actors in military conflicts. For longtime strategic studies scholars have tried to find the most relevant and valid explanations on the reasoning on how a weak actor can achieve victory in asymmetric conflict despite overwhelming inferiority in terms of power. Previous strategic studies scholars have proposed competing hypothesis ranging from regime type, balance of interests to the types of strategic interaction between the two actors. In this essay, the author would like to underline the significance of fog of war or uncertainty as a significant contributing factor during strategic interactions at tactical-operational towards shaping either a favorable or vice-versa unfavorable war conditions for the weak actor to modify pre-war political objectives of the asymmetric conflict. In this analysis, the 2006 Lebanon War is taken as a case study of the asymmetric conflict between the strong and weak actor. The result strengthened the notion that there is no single variable but a multitude of variable which explains asymmetric conflict outcomes.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/81</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v1i1.81</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14594">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 1, No 1 (2016): September 2016 - February 2017</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14595">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>ESCALATION AND DE-ESCALATION OF WAR OBJECTIVES: THE ANALYSIS OF ASYMMETRIC WAR IN LEBANON (2006)</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Amelia, Gabriella D</text>
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                <text>Isyana, Adriani</text>
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                <text>One fact that is very often overlooked is that the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, often referred to as Chinese Indonesians, play an important part in the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and People’s Republic of China (PRC.) The image that the majority Indonesians, especially the Muslim ones, have about the minority ethnic Chinese in Indonesia helps shape perspectives about PRC. Since the Chinese Indonesians have very often been discredited as pork-eating, ancestors-worshipping (which are deemed haram (forbidden) in Islam), rude, scheming, apolitical, greedy and only care about money, it is not a wonder that if coupled with the image of PRC as a closed country that is stuck in communism, the collective image of the Chinese in general can very well stand in the way of the two countries’ diplomatic relations. To counter this, in 2007 the PRC government through Confucius Institute launched partnerships with several major state and private universities in Indonesia. However, this essay focuses on Confucius Institute’s partnerships with Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia (Al-Azhar University Indonesia (UAI)) in Jakarta and Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (Muhammadiyah University Malang (UMM)) in Malang, East Java, as PRC government’s tool to engage Indonesia’s Muslim majority in cultural diplomacy for the success of PRC and Indonesia’s relations.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/79</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v1i1.79</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/79/61</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14101">
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 1, No 1 (2016): September 2016 - February 2017</text>
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                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT’S CULTURAL DIPLOMACY THROUGH PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE AND MUSLIM UNIVERSITIES IN INDONESIA</text>
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                <text>In 2013, Southeast Asian countries have to face a disastrous haze pollution coming from Indonesia. Transboundary Haze Pollution (THP) is a deadly occurrences that repeats annually. As a result, Indonesia’s neighboring countries must encounter disadvantageous consequences. One of the countries gradually affected is Singapore, since they have been through haze pollution since the late 1980’s. Various attempts have been made by Singapore to mitigate the disaster. Since bilateral and regional efforts do not give any solution, Singapore then implies public diplomacy efforts. The practices of these public diplomacy could be seen from the involvement of one of the nation’s influential NGOs, the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA). As a result, they are able to pressure Indonesia in applying a more comprehensive map for haze tracker. Therefore, this study expects to invite readers’ interest in the issue of NGO, precisely in International Relations and Public Diplomacy. This study will specifically discuss the practice of SIIA as public diplomacy efforts to resolve the THP issue from 2012 until 2016.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/725</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v3i2.725</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13738">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13739">
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              <elementText elementTextId="13740">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 2 (2019): March - August 2019</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13741">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>The Contribution of NGO in Public Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs in Resolving the Transboundary Haze Pollution Issue between Singapore-Indonesia (2012-2016)</text>
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="13746">
                <text>Anshori, Muhammad Fikry</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13747">
                <text>2020-07-24</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>AbstrakLatar belakang artikel ini adalah ekspansi China di Laut China Selatan serta pengaktifan kembali Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD). QSD adalah pertemuan non-formal yang beranggotakan United States, Australia, India, dan Japan. Artikel ini berusaha untuk menjawab ‘Apa keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh QSD pasca pengaktifan kembali mereka untuk menghadapi kehadiran China di Laut China Selatan?’. Teori utama yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah Balance of Threat dari Stephen Walt. Hasil dari artikel ini memperlihatkan keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh QSD adalah lokasi geografis, sebagian besar sumber daya dan persenjataan, serta program latihan perang bersama dan modernisasi persenjataan. Keunggulan tersebut dapat digunakan QSD untuk menghadapi niat mengancam dari China dengan kehadiran mereka di Laut China Selatan.AbstractThe background of this article is the expansion of China in the South China Sea and the reactivation of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD). QSD is an informal meeting with members from the United States, Australia, India, and Japan. This article seeks to answer 'What advantages does QSD have after their reactivation to face China's presence in the South China Sea?'. The main theory used in this article is the Balance of Threat from Stephen Walt. The results of this article show the advantages possessed by QSD is the geographical location, the majority of resources and weapons, as well as joint war training and weapon modernization programs. These advantages can be used by QSD to face the threatening intentions of China with its presence in the South China Sea.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/883</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v4i1.883</text>
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                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/883/611</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13755">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13757">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 4, No 1 (2020)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13758">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13760">
                <text>Australia, Balance of Threat, China, India, Japan, Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD), South China Sea, United States</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13761">
                <text>Balance of Threat of QSD toward China’s Presence in the South China Sea</text>
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14704">
                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="13862">
                <text>Arifin, Bustanul</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13863">
                <text>2018-01-12</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Global economic policy dominated by the influence of the Washington Consensus during the past few decades has led to many upheavals in the global economic order. The term Washington Consensus is associated with three major institutions located in Washington, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the US Treasury Department, and it has become a neoliberal economic agenda also called as the western economic agenda. The debates are increasing significantly regarding the effectiveness of policies that are sourced from the World Bank, IMF and the US Treasury Department in encouraging development. Where in reality, those countries that adopt the recommendations derived from the Washington Consensus, mostly bring them to experience economic problems. The last example is believed to be the 2008 global financial crisis.In this journal, the author will explain and analyse the definition and the recommendations offered by the Washington Consensus in order to promote global development. It will also present various criticisms that have emerged from the various parties to the Washington Consensus. Various analysis will also be given to understand that the Washington Consensus is already less suitable and appropriate for use to encourage the global development today. Then this journal confirms the need for a new reform of the global economic order, namely with the policy recommendations for the new global economy through a new consensus. The rapid development of globalization has changed characteristic of many countries, especially developing countries, so that many developing countries begin to look for new formulas to boost their economies. Because the Washington Consensus is seen only benefit developed countries, while developing countries and least developed countries are experiencing a lot of problems of development. Thus, due to the demand and push for a reformation of the global economic order, China and the countries of the region have established the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), based in Beijing, and it is now often called as the Beijing Consensus. Then, it now becomes a real sign of resistance to the Washington Consensus.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13867">
                <text>10.33021/aegis.v1i2.235</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/235/121</text>
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          </element>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13871">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13873">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 1, No 2 (2017): March - August 2017</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13874">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>The Failure of the Washington Consensus, the Need for a New Reform and the Rise of the Beijing Consensus</text>
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