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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Shafie Rosli, Mohd</text>
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                <text>This paper is exploring on maneuver to improve research instrument reliability in scientific research related to Educational Technology by analyzing the traditional Cronbach’s alpha reliability using SPSS software and the newer statistical tool, AMOS using Construct Reliability (CR) approach. Two sets of data were used as sample to perform the comparison. The first set of data is from a research involving Technology Enhanced Learning Environment. The second data are sampled from research in digital competency. Finding from this paper concluded that, conventional approach of using Cronbach’s alpha have lower reliability than the newer approach of using CR. Using Cronbach’s alpha show tendency toward measuring consistency instead of reliability. CR offer better definition of reliability and give a robust measurement of reliability in research. This paper had shed light into offering alternative approach to the commonly and widely uses of research reliability especially when it involves questionnaire as instrument.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mohd Shafie Rosli, Nor Shela Saleh, Sultan Hammad Alshammari, Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim, Azri Syazwan Atan, Noor Azean Atan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 04 (2021); pp. 109-116</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Educational Technology</text>
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                <text>Questionnaire Reliability</text>
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                <text>Improving Questionnaire Reliability using Construct Reliability for Researches in Educational Technology</text>
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                <text>Maon, Siti Noorsuriani</text>
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                <text>Digital technologies have become powerful tools in today society in many aspects. However, without proper knowledge and guidance, youth is   being challenged with potential hazards of cybercrimes. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare who is at a greater risk of cybercrimes, and to assess whether there is a significant difference in the digital competency between girls and boys at rural areas. Digital competence was measured as technology, cognitive, ethical knowledge and communication, and cybersecurity was measured as intellectual property, privacy, accuracy and accessibility. Questionnaires were distributed to selected secondary schools. Based on the t-test analyses of 211 responses, the findings indicate there is a significant difference in the attitude toward ICT usage between male and female students, as well as significant differences in the behavior of troubleshooting, staying safe online and being credible and in the ethical knowledge. Comparing the cybersecurity traits, gender differentiates the privacy concerns, accuracy and accessibility behavior. As the results are alarming, specific concerns and focus must be placed on youth digital technology usage and education for ensuring they are not neglected, and exposed as cyber victims, but also to raise a responsible e-society with excellent digital citizenship attributes.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20197</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i04.20197</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20197/8753</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40260">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Siti Noorsuriani Maon, Naffisah Mohd Hassan, Noorain Mohamad Yunus, Sri Fatiany Syed Abdul Kader Jailani, Erne Suzila Kassim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40261">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 04 (2021); pp. 73-84</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40262">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Digital Competency</text>
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                <text>Gender Differences in Digital Competence Among Secondary School Students</text>
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                <text>Lu, Wang</text>
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                <text>Mustapha, Siti Maziha</text>
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                <text>Abdullah, Nabilah</text>
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                <text>Abstract—Increasingly, blended learning courses are being offered in schools throughout China. One of the key factors influencing the effectiveness of blended learning is students’ acceptance. The researchers proposed six predictive dimensions that contribute to students’ acceptance for blended learning, namely, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, learning climate, attitudes towards online learning, attitudes towards classroom learning and personal charm of the instructor. One existing questionnaire is adapted, together with the interview data with university undergraduates, generating 63 items for the initial questionnaire. The first draft of the scale was distributed to 180 university students in Hubei Province, China. Data collected were analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Eleven items were deleted based on the Exploratory Factor Analysis results. Then the second pilot was done to purify the scale further. 191 questionnaires were distributed, and the data collected were processed by EFA again. One item was removed in the second pilot and 51 items were reserved for the final version of the scale. The final adapted version of Blended Learning Acceptance Scale (BLAS) is reported to possess high levels of reliability and validity. The BLAS can be used to investigate Chinese University students’ acceptance for blended learning so that better opinions can be put forward to improve the effectiveness of blended learning.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20195</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i04.20195</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20195/8757</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40236">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Wang Lu, Siti Maziha Mustapha, Nabilah Abdullah</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 04 (2021); pp. 101-108</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Blended Learning</text>
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                <text>Acceptance</text>
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                <text>Scale</text>
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                <text>Constructing and Validating University Students’ Blended Learning Acceptance Scale</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40202">
                <text>Fatah Maulani, Galih Abdul</text>
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                <text>Hamdani, Nizar Alam</text>
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                <text>Nugraha, Sukma</text>
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                <text>Solihat, Asri</text>
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                <text>Sapril Mubarok, Teten Mohamad</text>
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                <text>Abstract— Information technology encourages various forms of organizations to always adapt to changes so that they can sustain their business for a long time. Higher education institutions are organizational entities required to use information technology to support existing business processes. This study aims to examine the extent to which information technology resources have an influence on innovation performance in higher education. Quantitative research methods are used to determine this influence by involving 97 respondents who work in higher education institutions in Garut, Indonesia, besides processing and modeling research using SmartPLS. The results of the analysis show that information technology resources have an essential role in creating innovation performance improvement in higher education institutions, especially in terms of product innovation. The research was conducted only at private universities in Garut Regency. Therefore, further research involving universities in a nationwide scope is recommended. The results of this study imply that it is necessary for universities, which are expected to be ready for changes, to involve information technology in the creation of innovation in order for them to survive. The effect of information technology resources on the performance of innovation in private universities in Garut Regency has never been studied before; therefore, we consider that our study provides a novel contribution to the field.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20193</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40215">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Galih Abdul Fatah Maulani, Nizar Alam Hamdani, Sukma Nugraha, Asri Solihat, Teten Mohamad Sapril Mubarok</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40216">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 04 (2021); pp. 117-125</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40217">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40218">
                <text>Information Technology Resources</text>
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                <text>Higher Educa-tion Institutions</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Information Technology Resources and Innovation Performance in Higher Education</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Abu Bakar, Nashirah</text>
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                <text>Rosbi, Sofian</text>
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                <text>Abu Bakar, Azizi</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40183">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40184">
                <text>Abstract—The objective of this study is to evaluate student performance using fuzzy set theory in Islamic Finance online course. This study focuses on selecting best individual among 30 students that registered for Islamic Bank Management course. The variables that involved in this study are online quiz marks, online assignment marks and online self-learning time.  The outcome of the fuzzy set analysis was compared with final examination data. The methodology of this study involving converting real data to fuzzy set, intersection calculation, decision analysis using maximizing approach. Result of fuzzy set shows the best individual score is 0.9. This student selected as best candidate for student performance in online learning with considering three variables namely online quizzes, online assignment and online self-learning hour. The comparison with final examination marks shows a good agreement with fuzzy set theory that concluded best individual from fuzzy set theory exhibits highest performance during final examination. The main finding of this study can help educators to predict the best performer in online learning class. In the same time, finding of this study can act as guideline to advise students in achieving their desired grade for online learning course.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20191</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i07.20191</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40188">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40189">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40190">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20191/9079</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40191">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Nashirah Abu Bakar, Sofian Rosbi, Azizi Abu Bakar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40192">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 07 (2021); pp. 202-209</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40193">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40194">
                <text>Fuzzy Set Theory</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40195">
                <text>Student Performance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40196">
                <text>Online Learning</text>
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                <text>Islamic Fi-nance</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40198">
                <text>Evaluation of Students Performance using Fuzzy Set Theory in Online Learning of Islamic Finance Course</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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  <item itemId="1911" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40160">
                <text>Zanuddin, Hasmah</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40161">
                <text>Shaid, Nursyamira</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40162">
                <text>2021-02-26</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Online news media and social media applications recorded an unprecedented success in just few of the recent years. However, online news media and social media domain are still little understood in term of usage among aborigines or Orang Asli in Malaysia. Thus, this research is to see the social perceived value on social media and online news portal among Orang Asli. A quantitative research design is used based on data will be collected via questionnaire from Orang Asli at Kampung Batu 12, Gombak, Selangor, at the outskirt of Kuala Lumpur. Questionnaires were distributed to 50 Orang Asli aged 15 and above. Factor analysis was used to examined the data. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extracts new factor, Online media usage impact. The social values perceived (16 items) factor was examined. After identifying the component based on an examination of eigenvalues and scree plot, rotation was done by varimax method. The items with 0.5 loadings or greater are considered practically significant.  The findings showed that most of the Orang Asli gathered current information and news from the social media and social media is the gateway to online news portal. Furthermore, despite of financial circumstances, they willing to spend in order to have the internet access as it gave positive social values in their life, plus the applications internet access were all user friendly.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20189</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40166">
                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i04.20189</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40167">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40168">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40169">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20189/8751</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40170">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Hasmah Zanuddin, Nursyamira Shaid</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40171">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 04 (2021); pp. 61-72</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40172">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40173">
                <text>Perceived Value</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40174">
                <text>Social Media</text>
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                <text>Orang Asli</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40176">
                <text>Social Perceived Value on Social Media and Online News Portal: Benefits to The Aborigines Women in Malaysia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40177">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40179">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40138">
                <text>Ali Hussien, Naseer</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40139">
                <text>Daleh Al-Magsoosi, Alaa Abdulhussein</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40140">
                <text>AlRikabi, Haider Th. Salim</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40141">
                <text>Theyab Abed, Faisal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40142">
                <text>2021-04-09</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>One of the instrumental functional overheads in many commercial edifices and industrial plants is the electricity bill. The design and development of a Smart Power monitoring device used to make monitoring on the electrical parameters represented as voltage, current, and power of Wasit university buildings. The system has a unit with smart sensing to detect and control the electrical devices employed for daily activities by following different tariff rates. It has the capability to decrease consumer costs improving grid stability. A developed model was broadly examined and experimental results comparing these results with devices of conventional measuring. The Arduino based wireless powering meter is a non-invasive existing meter for domiciliary power with a WI-FI Connection. A split-core is used to measure the current transformers. 802.11b connection is a means for transmitting data through the home’s wireless router to the base station and monitoring web portal based on wireless sensor network. A clear projection for domestic data use is one of the aims of this project. By these data, it can supply estimation to consuming power. Optimizing and reducing power usage are the objectives of providing such data.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20183</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40146">
                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i07.20183</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40147">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40148">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40149">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/20183/9053</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40150">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi, Naseer Ali Hussien, Alaa Abdulhussein Daleh Al-magsoosi, Faisal Theyab Abed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40151">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 07 (2021); pp. 17-29</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40152">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40153">
                <text>Monitoring device</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40154">
                <text>Power Consumption</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40155">
                <text>Internet of Things.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Monitoring the Consumption of Electrical Energy Based on the Internet of Things Applications</text>
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                <text>The implementation of face recognition technique using CCTV is able to prevent unauthorized person enter the gate. Face recognition can be used for authentication, which can be implemented for preventing of criminal incidents. This re-search proposed a face recognition system using convolutional neural network to open and close the real-time barrier gate. The process consists of a convolutional layer, pooling layer, max pooling, flattening, and fully connected layer for detecting a face. The information was sent to the microcontroller using Internet of Thing (IoT) for controlling the barrier gate. The face recognition results are used to open or close the gate in the real time. The experimental results obtained average error rate of 0.320 and the accuracy of success rate is about 93.3%. The average response time required by microcontroller is about 0.562ms. The simulation result show that the face recognition technique using CNN is highly recommended to be implemented in barrier gate system.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mochammad Langgeng Prasetyo, Achmad Teguh Wibowo, Ferda Ernawan, Mujib Ridwan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 10 (2021); pp. 138-153</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>barrier gate system</text>
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                <text>Face Recognition Using the Convolutional Neural Network for Barrier Gate System</text>
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                <text>Security attacks become daily news due to an exposure of a security threat in a widely used software. Taking software security into consideration during the analysis, design, and implementation phases is a must. A software application should be protected against any security threat such as unauthorized distribution or code retrieval. Due to the lack of applying a software security standard architecture, developers may create software that may be vulnerable to many types of security threats. This paper begins by reviewing different types of known software security threats and their countermeasure mechanisms. Then, it proposes a new security optimization architecture for software applications. This architecture is a step towards establishing a standard to guarantee the software's security. Furthermore, it proposes an adapted software security optimization architecture for mobile applications. Besides, it presents an algorithmic implementation of the newly proposed architecture, then it proves its security. Moreover, it builds a secure mobile application based on the newly proposed architecture.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Amr Abozeid, AbdAllah Adel AlHabshy, Kamal ElDahshan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 11 (2021); pp. 148-165</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Reverse engineering</text>
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                <text>A Software Security Optimization Architecture (SoSOA) and its Adaptation for Mobile Applications</text>
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                <text>Dirin, Amir</text>
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                <text>Williams, Päivi</text>
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                <text>Constant changes in a business context and software development make it important to understand how software quality assurance (SQA) should respond. Examining SQA from supplier and client perspectives, this study explores how different groups of SQA practitioners perceive future needs. A survey (n = 93) conducted in fall 2017 explored the views of SQA organizations on future trends. The results indicate that SQA organizations differ slightly in their attitudes to quality categories, as do different groups of SQA practitioners. It is argued that these differences should be taken into account when developing and implementing future SQA strategy. It is further argued that the found basic enables SQA management, evaluation of new practices, and allocation of resources to ensure that all quality categories remain balanced in the future.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40077">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Altti Lagstedt, Amir Dirin, Päivi Williams</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 134-154</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Software Quality Assurance</text>
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                <text>Quality Practitioners’ Differing Perspectives on Future Software Quality Assurance Practices</text>
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