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                <text>This book explores the evolution of the 30 functioning multilateraldevelopment banks (MDBs). MDBs have their roots in the growing systemof international finance and multilateral cooperation, with the firstrecognisable MDB being proposed by Latin America in financial cooperationwith the US in the late 1930s. That Inter-American Bank did not eventuatebut was a precursor to the World Bank being negotiated at Bretton Woodsin 1944. Since then, a complex network of regional, sub-regional, andspecialised development banks has progressively emerged across theglobe, including two significant recent entrants established by China andthe BRICS.MDBs arrange loans, credits, and guarantees for investment in memberstates, generally with the stated aim of fostering economic growth. Theyoperate in both the Global North and South, though there are more MDBsfocusing on emerging and developing states. While the World Bank andsome of the larger regional banks have been scrutinised, little attention hasbeen paid to the smaller banks or the overall system. This book providesthe first study of all 30 MDBs and it evaluates their interrelationships. Itanalyses the emergence of the MDBs in relation to geopolitics,development paradigms and debt. It includes sections on each of the banksas well as on how MDBs have approached the key sectors of infrastructure,human development, and climate.This book will be of particular interest to researchers of developmentfinance, global governance, and international political economy.</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 56 No. 4 (2021); 169-176</text>
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                <text>Adrian Robert Bazbauers and Susan Engel: The Global Architecture of Multilateral Development Banks: A System of Debt or Development?</text>
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                <text>At the root of inequality, unemployment, and populism are radical changesin the world economy. Digital technology is allowing talented foreigners totelecommute into our workplaces and compete for service and professionaljobs. Instant machine translation is melting language barriers, so the ranksof these "tele-migrants" will soon include almost every educated person inthe world. Computing power is dissolving humans' monopoly on thinking,enabling AI-trained computers to compete for many of the same white-collar jobs. The combination of globalization and robotics is creating theglobotics upheaval, and it threatens the very foundations of the liberalwelfare-state.Richard Baldwin, one of the world's leading globalization experts, arguesthat the inhuman speed of this transformation threatens to overwhelm ourcapacity to adapt. From computers in the office to automatic orderingsystems in restaurants, we are familiar with the how digital technologiesoffer convenience while also eliminating jobs. Globotics will disrupt the livesof millions of white-collar workers much faster than automation,industrialization, and globalization disrupted the lives of factory workers inprevious centuries. The result will be a backlash. Professional, white-collar,and service workers will agitate for a slowing of the unprecedented pace ofdisruption, as factory workers have done in years past.Baldwin argues that the globotics upheaval will be countered in the shortrun by "shelter-ism" - government policies that shelter some service jobsfrom tele-migrants and thinking computers. In the long run, people willwork in more human jobs-activities that require real people to use theuniquely human ability of independent thought-and this will strengthenbonds in local communities. Offering effective strategies such as focusingon the social value of work, The Globotics Upheaval will help people preparefor the oncoming wave of an advanced robotic workforce.</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 55 No. 2 (2020); 65-69</text>
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                <text>As demonstrated in any conflict, war is violent and causes grave harms toinnocent persons, even when fought in compliance with just war criteria. Inthis book, Rosemary Kellison presents a feminist critique of just warreasoning, with particular focus on the issue of responsibility for harm tononcombatants. Contemporary just war reasoning denies the violence ofwar by suggesting that many of the harms caused by war are necessary,though regrettable, injuries for which inflicting agents bear noresponsibility. She challenges this narrow understanding of responsibilitythrough a feminist ethical approach that emphasizes the relationality ofhumans and the resulting asymmetries in their relative power andvulnerability. According to this approach, the powerful individual andcollective agents who inflict harm during war are responsible forrecognizing and responding to the vulnerable persons they harm, andthereby reducing the likelihood of future violence. Kellison's volume goesbeyond abstract theoretical work to consider the real implications of animportant ethical problem.</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2019); 77-80</text>
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                <text>Rosemary Kellison: Expanding Responsibility for the Just War: A Feminist Critique</text>
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                <text>In this paper, an effort has been made to evaluate the present shipbuilding industries in Bangladesh. To do this, at first an overall picture of this industries have been depicted by identifying the actual shipbuilding practice in both public and private sector. Relevant data have been explored through extensive review of literature, field visits, interacting with shipyard and Ship owners, shipyard managers, Government regulatory and monitoring bodies using structured, unstructured and open ended questionnaires. Existing and upcoming yards have been identified and yards have been categorized by describing the shipyard in terms of modern shipbuilding requirements. The labor cost, labor hour, relative labor rate, productivity etc. have been quantified and compared with other nations. An investigation of cost breakdown of a sample exportable quality ship has been assessed to find out percentage of local components of total cost structure. The potentiality, capability and problems of the shipbuilding sector of Bangladesh have been identified &amp;amp; some recommendations have been made in line with this study.DOI: 10.3329/jname.v7i2.5407</text>
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                <text>Flipped classroom emphasizes the following. First, the instructor uses a digital platform to store course contents, including video lectures. Then, students retrieve these contents from the platform and learn by themselves before class. Finally, the instructor helps the students acquire their knowledge by asking questions in class, thereby helping the students to attain their learning goals. In previous studies, it was found that students might be affected by their peers and their own personalities, causing them not to express their opinions and views; this in turn might cause the students not to learn well; in some extreme cases, some students might even give up entirely. To solve the problem that students may hesitate to ask questions in class, this research developed a mobile anonymous question-raising system (MAQ) and used it to help students raise questions. By conducting an educational experiment, it was found that the use of MAQ in class could indeed help students to learn better in a flipped classroom setting.</text>
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                <text>The world has seen a rapid development in mobile devices in recent years. Mobile devices have the advantage of immediacy and convenience. Their uses are not restricted to desktops and classrooms. Many assisted learning systems run on mobile devices. These systems give students the opportunity to learn anytime and anywhere. Language learning is one of the key research issues underlying the development of such systems. There are many ways to use mobile devices to teaching English. This includes the use of pictured flash card to learn English vocabulary, a teaching approach that has been shown to be effective. In the current research, an assisted learning system was developed for learning English vocabulary. It combines pictured flash cards with stories. The goal was to see whether the addition of stories to pictured flash cards for learning English vocabulary could have a significant effect on learning motivation, learning achievement, and anxiety. As the result of an associated educational experiment showed, students generally agreed with the use of such a system to help them learn English vocabulary, and they also made use of leisure time to learn. Compared to students using “plain” pictured flash card for learning, students using pictured flash cards with stories had a significantly lower level of anxiety, and they also learn better as far as learning motivation and achievement were concerned.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/11723</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Chien-Hung Lai</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 04 (2020); pp. 4-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32802">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Flash Card</text>
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                <text>story-based</text>
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                <text>learning motivation</text>
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                <text>learning achievement</text>
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                <text>anxiety in learning English</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Integrating Flash Cards with Narratives for Mobile Learning of English Vocabulary</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Lai, Chien-Hung</text>
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                <text>Jong, Bin-Shyan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33168">
                <text>Hsia, Yen-Teh</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33169">
                <text>Lin, Tsong-Wuu</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020-04-17</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>There have been lots of studies using traditional concept assessment to measure student’s learning achievement. This study adding game elements in concept assessment try to measure student’s learning achievement, and compare this result with traditional concept assessment to see what’s the difference between traditional concept assessment and adding game element in concept assessment.     Traditional concept assessment using SPRT method in multiple-choice to measure student’s concept mastery, our study using the same method and present this method in concept game so that student won’t feel boring and tiring during this assessment. Our study observe each student’s feedback and their concept mastery by using game element to display concept assessment, and analyze is using concept game assessment can shorten student’s test time and improve student learning concept knowledge after assessment, the result shows that when student using concept game assessment they can know their concept mastery immediately by seeing process bar present as their life so the test time will be shorten, and student’s concept knowledge was improved after concept game assessment. Student’s feedback shows that they prefer concept game assessment because they can measure their concept mastery during the concept game assessment; this study shows that adding game element in concept assessment can improve student’s concept mastery and shorten the test time student took.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33173">
                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/12057</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33174">
                <text>10.3991/ijim.v14i06.12057</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33176">
                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/12057/6873</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33178">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Chien-Hung Lai</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33179">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 06 (2020); pp. 159-170</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33180">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33181">
                <text>Concept assessment</text>
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                <text>concept game assessment</text>
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                <text>SPRT</text>
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                <text>concept mastery.</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33185">
                <text>Applying Concept Map to Game-Base Concept Assessment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="15984">
                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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    </collection>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33488">
                <text>Lai, Chien-Hung</text>
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                <text>Jong, Bin-Shyan</text>
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                <text>Hsia, Yen-Teh</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33491">
                <text>Lin, Tsong-Wuu</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020-11-24</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Most students are not actively concerned about curriculum activity times. However, without reminders, students will miss out on learning opportunities from the course activities. Therefore, due to the use of smartphones — which are central to people's everyday lives —, this study combined apps and the curriculum to develop a course activity notification system — Mobile Secretary of Operating Systems (MSOS) —­, as a curriculum reminder tool. This tool reminds the student of the curriculum activity times anytime and anywhere, like a secretary. This study also investigates students’ preferences between three distinct reminder tools — the reminder app, e-mail notifications and online learning platform announcements — in terms of their effectiveness in accessing curriculum-related matters, and in previewing and reviewing courses. Additionally, the study examines the efficacy of the MSOS app by comparing the questionnaire results of the students who used the app and those who did not use it. From the results of the questionnaire, it is also ascertained whether those students who used MSOS consider the app to be more convenient and immediate than e-mail notifications and the online learning platform, both in giving access to curriculum-related matters and in previewing and reviewing courses.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/12519</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33496">
                <text>10.3991/ijim.v14i19.12519</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/12519/8219</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33500">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Chien-Hung Lai, Bin-Shyan Jong</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33501">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 19 (2020); pp. 82-96</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33503">
                <text>Learning Motivation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33504">
                <text>Mobile Learning</text>
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                <text>Reminder Tool</text>
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                <text>Using Reminder Tools to Increase Learning Motivation: A Comparison of Mobile Devices, Email and E-learning Platforms</text>
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