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&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i3.171</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:3 What kind of Europe: Multiculturalism, Migration and Political Community – Lessons from Canada (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>Introduction: What kind of Europe: Multiculturalism, Migration and Political Community – Lessons from Canada (?)</text>
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                <text>The most powerful tool of EU foreign policy in dealing with potential candidate countries (and beyond) is that of political conditionality. The successes of this policy, as well as its spectacular failures, have been largely well documented by the political science research community. Far less research, however, goes into explaining the scenarios where the EU goes “beyond conditionality” (Teokarevic 2003) in its dealings with potential candidates for membership in the EU. The goal of this paper is to explain the extremely intensive and pro-active EU involvement in the drafting of the Constitution of Serbia and Montenegro and the subsequent attempts by Brussels to determine the future nature of the union between these neighboring republics. In answering this question the paper looks at the history of EU’s involvement in the region and attempts to provide a theoretical framework that can best provide the explanation for the motivation of EU’s policy makers to utilize such a direct strategy of involvement that goes far “beyond conditionality”.
Full text available: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i2.170</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:2 The European Union External and Security Relations (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>“Rolling Up the Sleeves”1 How EU policy towards Serbia and Montenegro acts as the glue that holds the State Union together?</text>
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                <text>Zhyznomirska, Lyubov</text>
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                <text>Since the 1990s, the EU has been gradually transferring to neighbouring countries parts of the burden of securing its internal order from illegal migrants, terrorists, criminal groups and other “threats.” It has done so using policy transfers and foreign relations mechanisms. The European Union, seeking to create an “area of freedom, security, and justice” in the region, exports the burden of migration management to its neighbouring countries and thus creates security threats – if not real then perceived – for these countries. The case of Ukraine demonstrates that EU policies of shifting the burden of international migration management to its neighbours can destabilize the societal security of countries that lack the experience and instruments to effectively deal with migration. Rather than shifting the burden of responsibility to the neighbouring states, the EU should prioritize co-operation and assistance to expand the area of freedom, justice and security on the European continent.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i2.169</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Mérand, Frédéric</text>
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                <text>not available
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i2.167</text>
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                <text>Zyla, Benjamin</text>
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                <text>Soon after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, the Bush administration announced a new national security strategy. Soon thereafter, this strategic document was denounced in European capitals as ‘cowboyesk’ and isolationist. Particular dislike was announced about the strategy of pre-emption in domestic affairs of other states. Under this plan Washington reserved the right to send U.S. soldiers abroad to intervene in countries before they can pose a threat to the United States. In addition, many officials in Europe rejected Washington’s assertion of withdrawing from its membership in the international criminal court, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and the Kyoto Protocol; it was perceived as a unilateralist foreign policy that rejects America’s responsibility in the world. However, what some analysts and commentators neglect to see is that the Bush doctrine also shows elements of Wilsonianism, a policy named after former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson who stood for promoting democracy, human rights, freedom and effective in international affairs. The European Union published their first security strategy a year after the U.S. published theirs. Interestingly, Brussels advocated similar strategies and concepts to the US strategy. Similarities can be see in both strategies in their messianic approach to create a better world and promote more international oder. This paper argues that despite the unilateralist tone of the current U.S. national security policy, the European strategy and its American counterpart share the same values of how to conduct and what to achieve in international affairs. Consequently, the two strategies can be seen as complementary to each other, not contradictory. The paper will first address the nature of the U.S. national security strategy before analyzing the European security strategy while making reference, in both cases, to the Wilsonian tradition of international affairs.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i2.168</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>How the EU supports the Bush doctrine</text>
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                  <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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                <text>Soroka, Ihor</text>
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                <text>The question of whether or not to adopt the euro is a very important one, not only for the 13 European Union members that do not share the same currency, but also for future EU candidates. Current literature on the effect of the euro on trade is scarce since the European Monetary Union (EMU) was officially created in 1999, and up until recently there has not been enough data to analyze this issue. This paper aims to estimate the effect of the euro on trade between member countries using the standard gravity model of trade. Using data from current 25 EU members over the period from 1997 to 2004, I show that higher trade volumes between EMU members cannot be attributed to the adoption of the euro. I find evidence that the euro adoption has had a short-run effect on bilateral trade and that this effect is eliminated over a short period of time. My findings suggest that members of the EMU trade on average from 8.8% to 47% more compared to non-members depending on the type of regression used, while members of the Free Trade Agreement trade 61.3% more. The effect of the euro on trade is eliminated as soon as I control for country-pair specific effects that include the FTA effect as well as history of trade relations between two countries. I conclude that the adoption of the euro should be seen as a final step in the European economic and monetary integration for countries that already benefit from relatively high volumes of bilateral trade.
Full text availale at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.166</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2411</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:1 European Economic and Monetary Governance (backfile abstracts)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57920">
                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1</text>
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                <text>The Effect of Membership in the European Monetary Union on Trade Between Member Countries (An Empirical Study)</text>
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                  <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57899">
                <text>Diawara, Karounga</text>
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                <text>2006-03-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les objectifs de la politique de la concurrence au Canada et en Europe relativement à l’objectif d’intégration des marchés intérieur. L’auteur montre que les politiques canadienne et européenne en matière de concurrence n’ont pas les mêmes orientations quant à l’objectif d’intégration des marchés intérieurs. Tandis qu’en Europe, la législation antitrust constitue un moyen pour parvenir à l’objectif essentiel d’édification d’un marché intérieur; au Canada, les règles de la concurrence visent d’abord et avant tout à promouvoir l’efficience économique et à lutter contre le gaspillage des ressources économiques rares. Dans la première partie, l’auteur met en exergue cette différence d’orientation en insistant sur les contextes constitutionnels et historiques qui expliquent cette différence. Dans la seconde partie, l’auteur analyse la nature juridique différente des deux regroupements d’États qui constitue le fondement principal de cette différence. L’auteur démontre que la nature économique du Traité CE a facilité, dès le début, une politique européenne de la concurrence tournée vers l’érection d’un marché intérieur ouvert et concurrentiel. Alors qu’au Canada, la nature politique de la fédération n’a pas permis d’orienter la politique de concurrence vers l’intégration des marchés provinciaux.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.165</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2408</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1.2408</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57904">
                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:1 European Economic and Monetary Governance (backfile abstracts)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57906">
                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57908">
                <text>Politique de la concurrence et intégration des marchés intérieurs : analyse comparative entre les perspectives canadienne et européenne (U.E)</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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  <item itemId="2701" public="1" featured="0">
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                <elementText elementTextId="57791">
                  <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57884">
                <text>Viju, Crina</text>
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                <text>Nolan, James</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57886">
                <text>Kerr, William A.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57887">
                <text>2006-03-01</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57888">
                <text>The accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the European Union (EU) is assessed from the perspective of market integration in key agricultural sectors. An empirical investigation is conducted using monthly data for two periods: from 1975:01-1994:12 (the pre-EU period) and 1995:01-2004:12 (post-EU period). The existence of market integration both within the countries and within the EU is tested using time-series methods. A long-run equilibrium between prices for the same good in different markets does not exclude the possibility of short-run deviations in the individual data, so part of this analysis consists of estimating an econometric model (error correction) to uncover long-run effects of price deviations. Only a subset of agricultural prices moves together after EU integration.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.164</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57889">
                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2407</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57890">
                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1.2407</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57891">
                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57892">
                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:1 European Economic and Monetary Governance (backfile abstracts)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57893">
                <text>2562-8429</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57894">
                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57895">
                <text>Common Markets Measuring Price Integration in European Agricultural Markets</text>
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                  <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57871">
                <text>Paudyn, Bartholomew</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Fiscal profligacy poses a high risk to the credibility of Europe common monetary policy and its ultimate objective of price stability. Unfortunately, the aim of preventing fiscally responsible states from being penalized by those with lax budgetary policies via inflationary pressures and interest rates is jeopardized as members breach the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Moreover, there are major institutional inconsistencies in how states are treated under the current framework as is exemplified by the November 2003 ECONFIN crisis. What is witnessed is an antagonistic relationship between the programmatic and operational dimensions of monetary governance. Does the fact that half the members who have adopted the euro have also breached its rules signal that surveillance as regulation is being displaced as a mode of governance? It calls for a re-imaged spatial-temporal explanation of governance to adequately capture the political economy of EMU. At the core of EMU management are risk and uncertainty based modes of governing. Employing a governmentality approach, I argue that the audit is one prominent style of processing and institutionalizing risk as an aggregate future of monetary activity. By altering the administration and objects of risk governance the audit is perceived as reducing the susceptibility to failure. Hence, it has a performative function that extends beyond simply measuring deficit or debt to GDP performance and acts as a social and institutional process structuring a homogenous set of fiscal practices.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.163
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2402</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1.2402</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57877">
                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:1 European Economic and Monetary Governance (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1</text>
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                <text>Risking the Stability of EMU: the Asymmetric Application of the Stability and Growth Pact</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="57791">
                  <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57857">
                <text>Paudyn, Bartholomew</text>
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                <text>Hüebner, Kurt</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57859">
                <text>2006-03-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>not available
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.162</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2400</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57862">
                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1.2400</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57863">
                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57864">
                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2006: RERA V2:1 European Economic and Monetary Governance (backfile abstracts)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57865">
                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v2i1</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Common Markets and Common Currency: EU Integration and Its Outcomes</text>
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