59 10 1739 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Handayani, Dewi Elvinawati, Elvinawati Isnaeni, Isnaeni Alperi, Muzanip Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-04-09 Description An account of the resource This research is the development of guided discovery based electronic module that aims to know the eligibility level of e-modules and student responses to guided discovery-based electronic modules in redox reaction material. This electronic module uses the ADDIE development model. The research was conducted at one of the high schools in Bengkulu with the subject 9 students of X MIPA A Students for small scale trials and 30 students of X MIPA D Students for large scale trials. From the results of the research obtained (1) the percentage of the feasibility of e-modules on the material aspect is 86,315% while from the media aspect is 91.425% so that based on the results of validation by the E-module validator is declared very valid, (2) based on the test results of the small-scale student response percentage of 75.97 % with interesting category, while for large-scale trials of 84.48% with a very interesting category. From the results percentage, it can be concluded that e-module is suitable for use in learning. Electronic module based on guided discovery is an effective tool to help students in learning redox reaction subject. E-module can be accessed by smartphone or laptop. With this e-module, students can access the study material from everywhere without any time limitation. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21559 10.3991/ijim.v15i07.21559 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21559/9063 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Dewi Handayani, Elvinawati Elvinawati, Isnaeni Isnaeni, Muzanip Alperi Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 07 (2021); pp. 94-106 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource Electronic Modules Guided Discovery Redox Reaction Materials Title A name given to the resource Development Of Guided Discovery Based Electronic Module For Chemical Lessons In Redox Reaction Materials Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Prastiyono, Hendri Utaya, Sugeng Sumarmi, Sumarmi Astina, I Komang Amin, Saiful Aliman, Muhammad Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-04-09 Description An account of the resource This development study aims to 1) create a learning model that fuses e-learning, a mobile app, character building, and outdoor study and 2) determine the effectiveness of the EMCO learning model on student learning outcomes. This study uses a research and development design with the model of Dick and Carey. A product feasibility test is performed by the learning, media, and materials expert validators, and the product’s effectiveness is tested by students. The data analysis includes descriptive statistics to determine the product feasibility and an independent sample t-test to determine the effectiveness of the learning model. The results of the expert validation show that the EMCO model is in the very good category and does not need revision. The EMCO model has a learning syntax with four phases: LKPD (student worksheet), assessment instrument, learning media, and teaching materials. Results indicate that the EMCO learning model is effective in improving geography learning outcomes. The model has the advantages of 1) effective and innovative material delivery; 2) easy-to-use navigation keys to access the material; 3) attractive design; 4) availability of CBT (computer-based test); and 5) online learning media that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, and under any conditions. The research has a positive impact on students and is able to transform them into 21st-century learning agents. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21553 10.3991/ijim.v15i07.21553 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21553/9065 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Hendri Prastiyono, Sugeng Utaya, Sumarmi Sumarmi, I Komang Astina, Saiful Amin, Muhammad Aliman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 07 (2021); pp. 107-122 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource Development EMCO learning model geography learning outcomes Title A name given to the resource Development of E-Learning, Mobile Apps, Character Building, and Outdoor Study (EMCO Learning Model) to Improve Geography Outcomes in the 21st Century Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hardika, Hardika Aisyah, Eny Nur Listyaningrum, R. Anggia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-04-09 Description An account of the resource This study aims (1) to analyze the use of various disruptive community learning resources during the Covid-19 period in terms of characteristics, levels, and types of learning resources used by lecturers in lectures, and (2) to find out the differences in the use of various disruptive community learning resources during the Covid-19 period between fields of science at Universitas Negeri Malang. The research approach used quantitative with an ex post facto design. The respondents of this research were 393 students of Universitas Negeri Malang from eight faculties. The data was collected through a closed questionnaire distributed through the Google Form application technology. Data analysis was performed by using percentage description statistics and different tests of the use of learning resources between the sciences, social humanities, and engineering. The results of the analysis show that (1) the characteristics, levels, and types of disruptive community learning resources in the Covid-19 era used by lecturers in lectures vary widely, (2) there are significant differences in the use of various disruptive community learning resources during the Covid-19 period between science and social humanities students, and engineering. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21551 10.3991/ijim.v15i07.21551 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21551/9067 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Hardika Hardika, Eny Nur Aisyah, R. Anggia Listyaningrum Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 07 (2021); pp. 123-139 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource Community Learning Resources Fields of Science Life Based Learning Title A name given to the resource Utilization of Various Disruptive Community Learning Resources for the Covid-19 Period in the Perspective of Life Based Learning Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shestak, Viktor Gura, Alena Borisova, Uliana Kozlovskaya, Svetlana Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-06-04 Description An account of the resource The objectives of the study are to conduct a survey among students and teachers of Russian universities, which will determine their general attitude to the use of social networks in education; to identify the functions of social networks from the perspective of respondents; based on the results of both stages of the study, to determine the role of social networks in the educational process. Students and teachers of four Russian universities (MGIMO University, Kuban State Technological University, North-Eastern Federal University, Russian State Social University) took part in the survey. A total of 500 students and 100 teachers were interviewed. The results of the first part of the study showed that the attitude of students and teachers towards the use of social networks in education is generally positive. Both groups of respondents noted the advantages of introducing social networks into the educational process and also stated their willingness to increase their use. When using social networks in education, students can fill in special forms to indicate social network accounts to be subsequently used. Also, the administration of group chats can be taken under the control of the university for the purpose of a more structured exchange of information/educational materials. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21545 10.3991/ijim.v15i11.21545 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21545/9323 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Viktor Shestak, Alena Gura, Uliana Borisova, Svetlana Kozlovskaya Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 11 (2021); pp. 96-112 1865-7923 Title A name given to the resource The Role of Social Networks in the Organization of the Educational Process and Learning Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zhang, Xiaodong Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-25 Description An account of the resource Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) is popular worldwide. One related issue under discussion is how to effectively harness mobile devices to help English writers. This paper first unpacks writing as a meaning making process from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics. It then summarizes the major MALL-based studies on writing instruction, including the affordances and challenges of MALL-based writing instruction. This paper then discusses how to address challenges as identified in the existing studies on MALL-based writing instruction, centering on writing as a meaning making process. The paper ends with pedagogical tips for educators who are interested in using mobile technology to comprehensively improve students’ English writing construction across different contexts. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21519 10.3991/ijim.v15i10.21519 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21519/9267 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 xiaodong Zhang Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 10 (2021); pp. 194-207 1865-7923 Title A name given to the resource Mobile-Assisted Writing Instruction: Affordances, Challenges, and Future Directions Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aljedaani, Kholoud Abdulrahman Alnanih, Reem Abdulaziz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-06-18 Description An account of the resource Technology plays a major role in our daily lives. In healthcare, technology assists in treating and detecting diseases and can improve patients’ quality of life. Alzheimer’s disease patients are generally elderly people who suffer from disabilities in vision, hearing, speech, and movement. The disease is one of the most common types of dementia. This paper proposes a design for a mobile application with an adaptive user interface for Alzheimer’s patients based on an elderly model developed using grounded theory. The application aims to improve the patients’ quality of life and allow them to remain engaged in society. The design of the application is based on spaced retrieval therapy (SRT), a method that helps Alzheimer’s patients to recall specific pieces of important information. User-centered design method was used to design and build this application. In the requirements phase, a user model for elderly people was elicited based on a classification developed through grounded theory. The prototype for the proposed model was designed and developed considering the default user interfaces and the adaptive user interfaces. A test was conducted with 15 elderly Arab users. The participants were 50–74 years old with varying levels of education and experience with technology. The authors proposed a user model for elderly people containing all the design implications in terms of physical and cognitive changes. The results of testing with elderly Arab users supported the proposed user model in terms of colors, fonts, pictures, and symbols. However, there were problems with the menu design and color preferences. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21487 10.3991/ijim.v15i12.21487 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21487/9423 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Kholoud Abdulrahman Aljedaani, Reem Abdulaziz Alnanih Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 12 (2021); pp. 104-124 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource adaptive user interface spaced retrieval therapy (SRT) elderly people alzheimer’s disease user model grounded-theory Title A name given to the resource Grounded Theory for the Design of Mobile User Interfaces-Based on Space Retrieval Therapy Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ibrahim, Isam Aameer Mansour, Tahreer Safa's Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-07-28 Description An account of the resource Abstract—One of the major global issues today is the growing requirements for high-speed data transmission, energy consumption, and the huge volume of data utilized by a variety of multimedia applications such as video streaming, monitoring systems, and gaming. In this research, an analysis is carried out to study the design and evaluation of performance underwater OWC systems (UOWC) through medium communication link ranges to overcome absorption and scattering and to meet the requirements of a wide variety of optical wireless applications. Two modulation schemes of technology have been proposed in the UOWC system which is Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation with Direct Detection (DD) and the DPSK modulation with Coherent Detection (CD), both of them used Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based on different configurations of multi-input multi-output technology (MIMO).  The mathematical model has been proposed to calculate optimal beacon period (BI) and listen to the interval (LI) for preventing overlapping time between the signals and the required power is reduced. By using different types of water the simulation results are displayed the best performance of the UOWC system from link rang and receiver sensitivity. The simulation result of BER is equal 10-5, BI equal to 85ms, and LI equal to 108ms. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21427 10.3991/ijim.v15i14.21427 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21427/9599 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Isam Aameer Ibrahim, Tahreer Safa's Mansour Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 14 (2021); pp. 38-54 1865-7923 Title A name given to the resource Design and Evaluation Study of Performance of Optical Wireless Sensors Network for Achieving High Data Rate and Power Saving Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Al-Hunaiyyan, Ahmed Alhajri, Rana Al-Sharhan, Salah Bimba, Andrew Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-06-04 Description An account of the resource The state of Kuwait has implemented a national e-learning initiative that included the distribution of mobile devices (Tablets) to be used by students and educators. Understanding the obstacles which currently prevent a successful roll-out, implementation, and adoption of mobile learning methods in Kuwait is vital. The opportunities for learners are particularly essential in this respect, and an absence of research remains an issue as far as Kuwait is concerned. This research was carried out within Kuwait Higher Education (HE) facilities to assess students' opinions and motivations for adopting this form of learning, aiming to analyse its efficacy and explore the social factors and gender issues that might impact extending mobile learning (m-learning) potential throughout Kuwait. A questionnaire has been central to this research, sent out to 620 students in total. Two statistical methods, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and an independent-sample t-test, have been applied. The latter is essential for assessing if any statistical significance exists between two unrelated groups (male and female being the two independent variables). The results reveal disparities of age and gender while highlighting certain social and cultural factors that might prove to be obstacles that m-learning will need to overcome. A firm analysis of such issues will enable improved approaches to help learners' access and make the most robust m-learning methods. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21367 10.3991/ijim.v15i11.21367 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21367/9311 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan, Rana Alhajri, Salah Al-Sharhan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 11 (2021); pp. 4-20 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource Human Computer Interaction Mobile learning Gender Differences Higher Education Title A name given to the resource Human-Computer Interaction Perspective on Mobile Learning: Gender and Social Implications Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Al-Hunaiyyan, Ahmed Alhajri, Rana Bimba, Andrew Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-25 Description An account of the resource As governments and international bodies worldwide sought to prevent the spread of Covid-19, underdeveloped countries have been particularly challenged as they have little or no technological models and frameworks in place and the literature offers little guidance. The current research applied a quantitative approach to researching educational practitioners’ perceptions of e-learning acceptance, using a sample of 4,024 educators and students from a range of Kuwaiti educational institutions. Findings indicate that respondents were slightly supportive of e-learning adoption, with a majority acknowledging its advantages. However, respondents also mention the need for development in the technological competencies required to operate the proposed e-learning programs and a range of challenges that may impact e-learning. Hence, the authors propose a distance and blended learning model (DBLM) to enhance the implementation, utilisation, and evaluation of e-learning within the Kuwaiti educational system. Also, an e-learning teacher capability maturity model (eTCMM) was proposed to foster educators’ competencies and enable their active use of e-learning platforms. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21331 10.3991/ijim.v15i10.21331 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21331/9265 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan, Rana Alhajri, Andrew Bimba Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 10 (2021); pp. 173-193 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource Distance learning COVID-19 Pandemic e-learning Perceptions Modeling Competency Title A name given to the resource Towards an Efficient Integrated Distance and Blended Learning Model: How to Minimize the Impact of COVID-19 on Education Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Samann, Fady Esmat Fathel Abdulazeez, Adnan Mohsin Askar, Shavan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-06-18 Description An account of the resource Internet of Things (IoT) systems usually produce massive amounts of data, while the number of devices connected to the internet might reach billions by now. Sending all this data over the internet will overhead the cloud and consume bandwidth. Fog computing's (FC) promising technology can solve the issue of computing and networking bottlenecks in large-scale IoT applications. This technology complements the cloud computing by providing processing power and storage to the edge of the network. However, it still suffers from performance and security issues. Thus, machine learning (ML) attracts attention for enabling FC to settle its issues. Lately, there has been a growing trend in utilizing ML to improve FC applications, like resource management, security, lessen latency and power usage. Also, intelligent FC was studied to address issues in industry 4.0, bioinformatics, blockchain and vehicular communication system. Due to the ML vital role in the FC paradigm, this work will shed light on recent studies utilized ML in a FC environment. Background knowledge about ML and FC also presented. This paper categorized the surveyed studies into three groups according to the aim of ML implementation. These studies were thoroughly reviewed and compared using sum-up tables. The results showed that not all studies used the same performance metric except those worked on security issues. In conclusion, the simulations of proposed ML models are not sufficient due to the heterogeneous nature of the FC paradigm. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21313 10.3991/ijim.v15i12.21313 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria Relation A related resource https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/21313/9415 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 Fady Esmat Fathel Samann, Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 12 (2021); pp. 21-46 1865-7923 Subject The topic of the resource Fog Computing Machine Learning IoT Optimization Title A name given to the resource Fog Computing Based on Machine Learning: A Review Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article