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                <text>Jointness is a military term, as explained by the Collins Dictionary, which refers to “the cooperation and integration of different branches of the military”. India has the fourth largest military in the world and each operates independently. The cooperation among the three Services is according to the priorities as visualised by each Service, with coordination by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). In April 2017, the three Service Chiefs released the latest Joint Doctrine for the Indian armed forces. It is important to note that the first doctrine was written in 2006 and was a classified version that was not released to the public. The current document has very little depth and would not be able to integrate the various branches of the Indian armed forces. There would be no joint response to a military situation. Currently, there are more than 32 countries with joint Services set-ups.</text>
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                <text>CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 77-85</text>
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                <text>‘Jointness' in the Armed Forces: An Assessment</text>
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                <text>Responding to a dearth of literature on the subject, this paper explores and examines what motivates people to join the Irish Defence Forces. In addition, it examines recruitment strategy and policy within the Defence Forces, in order to assess the degree to which this is appropriate to meet current needs. The paper explores the difficulties and challenges that all militaries currently face in attracting, enlisting, and retaining the required numbers of new recruits, with reference to current scholarship and to ideas relating to motivational theory. Analysis of the Irish case is based on a qualitative research design situated within an interpretive paradigm. Utilising a mixed methods methodology, data was collected through the use of focus groups, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings from this research indicate that themes such as pride, challenge and self- improvement appear to be strong motivating factors for recruitment. On the basis of this, a number of recommendations are suggested including key policy changes and resource investment that will assist the Defence Forces in addressing both the challenges of military recruitment both now and in the future.
Please note that the views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and should not be taken to represent the views of the Irish Defence Forces, the Command and Staff School or any other group or organisation.</text>
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                <text>"Strengthen the Nation": Exploring the Motivating Factors Leading to Irish Defence Forces Recruitment</text>
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                <text>Accessing and analysing news from around the world has become the key to understanding the global security environment. In view of this, in 1941, United States (U.S.) President Franklin D. Roosevelt established an office called the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), to be run out of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The office's mandate was simple: translate the news from around the world for US policy-makers to make informed decisions. However, in the past, there was only a handful of electronic and print media which needed to be scoured for news by analysts. But, in the current times, the situation has changed drastically. In today's world, there is a multitude of news platforms that produce an immense amount of news data that require a large number of analysts to process the information—making such an organisation uneconomical and unwieldy.</text>
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                <text>CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 194-199</text>
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