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                <text>Rossmiller, Ela</text>
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                <text>Review of the following books:
Gal, Susan and Gail Kligman. 2000. The Politics of Gender After Socialism: A Comparative Historical Essay. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Galligan, Yvonne, Sara Clavero, and Marina Calloni. 2007. Gender Politics and Democracy in Post-Socialist Europe. Opladen, Germany: Barbara Budrich Publishers.
Guenther, Katja M. 2010. Making Their Place: Feminism After Socialism in Eastern Germany. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.215</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2476</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1.2476</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:1 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>Review Essay : Gender Politics in Post-Socialist Central Eastern Europe</text>
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                <text>Matijasevich, David</text>
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                <text>Outside of some states still struggling with post-communist transitions, Europe itself may be the first European democracy to collapse in decades. Though never a bastion of participatory democracy and even subject to continuous criticism due to its democratic deficit, the European Union (EU) has provided hope to those who envision a post-national democratic political community. As such, whether the EU survives its present crisis or not, cosmopolitan democrats will look to the EU as a vindication of their ideals. Though perhaps surprising given their track record, this paper will argue that political scientists, especially those concerned with democratization, can also be optimistic about what the EU has brought to the table in terms of how we conceive processes of democratic development. Throughout the paper it will be demonstrated that the creation and maintenance of the European democracy has challenged much of the literature's fundamental assumptions of what makes democracy work. Five key lessons from the European democratic experience will be presented in an attempt to disrupt some of these assumptions including lessons regarding the diversity of the demos, the contingency of democratic upkeep, the challenges of the state, the role of elites in political transformation, and the necessity of exclusion within inclusive spaces. Though a general theory of democracy will not be presented, suggestions will be made as to how we can incorporate some of these lessons into the dominant approaches to democracy found in the literature.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.214</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2475</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:1 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1</text>
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                <text>Five Lessons from European Democracy</text>
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                <text>Madularea, Adina</text>
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                <text>2012-08-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In April 2010, the most recent process was initiated regarding the revision of law on the acquisition of Belgian nationality. A strong debate on the subject had been going on during 2010 - 2011. This research paper focuses on the positions held by different political parties and representatives with regard to the main issues included in numerous amendments brought to the existing Belgian Nationality Code. Looking at the way in which different aspects have been formulated and debated will provide insights about the stakes of different political actors involved and the process of political negotiation on a very sensitive territory, namely that of citizenship granting in a country with a federal government and a significant cleavage between its main ethnic groups.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.213</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2474</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1.2474</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:1 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1</text>
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                <text>Le Code de la Nationalite Belge: A Citizenship Law in the Making</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58598">
                <text>Gurzu, Anca</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58599">
                <text>2012-08-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Critics have often highlighted that the 1999 Tampere decision to establish a common European Union (EU) asylum system has been too focused on security and not enough on human rights, leading to increased denial of protection for asylum seekers. This paper focuses on a controversial asylum policy, which is part of this debate: the safe country of origin (SCO) policy. This policy revolves around having a list of countries deemed "safe" which ensures asylum seekers from these countries are fast tracked through the system and likely denied asylum in the end, based on a general assumption that the application is unfounded. Human rights groups have argued the SCO policy violates the Geneva Convention. Widely used at the national level, officials proposed the creation of a supranational SCO list in the early 2000s. However, disagreements among Member States over what countries to deem “safe" as well as the need to place the European Parliament in a co-decision (as opposed to consultative) position for the creation of the EU SCO list have led to an impasse. This paper employs two major European integration theories, neofunctionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, to explain the bargaining dynamics between Member States and their failure to agree on what “safe" means. Factors such as different national migratory pressures, varied procedural understandings and applications of the SCO policy, a limited successful harmonization in related asylum policies, along with a reluctance to have the European Parliament in a co-decision position all contributed to the non-adoption of a supranational SCO list.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.212</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2473</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1.2473</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:1 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>Safe Country of Origin List at the EU Level: The Bargaining Process and the Implications</text>
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                <text>Ghazaryan, Narine</text>
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                <text>The paper traces the evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) since its origins until the present day. The ENP was initiated in 2003 attracting vast institutional and scholarly interest in its various aspects. The extraordinary events of the Arab Spring revolutions in the Southern neighbourhood prompted a renewed interest towards the ENP despite the internal economic turmoil faced by the European Union (EU) and its Member States. The EU institutions undertook a substantive revision of the policy in 2011 in addition to the regional split that had taken place previously. The legal framework of the ENP, comprising its objectives, methodology and instruments, is analysed to reveal the various stages of the existence of the policy and the shortcomings undermining its success. The initial stage of policy formation, the subsequent impact of the Treaty of Lisbon, and the most current state of affairs with a regional emphasis will be addressed in sequence.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.211</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2472</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1.2472</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:1 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i1</text>
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                <text>The Evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Current Challenges of a Disintegrated Neighbourhood</text>
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                <text>The mid and late 2000s witnessed a proliferation of political parties in European party systems. Marxist, Libertarian, Pirate, and Animal parties, as well as radical-right and populist parties, have become part of an increasingly heterogeneous political spectrum generally dominated by the mainstream centre-left and centre-right. The question this article explores is what led to the surge of these parties during the first decade of the 21st century. While it is tempting to look at structural arguments or the recent late-2000s financial crisis to explain this proliferation, the emergence of these parties predates the debt-crisis and can not be described by structural shifts alone . This paper argues that the proliferation of new radical parties came about not only as a result of changes in the political space, but rather due to the very perceived presence and even strengthening of what Katz and Mair (1995) famously dubbed the "cartelization" of mainstream political parties.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.210</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:1 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>Tribunes and Patricians: Fringe Parties in the 21st Century</text>
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                <text>This paper explores how European integration impacts the national identities of Member States. Identity is an amorphous concept, and so this paper focuses on one dimension of it: the perception of the relative status of the nation that nationalized individuals possess. Perceptions of relative national status flow from the fact that the international system is characterized by hierarchy, competition, and concerns for relative gains and losses. A key motivation for the foreign policies of lower status nations is equality with higher status ones, and for the former, European integration is often perceived in equalizing terms. But, this perception of Europe as equalizer often does not correspond with objectively unequal power relations in Europe. This paper focuses on why, among nationalized individuals, perceptions of power differentials change, even though objectively the unequal inter-state power relations may remain unchanged. The case study is Italy entering the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union in 1999, which was perceived by many Italians in equalizing terms, even though the unequal power relations between Italy and Europe's elite countries remained objectively the same.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.219</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:2 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i2</text>
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                <text>Vicarious Evaluation: How European Integration Changes National Identities</text>
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                <text>Tamik, Merli</text>
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                <text>Since 2000, the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) has become a policy approach increasingly used in the European policy making process. By focusing on research policy, this study examines the ways in which the OMC and the mutual learning initiatives have influenced the wider policy discourse in the European Union. The paper argues that it is important to think about the contributions of the OMC in research policy in more broad and fundamental ways. This theory-guided study takes an empirical approach to the OMC, providing significant evidence on mutual learning effects analyzed in terms of developing an authentic dialogue, shaping policy discourse, shaping policy networks and facilitating collaborative learning. The analysis reveals that the OMC changes the ways in which the representatives from the Member States and the European Commission contribute to research policy, leading to a promising foundation for further policy enhancement.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.218</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:2 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>Rethinking the Open Method of Coordination: Mutual Learning Initiatives Shaping the European Research Enterprise</text>
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                <text>King, Conrad</text>
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                <text>This article asks how ideas have mattered for the establishment of policy goals for the Europe 2020 Strategy. I argue that despite the specification of new environmental and social targets, the overall policy goals of Europe 2020 remain consistent with the 2000 Lisbon Agenda because the European Council and the European Commission have had resilient causal beliefs about the challenges of globalization, as well as the appropriate responses to these challenges. Using Alan Jacobs's theory of mental models and attention heuristics, this article describes the connection between neo-schumpetarian ideas and the policy outcomes of Europe 2020, particularly in the domains of innovation and education policy. Establishing this connection is an essential first step to explain precisely how ideas can determine and maintain the policy preferences of particular EU actors, a direction for future research.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.217</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:2 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v7i2</text>
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                <text>Mental Models and the Europe 2020 Strategy: Neo-schumpetarian Ideas in Innovation and Education</text>
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                <text>Olender, Michael</text>
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                <text>This article applies Moravscik's ideational liberalism to outline domestic and international influences on German state preference formation since the introduction of the euro and discusses the trends that distinguish German policy making and why they matter in the development of sustainable solutions to the ongoing euro crisis. The German government's ideational commitments to the European project and ordoliberal principles are found to be significant determinants in preference formation, but while its commitment to Europe has remained stable over time, its commitment to ordoliberalism has wavered. The government prefers to advance European integration in line with ordoliberal principles, though in times of crisis it hardens its ordoliberal stance. This article argues that Germany will go to great lengths to keep the Eurozone intact because it is part of a grand political project, but the government's prescription for fiscal austerity, which is underpinned by ordoliberal principles, sometimes exacerbates the euro crisis. Policy recommendations that favour flexibility are offered for Germany and other Eurozone countries.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.216</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2466</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2012: RERA V7:2 Special ECSA-C Conference Issue (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>Germany's Euro Crisis: Preferences, Management, and Contingencies</text>
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