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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>J. Arockia Mary</text>
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                <text>Alyosius, A.</text>
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                <text>Nowadays, mobile devices perform almost all tasks that can be performed by a computer but empties the battery and consumes memory. It is not necessary to execute the tasks on mobile devices; instead, it is executed in the far-away cloud. To save battery energy, the tasks are offloaded and hopped through several access points to reach the cloud and executed which increased the execution time of the task. Therefore, to save execution time and energy, the tasks are offloaded to a nearby cloudlet and as the device moves, the cloudlet and mobile device are disconnected. The mobile device is connected to the next cloudlet; while the offloaded tasks are partially executed in the previous cloudlet  VM migrates to the new cloudlet. The previous cloudlet examined the remaining execution time of the task. If it is less than the connection time, the task is finished and the result is transferred to the new cloudlet; otherwise, the task is offloaded to the new cloudlet. It is seen that the mobility and execution time aware task offloading model reduces the execution time and power consumption by 21-40% and 26-34% approximately to the existing mobility-aware offloading approach.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31589</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i15.31589</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31589/11815</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49851">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 J.Arockia Mary, Aloysius</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 15 (2022); pp. 30-45</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49854">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>VM-migration</text>
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                <text>mobile cloud computing</text>
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                <text>mobility aware</text>
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                <text>A Mobility and Execution Time Aware Task Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Mu’azah Md. Aziz</text>
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                <text>Yusuff Adeola Moshood</text>
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                <text>Ainul Maulid Ahmad</text>
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                <text>The use of Google Meet (GM) application for teaching and learning implementation online is one of the methods in the teaching manual that has been introduced by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE). This study aimed to identify the level of readiness of students and self-motivation by students when using the GM application as a medium for online learning Basic Computer subject in Higher Education Institution during pandemic Covid-19. A quantitative study was conducted with the participation of 43 students from Diploma level in Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (UniSHAMS). A set of questionnaires had been provided with three main categories consists of Online Learning Medium, Online Learning Method Using Application, and Relationship Between Online Learning Application’s Features with Self-Motivation. The findings of this study show that Online Learning Medium improves self-motivation and directly encourages students to adopt technology into their learning. Furthermore, learning application directly affects their self-motivation. Online learning medium, as mediated by online learning application, can affect self-motivation. The results suggested that MOHE must encourage the use of online learning application for teaching and learning in their schools to align with the technology growth rapidly.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31583</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i13.31583</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31583/11597</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49830">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Mu’azah Md. Aziz, Yusuff Adeola Moshood, Ainul Maulid Ahmad</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="49831">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49832">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 13 (2022); pp. 107-117</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49833">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49834">
                <text>Online Learning</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49835">
                <text>Google Meet Application</text>
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                <text>Self-Motivation</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49837">
                <text>The Effectiveness of Using Application as An Online Basic Computer Learning Medium in Higher Education Institution</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49839">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
                </elementText>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49793">
                <text>Riffi Boualam, Soukayna</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49794">
                <text>Ouaissa, Mariyam</text>
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                <text>Ouaissa, Mariya</text>
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                <text>Ezzouhairi, Abdellatif</text>
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                <text>2022-06-21</text>
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                <text>Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) are considered among recent wireless communication technologies. Nowadays, vehicles are no more than simple means of transport, they are endowed with a source of intelligence through their interaction with the road environment due to embedded equipment on board vehicles and integrated into stations along roads and highways. The mechanisms of security and protection of messages exchanged in VANET, thus preserving the privacy of users and satisfying the various security requirements, are a prerequisite for the deployment of vehicle networks. Increasingly, several research have been proposed to improve protocols for maintaining security and preserving privacy. This paper presents a hierarchical revocable infrastructure based privacy preservation authentication protocol for vehicles that involves authentication of each vehicle and the corresponding Road Side Unit (RSU) by a Certification Authority (CA). The proposed protocol used Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) algorithm for reliable key exchange and Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) to speed up the execution of the authentication process especially at the key management level, message signing and verification of this signature. On the other hand, the creation of sub-lists of revoked certificates based on vehicle type makes it possible to minimize the response time by looking for a certificate if it is revoked or not. Our solution was checked by the security verification tool, Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA), which indicated that it is a very secure level. Performance analysis illustrates that the protocol greatly saves computation resources.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31533</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i12.31533</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31533/11531</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49805">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Soukayna Riffi Boualam, Dr. Mariyam Ouaissa, Dr. Mariya Ouaissa, Prof. Dr. Abdellatif Ezzouhairi</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49807">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 12 (2022); pp. 52-71</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49808">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49809">
                <text>ITS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49810">
                <text>VANET</text>
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                <text>Privacy Preservation</text>
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                <text>Authentication</text>
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                <text>ECDH</text>
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                <text>EdDSA</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Privacy Preservation Authentication Model for a Secure Infrastructure over Vehicular Communications</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49770">
                <text>D, Deepa</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49771">
                <text>Jothi K R</text>
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                <text>2022-08-17</text>
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                <text>Fog extends the cloud to be closer to the end devices so that it acts on IoT data within a millisecond. Almost 60% of data can be analyzed that is physically near to the IoT data. This proximity has various advantages, including reduced latency, which improves the user experience. However, because the distance to a fog service may vary as a user moves from one location to another, user mobility may restrict such benefits in practice. A fog service migration is based on a mitigation approach that allows the service to always be close enough to a user. Quality of Service is decreased because of the mobility of the user’s location.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Predicting the future location in advance improves the efficiency of service provisioning. In this work, a dynamic mobility model is proposed to find the user location in advance. This experiment was carried out by LuST mobility data set collected by Luxembourg Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) Traffic (LuST). This result is give better accuracy of location prediction up to 98.87% when compared with existing methods.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49780">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Jothi K R, Deepa</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49781">
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 15 (2022); pp. 157-171</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Mobility</text>
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                <text>Location</text>
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                <text>Migration</text>
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                <text>Fog nodes</text>
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                <text>IoT</text>
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                <text>Effective Mobility Identification in Mobile Fog Environment with the Internet of Things</text>
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                <text>M, Sobhana</text>
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                <text>Vallabhaneni, Raga Sindhuja</text>
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                <text>India is an agricultural country, and farming is the most common occupation among Indians. Rice is a vital crop in the agricultural industry. Productivity has been declining for almost a decade. There are several causes for this, including fragmented land holdings, Indian farmer illiteracy, a lack of decision-making capacity in selecting excellent seeds, manure, and irrigational infrastructure. One of the major reasons for rice crop failure is due to malnutrition. Rice, maybe in particular, lacking in nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nutrient deficiency detection in crops is necessary to plan further actions to enhance yield. Most studies have relied on the use of transfer learning models for agricultural uses. Ensembling of different transfer learning techniques has the ability to greatly increase the predictive model’s performance. Five transfer learning architectures InceptionV3, Xception, VGG16, Resnet50, and MobileNet are all taken into account, and their different ensemble models are used to perform deficiency detection in rice plants. The mobile application was created as a user-friendly interface to assist farmers. The accurate diagnosis of these nutritional deficiencies and recommendation of fertilizer could aid farmers in providing correct plant intervention.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31497</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31497/11877</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49757">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Sobhana M, Raga Sindhuja Vallabhaneni, Tejaswi Vasireddy, Durgesh Polavarpu</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 16 (2022); pp. 100-112</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49760">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49761">
                <text>Ensemble Averaging</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49762">
                <text>Inception V3</text>
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                <text>MobileNet</text>
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                <text>Nutrient Deficiency</text>
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                <text>Transfer Learning.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Deep Ensemble Mobile Application for Recommendation of Fertilizer Based on Nutrient Deficiency in Rice Plants Using Transfer Learning Models</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Liu, Xiao</text>
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                <text>Abu Samah, Norazrena</text>
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                <text>Md Salleh, Shaharuddin</text>
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                <text>Creative thinking skills play an important role in Business English writing, but university students are not creative enough due to the overemphasis of knowledge input in traditional Business English writing classroom in mainland China. To solve this problem, this study involves in the mobile learning environment as the medium. By encouraging students to practice various self-regulated learning strategies while studying the learning content designed under the guidance of Production-Oriented Approach via the mobile app Superstar, this study aims to develop a theoretical framework and consequently promote students’ creative thinking skills in Business English writing. Students reported increased self-regulated learning ability after the experiment. It is found that there is a significant positive relationship between online self-regulated learning and creative thinking and students’ creative thinking skills are significantly improved in post-test. Among all the nine self-regulated writing strategies, goal-oriented monitoring and evaluation, idea planning, and emotional control are the most important predictors of students’ creative thinking levels. &amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31477</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31477/11817</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49734">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Xiao Liu, Norazrena Abu Samah, Shaharuddin Md Salleh</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="49735">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 15 (2022); pp. 46-61</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49737">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49738">
                <text>Creative thinking</text>
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                <text>Business English Writing</text>
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                <text>Self-regulated learning</text>
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                <text>The  Impact of Using a Mobile App on Improving Students’ Creative Thinking in Business English Writing with Self-regulated Learning</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49698">
                <text>Imtiaz, Humera</text>
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                <text>Mohd Suki, Norazah</text>
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                <text>Mobile travel apps have revolutionised the way people book flights, hotels, and excursions, as well as how travel firms contact clients. This study examines tourists’ perception of mobile travel apps engagement in Pakistan. A field intercept survey was distributed to 500 respondents approached at tourism sites with a high flow of tourists in Northern Pakistan. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and conﬁrmatory factor analysis (CFA) the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach using Smart-PLS 3.0 software. The EFA analysis by using the principal component method of extraction and the varimax method of rotation yielded five factors. Respondents heavily emphasize item TS2 “I am very satisfied with the mobile travel apps” of tourist satisfaction factor. Likewise, this item emerged as the most dominant in the CFA analysis, followed by item TS3 "I am happy with the mobile travel apps", and item TS4 "I am satisfied with the way mobile travel app organizes the trip". The findings are vital to advancing extant mobile travel apps engagement research, while also guiding their developers to better design mobile travel apps to boost tourists’ trust and satisfaction. Direction for further research is furnished.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31445</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v16i14.31445</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49706">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31445/11771</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49708">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Humera Imtiaz, Norazah Mohd Suki</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49710">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 14 (2022); pp. 171-181</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>VANET ("vehicular ad hoc network") is a type of networks that consist of many vehicles acting as moving nodes. They are connected with other vehicles through an ad hoc wireless network so as to increase traffic security and provide relaxation to road users. Sending the messages to the final destination in VANETs is a challenging mission because of its relatively high mobility and dynamism. The clustering technique addresses such issues, as it gathers vehicles based upon several predefined metrics such us density, speed, and physical vehicles locations. Clustering in VANET is one of the controller techniques for dynamic form. In this paper, a new method is presented for clustering that suits the VANET environment with the purpose of improving the network cluster&amp;nbsp; stability. This method takes a number of parameters into consideration, such as the coverage area and speed to make the cluster structure comparatively stable. In addition, and advance is obtained in tems of the cluster-head selections algorithm, and the data exchange is improved through clusters.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Hawraa abd Al_kadum Hassan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 12 (2022); pp. 137-144</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>A Simulation Approach to Improve the VANETs Communication</text>
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                <text>Bratić, Diana</text>
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                <text>According to the OpenType standard, variable font is a single font file which contains all style versions of one typeface family, as opposed to standard font families that use different files for each style version. Therefore, they are suitable for use on web because one file with all the necessary typeface styles is significantly smaller in size than classic families with multiple files. This shortens the font loading time, which enables wide range of typographical use on various devices. This paper investigates the readability of handwritten variable fonts in a responsible web environment on four screen sizes: extra small, small, medium, and large. Seven letter cuts were made from basic monoline handwritten font: thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold. This paper presents model of readability evaluation using the fuzzy logic based postprocessing method for segmentation values related to evaluation criteria. Linguistic variable’s values are used to rate readability level against each of the criteria i.e., attributes. Prototype of a variable handwritten fonts are tested in responsive web environment, using CSS technology. The results show that readability evaluation has measurable output because the score combine various numeral factors affecting the readability of particular letter cut.&amp;nbsp; Also, the results indicate that this type of font is not suitable for displays on extra small and medium screens such as mobile phones and tablets. That knowledge opens advanced possibilities to designers when designing for web because variable handwritten fonts are relatively simple, uniform and easily manageable. Using of proposed model in short time can show readability level of some font type on a new web.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Diana Bratić, Nikolina Stanić Loknar, Tajana Koren Ivančević</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 11 (2022); pp. 121-135</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Readability Evaluation of Variable Handwritten Fonts on Different Screen Sizes Using Fuzzy Logic</text>
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                <text>Bratić, Diana</text>
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                <text>Stanić Loknar, Nikolina</text>
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                <text>Koren Ivančević, Tajana</text>
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                <text>Handwritten fonts are appealing to designers, but their application in web design can cause a readability problems. Different handwritten letter cuts in different font sizes are not equally readable on all screen types. The problem often occurs on extra small devices such as mobile phones. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the combination of the font type and appropriate font size that will ensure responsiveness and be readable on different devices, especially the small ones. For this purpose, a study of readability of monoline handwritten font in seven letter cuts (thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold) in several font sizes was conducted. Variable font was used because it contains all style versions of one typeface family, as opposed to standard font families that use different files for each style version. Also, variable font is suitable for use on web because one file with all the necessary typeface styles is significantly smaller in size than classic families with multiple files which shortens the font loading time. Furthermore, model of readability evaluation using the fuzzy logic based postprocessing method for segmentation values related to evaluation criteria is proposed. Prototype of a variable handwritten fonts are tested in responsive web environment, using CSS technology. The results show that handwritten font size readability evaluation has measurable output because the score combine various numeral factors affecting the readability of particular font size in several letter cuts.&amp;nbsp; Using of proposed model in short time can show readability level of some font type in some font size on a new responsive web suitable for different screen sizes, including extra small devices.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/31135/11261</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Diana Bratić, Nikolina Stanić Loknar, Tajana Koren Ivančević</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 09 (2022); pp. 93-106</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>artificial intelligence, responsive web, mobile pohones, letter cut, variable font</text>
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                <text>Fuzzy Logic-Based Evaluation Model of Handwritten Font Sizes Readability on Extra Small Devices</text>
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