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                  <text>International Studies - Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal       </text>
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                <text>Deyassa, Kassaye</text>
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                <text>China’s role as an emerging aid provider and the concept of a social plan in Africa has led to polarised responses in the West. Several say that this “productivist” strategy is much less determined by the concepts of citizenship, legal, social rights, and much more regarding building functions. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the welfare and social policy ideas that characterize Chinese aid in Africa are influencing traditional donors and becoming global. The article utilised a qualitative study that has two main components. First, a comprehensive content analysis of over 50 key Sino-African, Chinese and Western policy documents from 2000 (since cooperation between Beijing and African countries first became institutionalised). Second, there were semi-structured interviews with Chinese, African and Western stakeholders in Addis Ababa, (Ethiopia), who was directly involved in the relationship between China and Africa and related development issues. The result of documentation and interview analyses show that there are currently significant differences between Chinese and Western approaches. China has made much stronger and more explicit links between development aid and economic activity than most Western donors. The aid is usually implemented through specific projects rather than broader programs or policies.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/5255</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/5255/4934</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 199-215</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 23 Nr 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 199-215</text>
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                <text>Does China’s Aid in Africa Affect Traditional Donors?</text>
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                <text>Aleksandrova, Boryana</text>
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                <text>Globalization challenges the state-centric realist view of space and authority within International Relations. Using multifaceted concepts of territoriality and non-territoriality, this article goes into three versions of current territorial fragmentation or connectivity – deterritorialization, extraterritorialization and reterritorialization. They are to enable us to reveal the proliferation of globally relevant social and power dynamics above, below and within the state domain. At the same time, they are to illuminate the ambivalent role of states played in an era of global interconnectedness.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/5254</text>
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                <text>10.18778/1641-4233.23.12</text>
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                <text>Lodz University Press</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/5254/4933</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69837">
                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 185-198</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 23 Nr 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 185-198</text>
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                <text>globalization</text>
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                <text>Territorial Manifestations in Times of Globalization: Implications for State-Centrism in International Relations</text>
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                  <text>International Studies - Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal       </text>
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                <text>Jaskuła, Paweł</text>
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                <text>The main aim of this text is to present economic relations between China and the US today. The election of Donald Trump in 2016, significantly redefined American trade policy toward China. Despite the first months of his presidency, which promised an efficient, long-term cooperation between Beijing and Washington, incumbent president decided to implement severe restriction on the trade with China at the beginning of 2018. However, the announced imposition of tariffs on almost all goods coming from this country could interfere with the growth of the single states and the economy of the whole country in the future. Therefore the text is aimed to investigate the&amp;nbsp; ependency of selected states on the inflows of Chinese investments since 2010. Finally, it is necessary to examine the phenomenon of the trade war, which has begun in July 2018, and assess its impact on the growth of both countries.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/5253</text>
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                <text>10.18778/1641-4233.23.11</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 161-182</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 23 Nr 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 161-182</text>
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                <text>Trade War</text>
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                <text>The Redefinition of Foreign Policy of the United States since Trump’s Election: The Case of Trade War with China</text>
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                <text>The current state of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China is described by many international relations experts as the best in history. After taking the president office by Donald Trump, the bilateral relations between America and abovementioned powers are cooling down. Current foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation focuses on holding a common position in the international political arena, which is in fact an attempt to counterweight political influence of the US administration and their allies. The dimension of the strategic partnership between China and Russia is also determining the mutual economic dependence, which is now crucial for both powers to build a strong position on the international forum. In addition, Russia is one of the crucial partners for the Chinese-led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – by many recognized as the Chinese attempt to break the American economic domination. The collisional course of the American foreign policy towards Russia and China forces the latter to look for Central and Eastern European allies as well as to gain influence in the region of Central Asia which is leading to a constant increase in tensions between China and Russia.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 149-159</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 23 Nr 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 149-159</text>
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                <text>A New Alliance against the US? Sino-Russian Relations in Response to Trump’s Redefined Foreign Policy Priorities</text>
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                <text>The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between Singapore and the People’s Republic of China in the light of the current policy of the President of the United States Donald Trump. The point of reference for the presented analysis is the foreign policy of the former President Barack Obama, based on the strategy known as “pivot to Asia” – the strategic turnabout of the United States to the Asia-Pacific region. One of its main objectives was the signing of a multilateral agreement on the establishment of a free trade zone, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), bringing together 12 countries. The main subject of the present analysis is to examine the impact of Donald Trump’s decision of January 2017 to withdraw from the TPP trade agreement on the relations between the remaining signatories of the agreement, as well as to examine Beijing’s actions, which may seek to increase its sphere of influence in Asia through the breakdown of TPP. The main part of the research is focused on the triangle politics concept in international politics, which will include China, Singapore and the United States. Besides the two largest economic powers, Singapore is included because of its membership in the TPP and ASEAN, and due to its strong economy and its population (predominantly) of Chinese origin it can be viewed as the “fifth column” or may otherwise play a role in the Greater China concept.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 133-148</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 23 Nr 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 133-148</text>
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                <text>pivot to Asia</text>
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                <text>Relations Between Singapore and the People’s Republic of China in the Light of Donald Trump’s New Southeast Asia Policy</text>
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                <text>Sprengel, Mieczysław</text>
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                <text>Relations between Australia and the United States have developed for long time notably during World War II. Over the following decades, cooperation has become more intense as Australians adopt many cultural patterns from the Americans. Australia declared and supported US presidents in military operations, which is why some have called Australia, America’s sheriff for working to stabilize this part of the world. One cannot overlook the personal arrangements between leaders that help shape the dynamic of deepening the mutual relations these two nations. Donald Trump’s personal interactions’ with the Prime Ministers of Australia play a significant role in this regard.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 115-130</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 23 Nr 1 (2019): International Responses to President Trump’s Foreign Policy: The First Two Years; 115-130</text>
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                <text>Political Relations of Australia with the United States: 2000–2017</text>
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                <text>In 2017, Korean crisis escalated as Donald Trump began “war of words” with DPRK’s chairman Kim Jong-un. Each threat both leaders made might eventually be understood by the other party as a declaration of war. Donald Trump wanted to “clean up the mess” left by previous US administrations and solve the problem of North Korean nuclear program. However, his actions were inconsistent: he threatened in a very North Korean way “total destruction” only to emphasize later that it was not a “preferred option.” This article explores how “war of words” was a significant cause of the escalation of the Korean crisis.</text>
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                <text>Since the beginning of the Trump Administration, analysts of American foreign policy have observed several changes in the style substance and style of Washington’s international behavior with regard to both foes and friends. President Trump in his rhetoric (including social media communication) and style represent a disturbing discontinuity, especially for allies that undermines the stability of American international commitments. American allies are forced to develop new strategies for managing this new risk in relations with Washington. This paper examines the tactics employed by the government in Warsaw in that regard.</text>
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      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
