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                <text>Japan is in the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt, and earthquakes happen frequently. Foreigners who lack the necessary earthquake knowledge and escape skills may not survive strong earthquakes in Japan. Therefore, it is essential to provide earthquake education to these foreigners. Since rich-formed earthquake education has been available for foreigners living in Japan, this research works to improve the earthquake education situation for foreigners who intend to visit Japan. Receiving earthquake education in advance helps enhance foreigners’ earthquake risk awareness, gain more opportunities to master earthquake survival knowledge, and build earthquake survival confidence. This paper proposed a learning model called ‘FOE+G’ to achieve this research goal. ‘FOE’ means the frequency of occurrence of earthquakes in Japan, and ‘G’ means gamification. A prototype system in the form of a cross-platform application has been developed to confirm that the learning model improves earthquake education for the target audience. The application delivers an earthquake notification to target objects each time an eligible earthquake occurs in Japan. The High-frequency earthquakes in Japan lead to relatively frequent updates, which enable users to build earthquake awareness, realise the importance of earthquake education, and participate more actively in it. Furthermore, gamification is employed in the application to prompt participation in earthquake education.</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2012); 1-26</text>
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                <text>The Difference Between Treaty Interpretation and Treaty Application and the Possibility to Account for Non-WTO Treaties During WTO Treaty Interpretation</text>
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                <text>The objective of National Service Scheme (NSS) is toincrease levels of social consciousness by getting studentsinvolved in activities that address individual andcommunity needs. Although there is an incentive, by wayof additional marks that students obtain for 120 hours ofwork, NSS offers opportunities for personal growth, andcharacter development through community service.Participation in NSS activities has instilled in many, thedesire to bring about social change. The present studyexplores the following questions: What motivates NSSparticipation? What are the goals that are accomplishedand motives that are fulfilled through NSS participation?Would involving students in designing, planning andimplementing NSS related activities have greatermotivational and other benefits? What are the benefits oflinking NSS activities and academics? Would studentlearning be enhanced? Would there be a betterassimilation of concepts studied? Would NSSparticipation provide the base for experiential learningthat can be related to concepts discussed in theclassroom? Answers to the questions raised above haveimplications for adapting or extending NSS along thelines of service learning. The integration of experientialeducation or a practical/applied dimension to theoreticalissues addressed in the classroom, would not merelyincrease interest and understanding but also makestudents independent learners, and when applied to the community related issues, help to sensitize and motivatethem to contribute to the common good.</text>
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                <text>The Benefits of Participation in National Service Scheme</text>
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                <text>Mitt Romney or Barack Obama: this is the choice Pennsylvanian voters will have in November as the 2012 presidential election draws closer. The voters of Pennsylvania will be at the height of importance in the history of American presidential elections, playing a key role as one of the leading battleground states in this upcoming election. With twenty electoral votes, tied for the fifth most of any state in the country, both campaigns will look to focus a great amount of time and money on trying to win this crucial state. And at the center of this fierce battle between the current GOP presumptive nominee and the President of the United States are four counties that comprise the suburbs of Philadelphia. These counties will ultimately decide the fate of Pennsylvania’s electoral votes, and possibly even the election itself.</text>
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                <text>Key to the 2012 Presidential Election: The Philadelphia Suburbs</text>
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                <text>Nowadays, data collection has become an activity inherent in the emergence of any organization. The digital age has enabled the development of mobile data collection apps that are becoming increasingly common around the world. But faced with the growing number of apps offered, Data Managers are often challenged by with the choice of the solution that best suits their case.This study meets this need by providing clear, precise and verified information on each of the selected solutions. The study presents, analyzes and compares four mobile data collection solutions. To achieve an effective comparison, we first chose to collect and select papers on each of the solutions, and then to install and test each of them by executing a data collection process, all the way from the form creation to the visualization of collected data. The comparison presented in this paper was based on technical aspects but also on other important aspects to help users make a good decision.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 13 (2020); pp. 19-35</text>
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                <text>Mobile data collection</text>
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                  <text>Cornell University</text>
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                <text>Pelletier, Frédéric</text>
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                <text>This note describes how collaboration among various providers of legal information can maximize the benefits for their respective users. The phenomenon is described from the perspective of two organizations heavily involved in providing access to law in the province of Quebec, Canada. The Centre d’accès à l’information juridique (CAIJ) serves members of the Quebec Bar by providing online access to case law, legislation and quite a rich selection of secondary materials. With respect to secondary materials, Lexum plays an important role in helping the CAIJ to publish numerous documents in HTML format, which are fully searchable and integrated with other CAIJ collections.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)</text>
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                <text>2372-7152</text>
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                <text>Loveland, Ian</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the brief lifespan (1907–20) of ‘Two Act’ entrenchment, a curious constitutional law idea which emerged in Queensland in the early 1900s. Its origins lay in an argument formulated by Queensland’s then Chief Justice, Pope Cooper, qua defendant in criminal proceedings arising from his refusal to pay income tax on his judicial salary. That argument was that the Constitution Act 1867 (Qld) was a form of ‘fundamental’ or ‘organic’ law which could not be altered by legislation passed in the ordinary way, but which could be changed only by a Two Act legislative process in which the Legislature in Act 1 expressly empowered itself to alter the relevant provision and then in Act 2, again expressly, enacted the relevant alteration. The article considers how it was that an idea which had no textual basis in either Imperial or colonial legislation, for which there was no supportive judicial authority, and which had no precedent in Queensland’s legislative practice, was repeatedly upheld by Queensland’s Supreme Court and Australia’s High Court before being dismissed as wholly without merit by the Privy Council in McCawley v The King; but dismissed in terms which laid the foundation for the Privy Council’s subsequent approval of the proposition (in Trethowan v Attorney-General of New South Wales) that Australia’s State legislatures did indeed possess the legislative competence to enact judicially enforceable entrenchment devices to prevent certain laws being enacted through the ordinary lawmaking process.</text>
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                <text>https://journal.law.uq.edu.au/index.php/uqlj/article/view/6679</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2023 The University of Queensland Law Journal</text>
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                <text>The University of Queensland Law Journal; Forthcoming Articles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57729">
                <text>1839-289X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57730">
                <text>0083-4041</text>
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                <text>constituional law: entrenchment: Queensland</text>
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                <text>'Embarrasing and Even Ridiculous': The Short-Lived Rise and Fall of Chief Justice Pope Cooper's Two Act Entrenchment Thesis in Early 20th Century Queensland</text>
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