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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Allahham, Alaa Azmi</text>
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                <text>Mohammed, Muamer</text>
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                <text>Kadhim, Nassir Sallom</text>
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                <text>Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) involved in many applications, whether smart or traditional and for both civilian and military uses, and that because of their special features, where it does not depend on any infrastructure during its working, as well as the nodes in MANETs have a freedom of movement with the ability to self-configure, in addition, to working as a router or client at the same time. Moreover, MANETs considered as an infrastructure less network, so the cost of this type of networks is less in comparison to other traditional networks. On the other hand, the routing considered one of most important challenges in MANETs due to the  perpetual motion and randomness of the nodes that can causing a continuous change of the network topology and thus to all paths between nodes, where finding valid paths between the nodes is the core task of routing protocols. Recently, it has been argued that the traditional layered architecture is ineffective to deal with receiving signal strength related problems. In an effort to improve the performance of MANETs, there has been increased in protocols that rely on cross-layer interaction between different layers. In this paper, a Cross-layer design among Network, MAC and Physical layers based on Threshold Multipath Routing Protocol (CTMRP) is proposed. The CTMRP is designed for decision maker based on threshold value of average paths signal for efficient transmission of the Text, image, audio and video as well as sending the data via multiple paths, which mitigate the negatives effects causes from forcing the nodes to send the data via single. The Route Discovery Delay, Number of RREQ Messages, Number of RREP Messages, End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and Throughput were selected as the main performance evaluation metrics. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance and lead to increase stability of transmission link.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/6175</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Alaa Azmi Allahham, Muamer Mohammed, Nassir Sallom Kadhim</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017); pp. 71-83</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>MANETs</text>
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                <text>Multipath Routing Protocol Based On Cross-Layer Approach for MANET</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Al-Emran, Mostafa</text>
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                <text>Malik, Sohail Iqbal</text>
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                <text>Google Apps brought many opportunities to enhance the work performance in the higher educational settings. This study aims to investigate the impact of Google Apps at work from the perspective of the higher educational institutions. An online questionnaire survey has been prepared and distributed among the academic and administrative staff at Al Buraimi University College, Oman for data collection. The total number of participants was 34. Different statistical analyses were performed on the collected data. Results revealed that the administrative staffs were more positive toward using Google Apps than the academics in performing their work while 58.8 % of the Academics indicated that they are using Google Apps in processing their work. The results of this study indicate that Google Apps are highly perceived by both academic and administrative staffs. This is evidence that these Apps have a significant impact on performing the work in the higher educational settings. Limitations and future work have been addressed.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/6181</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/6181/4114</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Mostafa Al-Emran, Sohail Iqbal Malik</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 10 No. 4 (2016); pp. 85-88</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Google Apps</text>
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                <text>impact</text>
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                <text>higher education</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Google Apps at Work: Higher Educational Perspective</text>
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                <text>Al-Hunaiyyan, Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Alhajri, Rana</text>
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                <text>Al-Sharhan, Salah</text>
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                <text>Mobile learning is a new learning landscape that offers opportunity for collaborative, personal, informal, and students’ centered learning environment. In implementing any learning system such as mobile learning environment, it is important to understand challenges that affect its implementations in a particular culture. Additionally, learners’ and instructors’ expectations are deemed necessary for consideration. However, there is a lack of studies on this aspect, particularly in the context of Kuwait HE institutions. This research presents opportunities and prospects of m-learning, and discusses challenges and implications facing its implementation. The authors of this paper conducted a study in Kuwait HE to examine both students’ and instructors’ perceptions and attitudes toward this trend of learning, to evaluate its effectiveness, and to investigate cultural and social challenges that affect the implementation of m-learning in Kuwait HE. A questionnaire was administered to 499 students and 110 Instructors from different higher educational institutions in Kuwait. The results reveal that students and instructors have positive perceptions of m-learning, and believe that m-learning enhances the teaching and the learning process. The study reports some social and cultural issues that may act as barriers to m-learning implementation.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/6185</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v11i4.6185</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/6185/4405</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan, Rana Alhajri, Salah Al-Sharhan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 4 (2017); pp. 4-16</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Mobile learning</text>
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                <text>Instructors Age and Gender Differences in the Acceptance of Mobile Learning</text>
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                <text>Al-Hunaiyyan, Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Alhajri, Rana</text>
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                <text>This paper introduces a comprehensive mobile learning (m-learning) model in the context of smart classrooms environment as a part of a holistic approach to implement an efficient Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) Environment. In this new model, the mobile learning components, as a crucial part of the smart classroom, systematically integrate the “mobile tools” with the teaching-learning practices. However, there are many challenges to generalize such kind of learning to any educational system.  A major reason for these challenges is the lack of an integrated model in a holistic approach of the smart classroom and TEL environment. Another critical challenge is designing and developing an efficient m-learning in a smart classroom and inside smart school environment which is due to the complex environment that incorporates many pedagogical and technological elements. The proposed model in this paper is based on an integrated m-learning framework to implement a holistic e-learning approach capable of overcoming these challenges.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 3 (2017); pp. 39-56</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Michael William Pugliese, Kumanan Wilson, Julien Guerinet, Katherine M Atkinson, Karen H Mallet, Rany Shamloul, Lise Zakutney, Dale Corbett, Dar Dowlatshahi</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017); pp. 148-157</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>aphasia</text>
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                <text>Alnabhan, Mohammad</text>
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                <text>Alshuqran, Mahmoud</text>
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                <text>Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered as a reunion of wireless mobile devices (nodes) that form a temporary wireless network. In order to facilitate communication in MANET, every node has to participate in the routing process. Finding an optimal route is a fundamental task in MANET, where routes tend to be multi-hoped and susceptible. Several routing protocols exist and can be classified as; topology-based and position-based routing protocols. However, the efficiency of these protocols in highly dynamic and dense environments is a challenging task to be considered for increasing perceived Quality of Service (QoS) in MANET. This paper focuses on the presentation and basic operation of each category. A qualitative evaluation between both categories is conducted to achieve a performance comparison in terms of packet- delivery ratio, End-to End delay and routing overhead. Results show that position-based overcome topology-based routing protocols in high dynamic and sparse environments. Recommendations for designing and implementing efficient position-based protocols are presented.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017); pp. 84-97</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Performance Evaluation of Unicast Routing Protocols in MANETs – Current State and Future Prospects</text>
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                <text>Flores-Cortés, Carlos</text>
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                <text>Buenrostro-Mariscal, Raymundo</text>
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                <text>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have an enormous potential for investigating oceanographic problems such as the impact of industrial, touristic and commercial activities in coastal areas, among others. However, ocean waves, fog, humidity and other environmental conditions make difficult communication between nodes. This paper presents an evaluation on-site of the performance of an IEEE 802.15.4 WSN. In particular, received signal strength indication, throughput, round trip delay time and the rate of efficiency are evaluated.  Different settings were tested and results shown which settings performed better on these environments.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Carlos Flores-Cortés, Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal, Antonio Gurrero-Ibañez, Fermín Estrada-González, Jesus Sandoval-Orozco</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017); pp. 98-115</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>SMS can be utilized as a new opportunity that can be applied to improve current educational practices and processes in a variety of fields, including distance education. This study is an in-depth qualitative inquiry into distance education students’ perception and experience in mobile learning via SMS. A set of interview questions was used as the survey method to gather primary data from five students enrolling in the School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The findings revealed that SMS learning generally was perceived positively by the respondents. They agreed that SMS learning is convenient, useful as reminder and relevant to their studies. Apart from few issues raised, respondents agreed that their SMS learning experiences were great, helpful and they generally satisfied with the system.  As implications, the study shed lights on the potential of SMS learning as an effective and innovative paradigm in pedagogy particularly in distance education environment.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017); pp. 116-132</text>
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                <text>Perceptions and Experience in Mobile Learning via SMS: A Case Study of Distance Education Students in a Malaysian Public University</text>
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                <text>This paper presents methodology for user identification on smartphone and mini-tablet using finger based gestures. In this paper, a set of four features, namely Signature Precision (SP), Finger Pressure (FP), Movement Time (MT), and Speed were extracted from each gesture of eight using dynamic time warping and Euclidean distance. The features are then used individually and combined for the purpose of user identification based on the Euclidean distance and the k-nearest neighbour classifier. We concluded that the best identification accuracy results from the combinations of FP and MT features where 78.46% and 78.33% were achieved on small smartphone and Mini-tablet respectively using a dataset of 50 users.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Suleyman AlShowarah</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017); pp. 133-142</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>The Effectiveness of Dynamic Features ofGesture</text>
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                <text>The Effectiveness of Dynamic Features of Finger Based Gestures on Smartphones’ Touchscreens for User Identification</text>
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                <text>AlFawwaz, Bader Methqal</text>
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                <text>Cloud computing is a new paradigm in E-learning environment. It offers a wide range of facilities to students and teachers, especially in the universities to ease out their problem in terms of documents sharing, course material distribution and handling, desktop sharing by the teachers to teach their students, and in terms of Voice over IP (VOIP) and video conferencing for the smooth communication with each other. In this modern world, e-learning can be improved by utilizing these and similar to these cloud based applications. The core objective of this paper is to find out how e-learning can be more effective by utilizing the cloud based educational applications and what is the role of these applications in increasing the efficiency of electronic learning in the universities of Jordan. The study is evidence from Jordan and data was collected from teachers and students of five major universities of Jordan through an online survey tool. Results shows that there is a positive highly significant relation between clouds based educational applications such as Google App Microsoft, Amazon, IBM, Google Drive, Team viewer, Skype, Net meeting, WebEx with the electronic learning in Jordan Universities. Findings are beneficial for those universities and educational institute which are not using or offering these cloud based educational applications, so they will come to know how these applications can play a vital role in e-learning educations.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Bader Methqal AlFawwaz</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 4 (2017); pp. 30-42</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Effect of Cloud Based Educational Applications in E-learning: Evidence from Jordan</text>
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