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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Julius, Elizabeth</text>
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                <text>Mun, Soh Hon</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Abdul Halim</text>
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                <text>Mokhtar, Mahani</text>
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                <text>Suhairom, Nornazira</text>
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                <text>2018-11-08</text>
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                <text>Data Handling at primary school involves gathering and recording information and then presenting it in a way that is meaningful to others. It is a fundamental part of student's mathematical understanding. Initial concepts of Data Handling need to be exposed to students in the early years as these skills will be used and built upon throughout their education. Due to its importance, Data Handling is included in the curriculum at primary level in Malaysia. However results of international assessments which focused on the use of higher order thinking skills showed that Malaysian students performed poorly in Data Handling. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify students’ learning difficulties in Data Handling at each level of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) namely applying, analysing, evaluating and creating. In addition, this study also investigated the use of smart board in overcoming HOTS learning difficulties in Data Handling. Numerous teachers recommend the use of smart board at primary schools since students have the opportunity to explore and learn novel concepts using the technology. Subsequently, it helps to generate dynamic learning experiences and student in school become more motivated about learning when the smart board is used during their lessons. Four experienced year five mathematics teachers and thirty year five students from a primary school were involved in the study. The students and teachers were selected based on purposive sampling. An interview protocol and rubric for cognitive domain in HOTS were used during the data collection phase. In addition, semi-structured interview sessions with the teachers and students as well as document analysis of the students’ mathematics exercise sheets in Data Handling were carried out by the researcher to investigate the students’ learning difficulties at each level of HOTS in Data Handling. It is hoped that the results from this study can contribute towards development of strategies, methods or programs using smart board to enhance HOTS in Data Handling among primary school students in Malaysia.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9644</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9644/5267</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Soh Hon Mun</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 12 No. 7 (2018); pp. 43-59</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Data Handling</text>
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                <text>Using Digital Smart Board to Overcome Higher Order Thinking Skills Learning Difficulties in Data Handling among Primary School Students</text>
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                <text>Mun, Soh Hon</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Abdul Halim</text>
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                <text>Mokhtar, Mahani</text>
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                <text>Ali, Dayana Farzeeha</text>
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                <text>Jumaat, Nurul Farhana</text>
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                <text>Ashari, Zakiah Mohamad</text>
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                <text>Samah, Norazrena Abu</text>
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                <text>Rahman, Khairul Anuar Abdul</text>
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                <text>Digital smart board is one of interactive technology tools which has been used widely in schools to facilitate teaching and learning. Empirical evidence shows that digital smart board allows students to construct their knowledge while mastering more advanced thinking skills. Thus integration of digital smart board facilitates active learning, which is fundamental to mastery of skills. Active learning using smart board program is a program which integrates smart board in Data Handling so that primary school students can learn Data Handling concept actively and meaningfully. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of active learning using smart board program to enhance primary school students’ learning. Five experts in teaching Mathematics Education and thirty year five students were involved in this study. The students were selected based on purposive sampling. This study used both quantitative and qualitative research approach. A set of interview protocol and a set of questionnaire were used during the data collection phase. Findings from the questionnaire were analysed based on descriptive and inferential statistics by using Winsteps Version 3.72.3. In addition, thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings from the study indicate that active learning using smart board program has the attributes which can effectively enhance primary school students’ learning. It is hoped that the results from this study can contribute towards development of active learning strategies, methods or activities using smart board in order to enhance primary students’ learning in school.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/10654</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/10654/5773</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Soh Hon Mun</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 07 (2019); pp. 4-16</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>active learning</text>
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                <text>Active Learning Using Digital Smart Board to Enhance Primary School Students’ Learning</text>
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                <text>Yaacob, Norarbaiyah</text>
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                <text>Ali, Dayana Farzeeha</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Abdul Halim</text>
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                <text>Mohd Zaid, Norasykin</text>
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                <text>Mokhtar, Mahani</text>
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                <text>Ibrahim, Nor Hasniza</text>
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                <text>Various research has been conducted to enhance the employees’ visualization skills in different areas and the importance and the role of visualization skills towards the employee’s achievement, especially in the industry such as manufacturing, medical, oil and gas field, and many more. To improve visualization skills, the use of effective training methods and tools should be applied to facilitate and enhance the understanding and performance in general, in a way to help them solve problems at the workplace. Thus, the aim of this paper focuses to the attention on the practical use of augmented reality (AR) with the ability of digital mobile application in the crude oil refinery process within the oil and gas industry environment, describing the potential and the effectiveness of the technology to enhance the visualization skill among the technical employees. This study used Basic refinery courseware that can be accessed via digital network to give an interactive training experience that can enhance technical employees' visualization skills. This courseware shows the positive effect and impact on technical employees’ visualization skills and performance based on the results. The results have also shown an increased motivation, making them more cooperative and developing visualization skills more quickly. Considering these results, it can be concluded that Basic Refinery training courseware based on augmented reality application is an effective and beneficial tool to be applied in training programs among the workplace's technical employees.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/27591</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Dayana Farzeeha Ali, Norarbaiyah Yaacob, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Norasykin Mohd Zaid, Mahani Mokhtar, Nor Hasniza Ibrahim</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 23 (2021); pp. 45-56</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>basic refinery</text>
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                <text>Basic Refinery Training Courseware in Enhancing Technical Employees’ Visualization Skills</text>
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                <text>Shuib, Munir</text>
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                <text>Azizan, Siti Norbaya</text>
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                <text>Gunasegaran, Thenmolli</text>
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                <text>English is the most important second language in most non-English speaking countries, including Malaysia. A good English proficiency comes from good grasp of grammar. To conquer the problems of low English proficiency among Malaysians, it is important to identify the key motivators that could facilitate the process of grammar learning.  In this digital age, technology can play a very important role and mobile technology could be one of it. Thus, this study aims at designing a mobile learning tool, namely the Intelligent Mobile Learning Tool for Grammar Learning (i-MoL) to act as the “on-the-go” grammar learning support via mobile phones. i-MoL helps reinforce grammar learning through mobile phone with game-like applications, inquiry-based activities and flashcard-like information. The intelligent part of i-MoL lies in its ability to map the mobile-based grammar learning content to individual’s preferred learning styles based on Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM). The instructional system design through the ADDIE model was used in this study as a systematic approach in designing a novel and comprehensive mobile learning tool for grammar learning. In terms of implications, this study provides insights on how mobile technologies can be utilized to meet the mobility demand among language learners today.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/4238</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Munir Shuib, Amelia Abdullah, Siti Norbaya Azizan, Thenmolli Gunasegaran</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 9 No. 1 (2015); pp. 41-46</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22103">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Mobile learning</text>
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                <text>English language</text>
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                <text>grammar</text>
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                <text>learning styles</text>
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                <text>graduates</text>
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                <text>Designing an Intelligent Mobile Learning Tool for Grammar Learning  (i-MoL)</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30980">
                <text>Yaghi, Eyhab</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Amelia</text>
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                <text> Our knowledge of online reading dispositions is based on limited data. The optimal aim of this paper is to find out the online reading disposition that might take place when EFL students read online materials.  To achieve the aim of this research, a mixed method approach was employed. The results emerged from the quantitative data have shown that students tend to show dispositions of reflection as the most frequent dispositions. In compliance with quantitative data, five students were interviewed in order to provide a deep understanding of these dispositions. By doing so, new ideas have been extracted from students’ responses such as likeness toward online reading, taking place online reading dispositions and alternatives of online reading dispositions. These emerging results would provide an overwhelming idea about the online reading dispositions and pave the way for upcoming studies. </text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/11062/6973</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30990">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Eyhab Yaghi, Amelia Abdullah</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30991">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 07 (2020); pp. 73-87</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30992">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30993">
                <text>Online reading</text>
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                <text>reading</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30995">
                <text>dispositions and behaviors.</text>
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                <text>Understanding Online Reading Dispositions from the Perspective of Saudi EFL Learners</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>International Journal of China Studies</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="56341">
                  <text>The University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56089">
                <text>KUIK, Cheng-Chwee</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56090">
                <text>LAI, Yew Meng</text>
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                <text>ABDULLAH, Amy Azuan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56092">
                <text>2021-12-31</text>
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                <text>Pulau Layang-Layang (Swallow Reef) is central to Malaysia’s South China Sea policy. First, the “island” is the first of five features in the South China Sea occupied by Malaysia. Second, since 1983, by exercising exclusive and effective control over Layang Layang, Malaysia has displayed its sovereignty and jurisdiction over the area. Third, with a Malaysian naval station and airstrip, Layang-Layang is Malaysia’s most valuable strategic asset in the South China Sea. Drawing on archival materials and open sources, this paper traces Malaysia’s policy actions vis-à-vis Pulau Layang-Layang, before unpacking the features and factors underpinning the smaller state’s multipronged approaches towards the South China Sea disputes. We argue that Malaysia’s policies regarding Pulau Layang-Layang and the broader South China Sea issue have been and will continue to be driven by small-state pragmatism to balance national sovereignty and geopolitical reality amid the growing U.S.–China rivalry.</text>
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                <text>https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/IJCS/article/view/36495</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56097">
                <text>Institute of China Studies, Universiti Malaya</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56098">
                <text>https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/IJCS/article/view/36495/14477</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="56099">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHINA STUDIES</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHINA STUDIES; International Journal of China Studies Vol.12 No.2 December 2021; 189-222</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56101">
                <text>2180-3250</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56102">
                <text>Malaysia</text>
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                <text>South China Sea</text>
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                <text>Pulau Layang-Layang</text>
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                <text>China</text>
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                <text>Pulau Layang-Layang in Malaysia’s South China Sea Policy: Sovereignty Meets Geopolitical Reality amid China–U.S. Rivalry</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14704">
                  <text>School of International Relations, President University, Indonesia</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
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              <elementText elementTextId="14435">
                <text>Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="14436">
                <text>Fauzan, Fauzan</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Kamarulnizam</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14438">
                <text>Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14439">
                <text>2019-11-26</text>
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                <text>Natuna or better known as the Natuna Islands is one of the border areas in Indonesia that has complex problems. As a cluster of islands bordering Indonesia with Malaysia and Vietnam, the Natuna Islands are also located in the South China Sea region, which is a regional dispute hot spot in East Asia. This paper will discuss the concept of border security and border security issues in the waters of the Natuna Islands. In this paper, the authors argue that the problem of the Indonesian EEZ maritime boundary in the Natuna Islands territorial waters with Malaysia and Vietnam needs to be immediately resolved, because in addition to sovereignty, the precision of the EEZ boundary with neighboring countries will be related to the management of natural resources contained in the particular territorial waters. This condition is increasingly complicated when China with its nine-dashed line has raised problems of overlapping claims in the Natuna waters. In addition, the obscurity of maritime boundaries is used by certain parties to carry out illegal fishing in the maritime areas currently being disputed by the neighboring countries.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14442">
                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/736</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14443">
                <text>10.33021/aegis.v3i2.736</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14445">
                <text>President University</text>
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                <text>http://e-journal.president.ac.id/presunivojs/index.php/AEGIS/article/view/736/517</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14447">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 AEGIS : Journal of International Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14448">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14449">
                <text>AEGIS : Journal of International Relations; Vol 3, No 2 (2019): March - August 2019</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14450">
                <text>2548-4532</text>
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                <text>2541-1373</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14452">
                <text>Border Security Problems in the Waters of the Natuna Islands: Between National Boundaries and Illegal Fishing</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="64218">
                  <text>Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68256">
                <text>Kamal, I. Z. Mustaffa</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68257">
                <text>Ismail, A. Imran</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68258">
                <text>Abdullah, M. Naim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68259">
                <text>Ahmed, Y. Adnan</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The transom stern offered some advantages over the traditional rounded cruiser stern reducing the resistance of a ship. This can only be achieved if the transom stern is carefully designed with suitable transom immersion ratio. In this study, the influence of different transom area immersion ratios on the resistance components was investigated for a semi-displacement hull and a full displacement hull.&amp;nbsp; The base hull was based on NPL hull form and KCS hull form for a semi-displacement and full-displacement hull respectively. The transom immersion ratios for the NPL hull were varied at a ratio of 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 and 1.0.&amp;nbsp; The resistance of each of the NPL hull form was simulated at Froude number 0.3 up to 0.6. The transom immersion ratios for the KCS hull were varied at a ratio of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.3. The resistance of each of the KCS hull form was simulated at Froude number 0.195, 0.23, 0.26 and 0.28.&amp;nbsp; The transoms of both hulls were modified or varied systematically to study the influence of the transom shape or immersion on the total and wave resistance components. The investigation was carried out using a CFD software named SHIPFLOW 6.3 based on RANSE solver. These results on the NPL hull shows that the larger the transom immersion, the higher the resistance will be for a semi-displacement vessel. The increased resistance is contributed by additional frictional and wave resistance components. The results for the KCS hull seems to contradict with the results obtained from the NPL hull. The larger and deeper transom for the case of KCS hull form sometimes can be beneficial at higher Froude number.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JNAME/article/view/48494</text>
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                <text>10.3329/jname.v17i2.48494</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Association of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers</text>
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                <text>https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JNAME/article/view/48494/36319</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68268">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68269">
                <text>Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; Vol. 17 No. 2 (2020); 165-182</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68270">
                <text>2070-8998</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="68271">
                <text>1813-8535</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68272">
                <text>Transom Stern, Transom Immersion, Resistance Components, Low and Medium Speed</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68273">
                <text>Influence of the transom immersion to ship resistance components at low and medium speeds</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36225">
                <text>Althabiti, Mashail Shaeel</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Manal</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36227">
                <text>2020-06-30</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36228">
                <text>Data stream is the huge amount of data generated in various fields, including financial processes, social media activities, Internet of Things applications, and many others. Such data cannot be processed through traditional data mining algorithms due to several constraints, including limited memory, data speed, and dynamic environment. Concept Drift is known as the main constraint of data stream mining, mainly in the classification task. It refers to the change in the data stream underlining distribution over time. Thus, it results in accuracy deterioration of classification models and wrong predictions. Spam emails, consumer behavior changes, and adversary activates, are examples of Concept Drift. In this paper, a Concept Drift detection model is introduced, Concept Drift Detection Model (CDDM). It monitors the accuracy of the classification model over a sliding window, assuming the decline in accuracy indicates a drift occurrence. A modification over CDDM is a weighted version of the CDDM as W-CDDM.Both models have evaluated against two real datasets and four artificial datasets. The experimental results of abrupt drift show that CDDM, W-CDDM outperforms the other models in the dataset of 100K and 1M instances, respectively. Regarding gradual drift, the W-CDDM overtook the rest in terms of accuracy, run time, and detection delays in the dataset of 100 K instances. While in the dataset of 1M instances, CDDM has got the highest accuracy using the NB classifier. Moreover, W-CDDM achieves the highest accuracy on real datasets.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/14803</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="36231">
                <text>10.3991/ijim.v14i10.14803</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36233">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36234">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/14803/7353</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36235">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Mashail Shaeel Althabiti, Manal Abdullah</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36236">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 10 (2020); pp. 90-106</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36237">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36238">
                <text>Data Stream Mining</text>
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                <text>Concept Drift</text>
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                <text>Concept Drift Detection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36241">
                <text>Data Stream Classification.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36242">
                <text>CDDM: Concept Drift Detection Model for Data Stream</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36244">
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
                </elementText>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45519">
                <text>Hanafi, Hafizul Fahri bin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45520">
                <text>Wong, Kung-Teck</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45521">
                <text>Muhamad Adnan, Muhamad Hariz Bin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45522">
                <text>Selamat, Abu Zarrin Bin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45523">
                <text>Zainuddin, Nur Azlan Bin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45524">
                <text>Abdullah, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Bin</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45525">
                <text>2021-12-21</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study developed and used a mobile Augmented Reality (AR) reading kit to help preschool students recognize alphabets and read simple words more effectively. This study was based on the quantitative approach involving an experimental methodology that used a one-group pretest-posttest design. In this study, the variables of interest to be measured were students’ reading skills, motivation, and self-learning. The learning treatment involved a series of reading sessions using the novel learning application that spanned three weeks, with each session lasting for two hours. The sample of this study comprised 60 preschool students, whose ages ranged from four to six, who were selected from three different preschools. The effectiveness of the novel-reading kit was evaluated in terms of students’ learning performance, learning motivation in reading, and self-learning. The data for the former were gathered from pre-testing and post-testing. At the same time, a survey was administered to the students to elicit their opinions and feedback on the last two factors. Furthermore, all descriptive and inferential statistical procedures have been selected to analyze the data. Specifically, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze the data, which demonstrated significant differences in the students’ reading skills, motivation, and self-learning before and after the learning interventions. These findings showed the students could recognize alphabets more accurately, read simple words more intelligently, become more motivated to read and be highly engaged in self-learning using the mobile AR reading kit.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26673</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i24.26673</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45530">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45531">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/26673/10489</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="45533">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 HAFIZUL FAHRI BIN HANAFI</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45534">
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              <elementText elementTextId="45535">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 94-107</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45536">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45537">
                <text>Mobile augmented reality</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45538">
                <text>motivation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45539">
                <text>preschool students</text>
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                <text>reading skills</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45541">
                <text>self-learning.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="45542">
                <text>Utilizing Animal Characters of a Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) Reading Kit to Improve Preschoolers’ Reading Skills, Motivation, and Self-Learning: An Initial Study</text>
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