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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>Chung Tiam Fook, Tanya</text>
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                <text>In the contemporary global political context of stringent conservation policy and low carbon economies, Guyana has positioned itself between two divergent paths of development and identity: 1) its desire to entrench itself as a competitive player in the global economy, and 2) its goal to pursue a more ecologically sustainable model of development. Focusing on Guyana's controversial Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) and its Reduction of Emissions through Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) framework, this paper critically explores the increasing marketization of forest management and climate change governance and their implications for negotiating Indigenous rights and participation in national and global climate change and conservation policies and debates.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/iir/article/view/336</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/iir/article/view/336/296</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)</text>
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                <text>A 'Win- Win' Strategy for All? Guyana's Climate Change Strategies and Implications for Indigenous Communities</text>
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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>Dookeran, Winston</text>
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                <text>This article elaborates, explains and analyses the notion of Caribbean Convergence. This represents a new way of thinking about integration in the region, and a potential strategy for injecting the process with new life and energy. The article provides a twelve-point action program for Caribbean convergence, which is grounded in a distinctive series of strategies relating to finance, resource clustering, infrastructure, and production integration.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/iir/article/view/367</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)</text>
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                <text>A New Frontier for Caribbean Convergence</text>
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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>Jules, Tavis D.</text>
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                <text>This article sets out to theoretically explain the Caribbean Community's (CARICOM) integrative stalemate. It argues that this needs to be studied in light of a changing regional, geographic, and geostrategic climate. A shift is occurring from 'endogenous regionalism,' which concentrates on the Caribbean's historical past, to 'exogenous regionalism,' which focuses on creating a borderless Caribbean space and promotes Caribbeanization through the Caribbean Single Market (CSM), which came into force in 2006, and the stalemated Caribbean Single Economy (CSE). I argue that new trans-hemispheric relations are emerging and Caribbean regionalism is now both multi-centric -arising from actions in numerous places rather than a single center- and also multi-temporal. In this context, mature regionalism presages effective governance by focusing on deepening regional structures and institutional arrangements. I argue that trans-regionalism is a multidimensional process that moves away from the spill-over effects of trade policy harmonization and streamlines different political, security, economic, and cultural regimes. I conclude by suggesting that 'meta-steering' in the form of 'strategic coordination' or 'first order response' is but one way to perceive the paused regional project.</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/iir/article/view/765/685</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)</text>
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                <text>A Stitch in Time Saves Caribbeanization: Meta- Steering and Strategic Coordination in an Era of Caribbean Trans- Regionalism</text>
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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>For almost three decades, democracy promotion has been the cornerstone of US policy towards Cuba and it has shaped bilateral relations around the democratic conditionality codified in the embargo against the island. Obama entered the White House as the 'open minded candidate' who could realize the promise embedded within Jimmy Carter's 2002 speech in Havana, but, for different reasons, the new President opted for a more 'Clintonian' approach characterized by only a partial relaxation of sanctions and people-to-people diplomacy as a tool for obtaining more political concessions from Raul Castro.</text>
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                <text>Between Carter and Clinton: Obama's Policy Towards Cuba</text>
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                <text>Developmental Regionalism in Crisis? Rethinking CARICOM, Deepening Relations with Latin America</text>
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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>This paper uses the model of the new growth theory to evaluate whether or not Trinidad and Tobago can develop a sustainable path of development in the non-oil sectors that would lead to increased trade with the rest of the world. It is proposed that Trinidad and Tobago's manufacturing sectors may be able to flourish in the global economy if it is able to make use of the technology presently available globally, as well as create and sustain some degree of knowledge creation. A review of the literature shows that developing countries like Trinidad and Tobago can exist and participate in the global economic arena, if they adopt the philosophies and practices that have been advanced by the new growth theories, specifically the endogenous growth theory. This paper postulates that economic growth can be attained if there is sufficient levels of research and development (R&amp;amp;D) applied to the productive process, and this needs to be expressed not only at the level of the firm, but throughout the economy as a whole.</text>
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                <text>Globalization and the Implications for Trade- Readiness of Small Developing Countries: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago</text>
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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>This article examines how narcotics came to be at the centre of US Foreign Policy in Latin America as of the latter half of the 20th Century. The central role of narcotics, referred to as narcotisation, is evident in the case study of US-Colombia relations. It is argued that through the securitization of narcotics, the US adopted a national security stance and sought to impose its supply side policies through coercive diplomacy and militaristic means. The article critically examines this realist approach coupled with the market-based logic of supply and demand, and highlights fundamental flaws which caused more debilitating effects than positive results in drug supply reduction. Despite the mobilization of considerable resources, the policies are largely ineffective, and US-Colombia relations continue to be narcotized.</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)</text>
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                <text>International Drug Interdiction: The Narcotisation of United States - Colombia Relations</text>
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                <text>This article offers a critical and wide-ranging review of extant theories of International Relations (IR). It suggests that, despite the ubiquity of the field and the abundance of research that has been undertaken over the past century, there remains a need for IR to accept and integrate new ways of thinking if it is to grapple successfully with emerging global challenges and also remain relevant to practitioners. In this spirit, some components of a more holistic way of understanding IR are suggested, and this in turn hints at a new agenda for research and practice with broader relevance.</text>
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                <text>Is there a New Theory of International Relations?</text>
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                <text>Kofi Annan, the seventh UN Secretary-General (UNSG), and the only UNSG to have come from the ranks of the Secretariat, has been described in many ways over the years by observers, supporters and critics. Nevertheless, in this article, the Ghanaian is compared to a funambulist. In carefully examining his entire life span, one realises the extent to which this daring, yet humble, man exhibited, metaphorically speaking, the essential qualities of a tightrope walker. From his early days in Cape Coast to his journey across continents to MIT, Annan underwent arduous preparation for what was to become a risky, sometimes painful, sometimes exhilarating, journey to the pinnacle of the UN multilateral system. In the process, he kept his focus and vision, using unique guiding principles, on the end-goal of “putting people first”. This required a balancing act of making adjustments during turbulent times and moments of disequilibrium, and in the end championing the security of people over the pressure to adhere to outmoded principles of state sovereignty.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)</text>
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                <text>Kofi Annan, the Funambulist</text>
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                  <text>The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. </text>
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                <text>Osei, Philip Duku</text>
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                <text>Obeng-Baah, Joseph</text>
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                <text>In this paper, we examine Kofi Annan’s two most consequential roles in the course of his long career at the United Nations: his role in the Rwanda genocide in 1994 as the head of UN peacekeeping and his tenure as Secretary-General. A realist analysis of the Rwanda genocide which continues to be the referent point for critics of both Annan and the UN is presented. We find that, more than any personal or institutional failings, it was the retreat into a post-Cold War posture of realist non-interventionism of global powers based purely on realist considerations of national interest that mostly accounted for the inevitability and irreversibility of the Rwanda genocide. The paper also explores Annan’s bold idealist global initiatives during his time as Secretary-General and his contributions to human rights, human security, justice, conflict resolution and commitment to sustainable development in Africa, the continent of his birth.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/iir/article/view/7962</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/iir/article/view/7962/6879</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy</text>
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                <text>Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)</text>
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                <text>Kofi Annan: An Idealist in a Realist Era</text>
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