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                <text>Solomon Mahanan, Mangai</text>
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                <text>Ken Nee, Chee</text>
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                <text>Internal Visualization challenges concerning sub-microscopic particles in chemistry often result in some difficulties in learning the change of state of matter. Therefore, this study aims at developing an augmented reality ProCAR module that utilizes a project-based learning approach to facilitate learning changes of matter. This study employs ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) instructional design model. The quality of the module was evaluated by a group of 5 Chemistry teacher-educator experts of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to identify the suitability of the module. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) percentages were determined and the feedback was analyzed based on thematic analysis. The result shows that 100% of its learning objectives, Content, Usability, and Assessment and 75% of its performances were good and reliable all having IRR value 75% and above. Such revealed that AR Module is potentially effective for the teaching phase change to Secondary school students.  Recommendations for future studies were highlighted</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mangai Solomon Mahanan, Nor Hasniza Ibrahim, Johari Surif, Chee Ken Nee</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 23 (2021); pp. 72-88</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>AR Module for Learning Changes of Matter in Chemistry</text>
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                <text>Badawood, Ashraf</text>
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                <text>Technological enhancements as well as the demand of students to access learning information on time and quickly has resulted to the development of e-learning across the world. Mobile learning has been adopted by most learning institution as a mobile technology that allows learners to access learning materials and share information among themselves and respective educators easily and quickly. This article discusses the intention of users in learning environment adopting m-learning, their perceptions as well as factors that hinder implementation of m-learning in the gulf region. Effective mobile technology adoption also enhances knowledge management through mobile applications that allow information capture, storage, retrieval and sharing.  This study uses systematic literature review to collect information from post 2017 studies previous conducted by other researchers. Articles were searched through highly ranked databases from which 657 journals were identified. After the screening and eligibility assessment, 24 journals were retrieved. The back and forward search retrieved 4 more journals bringing the total to 28 journals that were included in the study. Based on this information, a conceptual model is developed to help assess the m-learning perceptions, adoption intentions and factors influencing its adoption among learning institutions in the gulf region. This model is built based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Based on the developed model, main constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence are greatly impacted by other factors like learner’s creativity and mobility.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/27335</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/27335/10483</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Ashraf Badawood, Hamad AlBadri</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 49-60</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>M-learning</text>
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                <text>Technology Based Model of a Mobile Knowledge as a Service to Facilitate Education Community</text>
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                <text>Al Reshan, Mana Saleh</text>
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                <text>Information Security is the foremost concern for IoT (Internet of things) devices and applications. Since the advent of IoT, its applications and devices have experienced an exponential increase in numerous applications which are utilized. Nowadays we people are becoming smart because we started using smart devices like a smartwatch, smart TV, smart home appliances. These devices are part of the IoT devices. The IoT device differs widely in capacity storage, size, computational power, and supply of energy. With the rapid increase of IoT devices in different IoT fields, information security, and privacy are not addressed well. Most IoT devices having constraints in computational and operational capabilities are a threat to security and privacy, also prone to cyber-attacks. This study presents a CIA triad-based information security implementation for the four-layer architecture of the IoT devices. An overview of layer-wise threats to the IoT devices and finally suggest CIA triad-based security techniques for securing the IoT devices.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mana Saleh Al Reshan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 61-76</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>IoT-based Application of Information Security Triad</text>
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                <text>Tenh, Hock Kuan</text>
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                <text>Shiratuddin, Norshuhada</text>
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                <text>Adaptive augmented reality (AAR) is the latest concept of the augmented reality that responds and adapts to a real-time context and thecharacteristics of the users. This concept is said to provide adaptation of 3Daugmented reality, better engagement and more emotional experience to theusers. In AAR, the information is provided to the users through interaction tracking and sensor on the device. However, this technology is still in itsinfancy. Therefore, a study to explore positive ways of providing relevantinformation that can enhance user experience is urgently required. Theobjective of this paper is to identify the components of an AAR model forheritage mobile application. It is hypothesized that such model would enhance user experience and provide better engagement. Consequently, models from past studies on Augmented Reality, UX Design and storytelling are reviewed. Findings indicate that personalization and emotion are among the important components. Inclusion of these components seems to allow users to be more engaged and inspired to learn about the cultural heritage, hence enhances user experience.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 HOCK KUAN TENH, Norshuhada Shiratuddin</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 02 (2022); pp. 17-27</text>
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                <text>Over the last few years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the stage of education has clearly shifted from face-to-face instruction to e-learning. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) paved the way for developing alternative and advanced methods for implementing the concept of e-learning by identifying what aids educational applications and platforms in visualizing content and thus providing students and their education with easy access in their homes during quarantine and providing them with easy access to educational materials throughout time. Students' impressions of the impact of the human-computer interaction process on the quality of e-learning at Tafila Technical University are discussed in this study. Within one year and four months of the COVID-19 quarantine, students got sufficient experience to apply e-learning. Students responded to a questionnaire that contained closed-ended questions. The responses were analyzed to ascertain the influence of the continual human-computer interaction process. The study's primary objective was to determine the beneficial effect of this contact on the quality of e-learning. Despite their academic and academic performance being greatly impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, students' positive attitudes toward e-learning have been extremely enthusiastic.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Farhan Alebeisat</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 04 (2022); pp. 58-69</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>E – learning</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Human and Computer Interaction on eLearning Quality</text>
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                <text>A/P Tachinamutu, Mogana</text>
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                <text>Bin Mohd Tahir, Lokman</text>
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                <text>The study investigated the relationship between the overall scientific performance of the pre-test and post-test and the impact of the application of "Microb" on scientific performance. The theme is "microorganisms and their effects". The sample group consisted of 30. Year 5 pupils’ from a primary school in Johor Bahru. They were selected for this quantitative study through purposeful sampling. Investigation, pre-test and post-test are used to collect research data. The results show that based on the four science constructs, year 5 pupils’ acceptance of the “Microb” mobile application is very high. According to the survey results, although there is no relationship between the two overall performance tests and no impact was found in the research, it was found that the “Microb” mobile application has a positive impact on the scientific performance of year 5 pupils’, based on the construct of scientific process skills, understanding, application and knowledge. The results of this research will make an important contribution to the field of education and provide new options for choosing the "Microb" mobile application as an educational tool to strengthen science education. In general, the "Microb" mobile application in technology can be a good educational tool for scientific learning, but educators must organize lesson plans well and not deviate from the focus of learning</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mohd Nihra Haruzuan Mohamad Mohamad Said, Zaleha Abdullah, Mogana A/P Tachinamutu</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 02 (2022); pp. 82-100</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>The Effect of Using ‘Microb’ Mobile Application in Science Learning in Primary School</text>
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                <text>The lack of knowledge about parenting has led to several cases of violence against children. Providing training on parenting skills is a possible solution. This study was presented with the aim of knowing the effectiveness of a mobile parenting training program based on ubiquitous learning to improve parenting skills moderated by parental locus of control. This study used a quasi-experimental design with control and experimental groups. Sampling in this study used purposive sampling with the following criteria for parents: 1) Having children aged 3-6 years, 2) Parents experiencing parenting problems, 3) Children experiencing developmental delays, 4) Willing to participate in the training program to completion. The tests used in this study include testing the validity and reliability of the instrument, classical assumption test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing using Two Way Anova parametric statistics. The results of this study can be concluded that a mobile parenting training program based on unbiquitous learning moderated by a good parental locus of control can improve parenting skills in parents.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Evania Yafie, Zakiah Mohamad Ashari, Norazrena Abu Samah</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 02 (2022); pp. 42-58</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Mobile Parenting Training Program Based on a Ubiquitous Learning Context to Improve Parenting Skill: The Moderating Role Parental Locus of Control</text>
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                <text>Augmented Reality (AR) technology has now become a growing trend within the education field. It has the capability to combine both digital and reality world that subsequently leads to the emergence of new possibilities in im-proving the quality of teaching and learning activities. The objective of this research is mainly to analyse the Computational thinking elements in solving Geometry topic after the intervention of AR application. Qualitative data analysis was employed as the research methodology of this study that in-volved interview protocol with 10 pupils enrolled in Form 1 Mathematics class at one of the selected schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Content analy-sis was then administered using the ATLAS.Ti Version 8 software to identify the codes, themes, and meaning conveyed by the pupils’ answers in the Computational thinking test. Based on the interview and Computational thinking assessment show the pupils’ ability to solve Geometrical problems using Computational thinking elements. The researcher found that Computa-tional thinking elements do exist in problem solving pertaining to the topic of Geometry. However, the order of usage of these Computational thinking el-ements differs among the pupils. This leads to the conclusion that pupils who utilise the AR application with Computational thinking successfully solve Geometrical problems through the help of the Geometrical thinking process that comprises the elements of Abstraction, Generalisation, Decomposition, Algorithmic, and Debugging.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 02 (2022); pp. 28-41</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>The Elements of Computational Thinking in Learning Geometry by Using Augmented Reality Application</text>
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                <text>Lyken-Segosebe, Dawn</text>
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                <text>Bagai, Kelebonye</text>
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                <text>Based on a conceptualization of WhatsApp as a boundary object that permits educational institutions to cross over from in-school teaching to out-of-school teaching, this study investigated the viability of WhatsApp as a mobile learning (m-Learning) technology tool for the continuity of teaching and learning in Botswana during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a narrative review of the literature, we found that WhatsApp’s viability is supported by Botswana’s high mobile phone penetration rate, the extensive coverage of the country’s mobile broadband network, reduced domestic internet prices and research findings of WhatsApp’s technological, educational and academic advantages elsewhere. However, teachers require training to develop relevant technological and pedagogical competences. WhatsApp’s viability also requires inclusive access for all children including those from rural poor families and living with disabilities, and the protection of children learning online from mobile phone dependency and exposure to potentially harmful content and abuse.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Dawn Lyken Segosebe, Gladys Gamariel, Kelebonye Bagai</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 02 (2022); pp. 59-81</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Botswana</text>
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                <text>Boundary Crossing for Education Continuity: Exploring WhatsApp’s Potential in Botswana During and Beyond the Pandemic</text>
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                <text>The research studied the effectiveness of a three-stage Seamless Learning Model with Enhanced Web-Quizzing based on the intensive use of sets of quizzes created in different web-based quiz generators. The findings revealed  that continuous testing using diagnostic, formative, benchmark and summative quizzes, administered at the three stages - familiarisation, formation and assessment, applying such features of seamless learning as learning in various contexts, ubiquitous access to digital learning resources and quizzes, combination of teacher-guided learning, self-directed and collaborative learning, and switching between various learning activities can be an efficient teaching technique in higher education having positive effect on academic performance, motivation, learners’ approaches to studying and course engagement. The testing effect was investigated on the summative tests taken at the end of the three different academic courses. The results showed that online quizzes applied primarily as learning tools with the emphasis on information retrieval and retention resulted in the higher achievements of the experimental group students. The survey conducted with Biggs’s Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) showed the changes in the learners’ motives and approaches to studying revealed in students’ active participation in in-class and out-of-class activities, mastering of the material through understanding rather than mechanical memorizing, the search for additional information and increased attendance. The engagement of the experimental group students in the new quiz-enhanced settings was examined focusing on emotional, skills, participation and performance engagement aspects.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 03 (2022); pp. 4-19</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Seamless Learning Model with Enhanced Web-Quizzing in the Higher Education Setting</text>
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