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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Agastia, I Gusti Bagus Dharma</text>
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                <text>Situated in a highly dynamic region at the crossroads of the Pacific and Indian Ocean, Indonesia’s foreign policy has long been influenced by both international and domestic factors. In light of these changes, we firstly look at the development of Indonesia’s external environment. This discussion centres on the dynamics in the Indo-Pacific between the major powers, specifically their outlooks, approaches, and interests in the region. Next, we examine Indonesia’s domestic dynamics, particularly those related to the progress of the development of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In this section, we will discuss the process of naval modernization and an update of national political dynamics as the 2019 Presidential Elections loom closer. Finally, we examine the progress of Indonesia’s bilateral and multilateral cooperation.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/727</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v3i1.727</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/727/442</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14429">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 1 (2018): September 2018 - February 2019</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14430">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Indonesia Foreign Policy Update: rough waves ahead in the Indo-Pacific</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>Drajat, Gibran Mahesa</text>
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                <text>2018-09-06</text>
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                <text>This paper aims to examine Indonesia’s leadership in ASEAN as the regional organization advances its community building in areas of political-security. Indonesia, the largest state in Southeast Asia both from geographic and economic size, is known for its de facto leadership within the regional integration process of ASEAN. Such integration is mostly prominent in areas of multilateral engagement, conflict management, and democracy as well as human rights promotion. With President Joko Widodo at the helm of Indonesia’s presidency since October 2014, Indonesia has reoriented its foreign policy cornerstone on ASEAN into other channels that best serve its national interest. As Indonesia repositions its focus from ASEAN, there is a need to evaluate whether the trajectory of ASEAN Political-Security Community will continue to thrive under the consensual decision-making process among its ten member states known as ASEAN way. To evaluate Indonesia’s leadership in the advancement of ASEAN Political-Security Community under President Joko Widodo, the paper will review Indonesia’s initiatives to ASEAN and how they contribute towards Southeast Asia’s regionalism. Subsequently, three areas of Indonesia’s leadership in ASEAN Political-Security Community building will be examined: the maintenance of ASEAN Centrality, South China Sea dispute management, and promotion of democracy and human rights. The paper concludes that ASEAN way works not only when ASEAN member states find a common ground on regional issues that affect their respective domestic politics. A presence of informal and voluntary leadership where “matured” member states bring about initiative and persuasion is needed to maintain ASEAN’s strategic relevance in Asia-Pacific. For this reason, Indonesia’s legitimacy as an informal leader in ASEAN plays an important role to ensure that the organization remain united and central to its member states.Keywords: ASEAN Political-Security Community, Indonesian Foreign Policy, Regional Leadership </text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/424</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v2i2.424</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/424/259</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14410">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14412">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 2, No 2 (2018): March - August 2018</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14413">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Assessing Indonesia’s Leadership in the Advancement of ASEAN Political-Security Community under  President Joko Widodo</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14383">
                <text>Rahman, Muhammad Sigit Andhi</text>
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                <text>2017-09-15</text>
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                <text>This paper discusses the development of institutions within international political economy over the course of the last 70 years. From World War II to the present, states have constructed regimes to manage some-but not all-aspects of the international economy. A once-strong regime to manage trade has weakened since the 1990s. Likewise, with the abandonment of dollar-gold convertibility in 1973, a robust regime to manage monetary relations collapsed. Conversely, states originally left finance unregulated but in 1988 created and progressively have strengthened rules to manage international banking. In production, the proposed Multilateral Agreement on Investment collapsed in 1998 without ever securing necessary multilateral support. Despite the variations, those institutions are the manifestation of the idea of embedded liberalism, a compromise between the need of developing a self-regulated market and providing economic security for the communities. Arguably, the development and variations in institutions are by and large shaped by the changes in international power structure and social purposes of the institutions. Furthermore, this paper also wants to address the prospect of embedded liberalism especially in the context of recent rise of populism and democratic rejection against free trade as reaction toward the results of globalization. It is too soon to argue about the end of embedded liberalism. This paper is structured into two main parts. The first part is a conceptual framework discussing the nature of institutions and its variations. It is mainly built from the work of John G. Ruggie on international institution. The second part is an empirical analysis of to what extent states are able to renew the promise of embedded liberalism in order to address citizens’ dissatisfaction with globalization and growing sense of political helplessness. This last section is indebted to Amitai Etzioni for developing communitarian solutions to populism.</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/278</text>
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                <text>10.33021/aegis.v2i1.278</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/278/146</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 2, No 1 (2017): September 2017 - February 2018</text>
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                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Populism and the Fading Embedded Liberalism?</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14366">
                <text>Haryono, Endi</text>
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                <text>2018-01-15</text>
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                <text>In response to new socio-political conditions in Malaysia following the general election, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak launched a reform that brought fundamental changes in the economy and governance in Malaysia. By the end of 2011, there were four reform programs - TNR called it a transformation - covering three programs in the first two years of its administration, namely the introduction of the One Malaysia Concept (1Malaysia), the Government Transformation Program (GTP), and the New Economic Model Model / NEM). Entering the third year (2011) Najib fulfilled it with political reform, including the abolition of the Domestic Security Act (ISA). Reforms are an inescapable choice and an option that is not easy in order to maintain popular support for the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, especially the United Malay National Organization (UMNO), which is ruling. </text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/244</text>
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                <text>Jaya, Muhammad Ridho Alviora</text>
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                <text>In the beginning of the State of Israel establishment, western countries showed the most support towards the government in Tel Aviv, including Canada. Strong economic partnership between Canada and the State of Israel that was marked by the ratification of Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement (CIFTA) back in January 1997 which became Canada’s first trade agreement outside the North American area. During the leadership of Canadian Conservative Party Prime Minister Stephen Harper, the agreement began the negotiation of modernization and was done in 2019 during the leadership period of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The second phase of negotiations that were held in 2017-2018 during the Trudeau period has included certain provisions that arguably believe to be Trudeau's personal concern. American and Canadian research mostly shows how Canadian’s leader in certain periods gave their support towards Israel to such an extent that they method of building relationship. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to investigate more about the leader's individual factors towards Jewish government. Question about what influence Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's decision making process towards continuing negotiations and the ratification of trade agreement was employed by the Juliet Kaarbo theory of Prime Minister Leadership style. The theory uses five variables to assess leaders’ behavior and personality. Result of this study concludes that there are some variables that have significant roles in explaining the decision-making process of Justin Trudeau during the second negotiations until the ratifications process.</text>
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 6, No 1 (2022)</text>
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                <text>Analyzing Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s Decision Making towards modernized Canada – Israel Free Trade Agreement (2015 – 2019)</text>
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                <text>Qualitative Descriptive; Case Study Approach</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14273">
                <text>Gulo, Titi Rahmania</text>
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                <text>Dwiastuti, Ilmi</text>
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                <text> The primary goal of this paper is to provide insight into the factors that have contributed to the trade war between the United States of America and China, which has been influenced not only by the economic sector but also by AI. Furthermore, in light of China's rising power, which threatens to supplant US supremacy, as well as its ambition to become a global leader in artificial intelligence by 2030, the steps taken by the United States during the Donald Trump administration to maintain its global influence are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, there is an indication that China is aiming to boost its global influence, which will be the focus of this paper with due attention to the national artificial intelligence advancement. The desire for both China and the United States to dominate technology has increased competition between the two countries, as evidenced by the numerous technological innovations developed and released by the two countries in recent years. In addition, the authors will conduct empirical case study research in conjunction with comparative analysis. Thus, to investigates this issue through the lens of threat perception, which also serves as a theoretical framework. Lastly, the authors conclude that the advancement of China’s Artificial Intelligence is perceived as a threat for the US national security especially in military and political sector. Keywords : Artificial Intelligence; Threat Perception; National Security</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14284">
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 5, No 1 (2021)</text>
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                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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                <text>Keywords : Artificial Intelligence; Threat Perception; National Security</text>
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                <text>The rising US trade protectionism under Donald Trump and its implication on China’s artificial intelligence advancement</text>
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                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Hasymi, Aditya Maulana</text>
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                <text>AbstrakIsu-isu terkait budaya, ekonomi, dan nilai seringkali menghasilkan konflik. Tak terkecuali dengan isu perebutan wilayah. Salahsatu perang terbesar yang terkait dengan isu sengketa wilayah adalah perang Iran-Irak 1988. Perang Iran-Irak 1988 membawa sejarah besar dari kedua negara yang saling berhubungan dengan isu perebutan wilayah, perebutan pengaruh ideologi, dan isu ekonomi. Perang yang berlangsung cukup lama ini membuat Iran dan Irak menyadari akan kerugian jangka panjang yang dialami. Pada akhirnya, kedua negara sepakat untuk berdamai dalam sebuah proses yang melibatkan pihak ketiga. Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengambil peran sebagai pihak ketiga yang membantu penyelesaian perang antara Iran dan Irak. Resolusi no.598 yang disusun oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengarisbawahi akan pentingnya gencatan senjata dengan banyaknya kerugian dan korban jiwa yang muncul. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa upaya Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menyusun resolusi no.598 dalam menyelesaikan perang Iran-Irak adalah penerapan dari mekanisme compliance bargaining pada proses resolusi konflik.Kata kunci: compliance bargaining, resolusi konflik, rezim, gencatan senjata AbstractConflictual issues can be about economy, culture and values, or even a border dispute. The class cannot be avoided because of several issues triggering the conflict and also several interests. One of the bigger wars that can be was the Iran-Iraq War at 1980-1988. This war brought the long history between both of those countries, which were related with border disputes, ideological influences, and economic war. Those of both countries is thinking that if the war is still being run, it is not giving any good advantage. The damage was so big. So, it required a process to bring the two states involved war into one meeting to talk about peace or end the war. The process is called a peace process. In this case, the peace process arranged by the involvement of third party. The United Nations take a role as the third party in Iran-Iraq War by formed a Resolution no 598. In the resolution the council expressed its concern that, despite its calls for ceasefire, the conflict between Iran and Iraq continued with heavy loss of life and material destruction. The Iran-Iraq war was ended through the resolution no 598 that was produced by the United Nations. Furthermore, this paper argue that the way of the United Nations ended the Iran-Iraq war through Resolution no 598 is implementing the theory of compliance bargaining in conflict resolution.Keywords: compliance bargaining, conflict resolution, regime, ceasefire</text>
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                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 4, No 2 (2020)</text>
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                <text>Compliance Bargaining Mechanism as The Way to Ended Iran-Iraq War 1988</text>
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