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                <text>During the past decades, smart farming became one of the most important revolutions in the agriculture industry. Smart farming makes use of different communication technologies and modern information sciences for increasing the quality and quantity of the product. On the other hand, drones showed a major potential for enhancing imagery systems and remote sensing usage for many different applications such as crop classification, crop health monitoring, and weed management. In this paper, an intelligent method for classifying crops is proposed to use a transfer learning approach based on a number of drone images. Moreover, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is used as a classifier to improve efficiency for obtaining more accurate results in the training and testing phases. Various metrics are measured to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model such as accuracy rate of detection, error rate and confusing matrix. It is found to be proven from the experimental results that the proposed method presents more efficient results with an accuracy detection rate of 92.93%.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi; Bandar  Al-Rami, Khattab M. Ali  Alheeti, Waleed M.  Aldosari, Saeed Matar  Alshahrani, Shahad Mahdi  Al-Abrez</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 09 (2022); pp. 164-174</text>
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                <text>A New Classification Method for Drone-Based Crops in Smart Farming</text>
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                <text>The continuous advancements in wireless network systems have reshaped the healthcare systems towards using emerging communication technologies at different levels. This paper makes two major contributions. Firstly, a new monitoring and tracking wireless system is developed to handle the COVID-19 spread problem. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), i.e., drones, are used as base stations as well as data collection points from Internet of Things (IoT) devices on the ground. These UAVs are also able to exchange data with other UAVs and cloud servers. Secondly, this paper introduces a new reinforcement learning (RL) framework for learning the optimal signal-aware UAV trajectories under quality of service constraints. The proposed RL algorithm is instrumental in making the UAV movement decisions that maximize the signal power at the receiver and the data collected from the ground agents. Simulation experiments confirm that the system overcomes conventional wireless monitoring systems and demonstrates efficiency especially in terms of flexible continues connectivity, line-of sight visibility, and collision avoidance.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Ayoub Alsarhan, Islam Almalkawi, Yousef Kilani</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 22 (2021); pp. 111-126</text>
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                <text>Contact Tracing</text>
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                <text>A New Democratic Space in South Africa? – Mobilizing Towards Land Rights and Social Justice</text>
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                <text>This paper presents a new algorithm in an important research field which is the semantic word similarity estimation. A new feature-based algorithm is proposed for measuring the word semantic similarity for the Arabic language. It is a highly systematic language where its words exhibit elegant and rigorous logic. The score of sematic similarity between two Arabic words is calculated as a function of their common and total taxonomical features. An Arabic knowledge source is employed for extracting the taxonomical features as a set of all concepts that subsumed the concepts containing the compared words. The previously developed Arabic word benchmark datasets are used for optimizing and evaluating the proposed algorithm. In this paper, the performance of the new feature-based algorithm is compared against the performance of seven ontology-based algorithms adapted to Arabic. The results of the evaluation and comparison experiments show that the new proposed algorithm outperforms the adapted word similarity algorithms on the Arabic word benchmark dataset. The proposed algorithm will be included in the AWN-similarity which is free open-source software for Arabic.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi; Faaza A. Almarsoomi, Israa A. Alwan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 18 (2022); pp. 4-18</text>
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                <text>Mobile apps play an increasingly important role in healthcare institutions by enhancing the quality of healthcare services. Their role in sport injury prevention is also instrumental. In this article, we propose a system architecture for ski injury registration using mobile apps. Our work follows the idea of integrating and using mHealth apps to manage skiing injuries and to provide higher healthcare service quality and faster availability of data. With this work, we aim to greatly simplify the information workflow between the ski patrollers and the medical centers. Having the right information in the right place and on the right time for the injured person, the ski patroller then delivers to the medical centers that information in a format that is easy to analyze by the medical personnel and be prepared for possible interventions. To develop the mobile interfaces for the ski patrollers, nurses and doctors, we employ user-centered design. The overall system features and implementation are also explained and described in this paper. For evaluation purposes of our proposed system architecture, we have conducted a pilot test of the ski patroller system in collaboration with the ski patrollers in the ski resort of Trysil in Norway. The test had two evaluation points and based on the results of the tests, we obtained implications for enhancing the design of mobile interfaces for the proposed architecture.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Sule Yildirim Yayilgan, Yang Du, Fisnik Dalipi, Jonas Jeppesen</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 10 No. 4 (2016); pp. 4-10</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>skiing ingjuries</text>
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                <text>mobile apps</text>
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                <text>A New Ski Injury Registration System Architecture Using Mobile Applications to Enhance Skiing Safety</text>
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                <text>Najm, Hayder</text>
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                <text>Hoomod, Haider K.</text>
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                <text>Hassan, Rehab</text>
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                <text>The concept Web of Things (WoT) goes well beyond the emphasis on the Internet as a means of sharing data, instead of introducing all resources and connections involving computers, data, and people to the Web. It, therefore, focuses on a range of problems and opportunities, thus paving the way for several exciting industries applications.  In cryptography a range of main characteristics of chaotic systems such as non-linearity, initial condition sensitivity, and mixing properties are available. These characteristics provide an essential connection between cryptography and chaos. GOST block cipher is based on secret key secrecy. However, when the encryption process with the same key is used for plaintext, the same cipher text is created. Message replication can be easily detected by an adversary who is a bad link in every communication. In this paper, propose to use a 5d chaotic system combined with GOST block cipher to create a new secure Web of Things (WoT) cryptography system. The 5D chaotic system was used to generate chaotic random keys used in GOST algorithm to provide proper security with as high hardness randomly enhances the NIST fifteen statistical tests and modifies key schedule as security operations.</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/19961/8655</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="39877">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi, Hayder Najm, Haider K. Hoomod, Rehab Hassan</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 02 (2021); pp. 184-199</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Web of Things (WoT)</text>
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                <text>cryptography</text>
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                <text>block cipher</text>
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                <text>and chaotic system</text>
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                <text>A New WoT Cryptography Algorithm Based on GOST and Novel 5d Chaotic System</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Almalkawi, Islam T.</text>
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                <text>Raed, Jafar</text>
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                <text>Alsarhan, Ayoub</text>
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                <text>Abdallah, Alaa</text>
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                <text>Abdallah, Emad</text>
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                <text>Even though many security schemes proposed for wireless sensor networks protect transmitted data content from being revealed to different types of attacks and fulfill most of the desired security requirements, they are not addressing concealing the privacy of the contextual information. Contextual information such as event occurrence, event time, and event location can be exposed to an adversary by just monitoring network packet transmission. This kind of information is very important because it can leak location information of key nodes or even detected events themselves. Therefore, proposing a contextual unobservability scheme is a challenging task in sensor networks considering many issues: the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, the different attacker models, the network resource constraints, and the overhead on system performance. Most of the existing location privacy schemes are not addressing all these issues and are either not efficient against global adversaries or degrade significantly network performance. Thus in this paper, we propose an efficient location contextual anonymity scheme for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) that exploits the cross-layer joint design among the application, routing, and MAC layers. Our proposed location unobservability scheme combines the source coding technique, probabilistic packet transmission, multipath routing, and priority-based dropping policy to enhance the efficiency level of the provided privacy service without noticeably affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement for delivering multimedia content in WMSN. Performance evaluation results show that our proposed privacy mechanism outperforms other proposed location privacy techniques in terms of privacy efficiency (safety period) and network performance (end-to-end delay and energy consumption).</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/18327</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i03.18327</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Islam T. Almalkawi, Ayoub Alsarhan, Jafar Raed, Alaa Abdallah, Emad Abdallah</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 03 (2021); pp. 43-69</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN)</text>
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                <text>Contextual Unobservability</text>
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                <text>Source/Sink Location Privacy</text>
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                <text>image processing</text>
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                <text>Global Attacks</text>
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                <text>and Cross-layer Optimization</text>
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                <text>A Novel and Efficient Priority-Based Cross-Layer Contextual Unobservability Scheme Against Global Attacks for WMSNs</text>
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