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                <text>Chakrabarti, Sumit</text>
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                <text>The essay takes up the issue of postcolonial representation in terms of a critique of European modernism that has been symptomatic of much postcolonial theoretical debates in the recent years. It tries to enumerate the epistemic changes within the paradigm of postcolonial theoretical writing that began tentatively with the publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism in 1978 and has taken a curious postmodern turn in recent years with the writings of Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha. The essay primarily focuses on Bhabha’s concepts of ambivalence and mimicry and his politics of theoretical anarchism that take the representation debate to a newer height vis-ŕ-vis modes of religious nationalism and Freudian psychoanalysis. It is interesting to see how Bhabha locates these within a postmodern paradigm.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2012); 5-21</text>
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                <text>Moving beyond Edward Said: Homi Bhabha and the Problem of Postcolonial Representation</text>
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                <text>It is more than probable that the Commonwealth Games in 2014 will be used by the Scottish government as a tool in the battle for independence. For the Scottish National Party (SNP), sport events constitute another opportunity to underline Scottish autonomy. During the last Olympic Games, SNP ministers refused to use the name “Team GB” in their message to the Scottish athletes. Nurturing Scottish pride during the Games has already begun, with the official mascot—the Clyde Thistle, which is Scotland’s national flower and emblem. The mascot of the Commonwealth Games has never waved the patriotic flag as it does now.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2013); 75-85</text>
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                <text>Commonwealth Games and Their Impact on Scotland’s Future in or outside the United Kingdom</text>
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                <text>The aim of this article is to show how sport can matter in international relations. Sport can be a subject or a tool of international relations. It can be used by states or geopolitical blocks to display their alleged superiority or any other desired characteristic. Governments may desire athletic victories, which are meant to imply, for example, the power of the state and its political and economic system. Participation in sport can also be used for political reasons on an international scale; a number of political objectives can be achieved by states by participating (or not) in sports events. Not only is sport affected by a country’s policies, but on certain occasions sports events can influence states.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/6867</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2013); 49-74</text>
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                <text>Sport in International Relations. Expectations, Possibilities and Effects</text>
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                <text>This article explores the development in Bolivia under president Evo Morales, through a critical postcolonial approach. From a traditional liberal perspective, this article concludes that the liberal democratic system under Morales has not been deepening, though certain new participatory aspects of democracy, including socio-economic reforms have been carried out. In contrast, this article analyses to what extent the presidency of Evo Morales may be seen as the end of the postcolonialism, and the beginning of a new era in which Bolivia’s indigenous people finally have been incorporated into the forward development of a multi-ethnic society. By analysing issues such as time, nation, land, space, globalization and language, the conclusion is that the new constitution marks a fresh beginning, one beyond the colonial and postcolonial eras, for indigenous groups, but it will not bring back the old indigenous societies as was dominating the territory of today’s modern state.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2013); 33-48</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 15 Nr 1 (2013); 33-48</text>
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                <text>Bolivia under the Left-Wing Presidency of Evo Morales—Indigenous People and the End of Postcolonialism?</text>
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                <text>The “facts” of international politics constitute the first-order representations of political life and can be reflected in popular entertainment as second-order or fictional representations. This article demonstrates that discourses of popular culture are powerful and implicated in International Relations (IR) studies. The article makes two correlated claims: the first is that the humanist and anthropological methodology often used to analyse pop culture could also be used to analyse international issues, if appropriately contextualized; the second claim is that a nation can manifest its ‘discourse’ in international politics via its popular culture, as soft power.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2013); 21-33</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 15 Nr 1 (2013); 21-33</text>
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                <text>Popular Culture</text>
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                <text>International Relations</text>
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                <text>Harry Potter</text>
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                <text>The Currency of Fantasy: Discourses of Popular Culture in International Relations</text>
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                <text>Milewska-Pindor, Nadina</text>
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                <text>This article presents a short history of the origin and creation of the Almanac “Women and Russia,” which began as a samizdat underground publication devoted to the problem of women and childrearing in the USSR. The idea for creating such an Almanac originated in the mid 1970s in the Leningrad circle of ‘unofficial culture’, at the initiative of the artist Tatyana Mamonova, religious philosopher Tatyana Goricheva, and the women author Natasha Malachovska. The women writers featured in the first edition of the Almanac addressed not only questions about the social conditions prevailing in the USSR, but above all exposed the consequences for women living and functioning ina patriarchal social order, and ironically one where all the questions concerning ‘women’s rights’ were deemed to have been resolved in a progressive fashion much earlier. Not only is the substance of the Almanac important, but the circumstances surrounding its publication and the subsequent consequences related to its publishing also reveal the state of the ‘women’s movement’ in the USSR of that time. These include the reactions of the representatives of the dissident culture, the interventions of the security apparatus and the attendant repression of the women activists and its effect on their lives, and the support of feminist organizations from abroad. Each of the afore-mentioned reactions and consequences became an element of and shaped the everyday lives of the activists involved in the creation of the Almanac. The events related in this work confirm the opinion of those researchers who consider that the publication of the Almanac marked the beginning of the resurrection of the feminist movement in Russia.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/6862</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/6862/6438</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="70431">
                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2013); 5-20</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 15 Nr 1 (2013); 5-20</text>
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                <text>Almanac “Women and Russia”</text>
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                <text>feminist movement in Soviet Russia</text>
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                <text>The Almanac “Woman and Russia” and the Soviet Feminist Movement at the end of the 1970s</text>
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                <text>Wing Bo Tso, Anna</text>
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                <text>Cross-dressing, as a cultural practice, suggests gender ambiguity and allows freedom of self expression. Yet, it may also serve to reaffirm ideological stereotypes and the binary distinctions between male and female, masculine and feminine, homosexual and heterosexual. To explore the nature and function of cross-dressing in Chinese and Western cultures, this paper analyzes the portrayals of cross-dressing heroines in two Chinese stories:《木蘭辭》 The Ballad of Mulan (500–600 A.D.), and 《梁山伯與祝英台》The Butterfly Lovers (850–880 A.D.). Distorted representations in the English translated texts are also explored.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/6786</text>
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                <text>10.2478/ipcj-2014-0008</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/6786/6377</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2014); 111-124</text>
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                <text>Female Cross-Dressing in Chinese Literature Classics and their English Versions</text>
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                <text>Despite the shifting ideologies of gender of the seventeenth century, the arrival of the first actresses caused deep social anxiety: theatre gave women a voice to air grievances and to contest, through their own bodies, traditional gender roles. This paper studies two of the best-known actresses, Nell Gwyn and Anne Bracegirdle, and the different public personae they created to negotiate their presence in this all—male world. In spite of their differing strategies, both women gained fame and profit in the male—dominated theatrical marketplace, confirming them as the ultimate “gender benders,” who appropriated the male role of family’s supporter and bread-winner.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2014); 97-110</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 16 Nr 1 (2014); 97-110</text>
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                <text>Actresses</text>
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                <text>How to Represent Female Identity on the Restoration Stage: Actresses (Self) Fashioning</text>
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                <text>Zadie Smith’s latest novel, NW, presents a multiverse in chich multiplicity is driven into homogeneization by the forces of those dominant discourses that attempt to suppress the category of the “Other.” This paper focuses on the development of the two female protagonists. Their opposing attitudes towards motherhood, together with their confrontation with their origins, bring to the fore the performativity found in the discourses of gender, sexuality, class, and race. Thus, this paper will explore authenticity and performativity in a contemporary context, where patriarchal and neocolonial discourses still apply.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2014); 83-95</text>
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                <text>‘In Drag’: Performativity and Authenticity in Zadie Smith’s "NW"</text>
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                <text>Sarnou, Dalal</text>
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                <text>“It is important to stress that a variety of positions with respect to feminism, nation, religion and identity are to be found in Anglophone Arab women’s writings. This being the case, it is doubtful whether, in discussing this literary production, much mileage is to be extracted from over emphasis of the notion of its being a conduit of ‘Third World subaltern women.’” (Nash 35) Building on Geoffrey Nash’s statement and reflecting on Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of minor literature and Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderland(s), we will discuss in this paper how the writings of Arab Anglophone women are specific minor and borderland narratives within minor literature(s) through a tentative (re)localization of Arab women’s English literature into distinct and various categories. By referring to various bestselling English works produced by Arab British and Arab American women authors, our aim is to establish a New taxonomy that may fit the specificity of these works.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/6780</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2014); 65-81</text>
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                <text>Narratives of Arab Anglophone Women and the Articulation of a Major Discourse in a Minor Literature</text>
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