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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Maru, Mister Gidion</text>
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                <text>Pikirang, Chris Caesar</text>
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                <text>Setiawan, Slamet</text>
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                <text>Oroh, Elisabeth Z Oroh</text>
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                <text>Pelenkahu, Noldy</text>
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                <text>The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has brought the dependence on the online activities as new behaviors in various aspects of society including education. It defines the reliance upon internet access for learning practices and the tendency toward learning autonomy. Yet, the sudden emergence of the pandemic causes problematic circumstances for learners. Not all learners are ready to be autonomous and to have internet infrastructure. Within this context, the current study addresses learners’ attitudes toward learning autonomy and examines what hinder them to be autonomous. As a descriptive research, this study involves 101 respondents living in Bitung city, a fast growing and harbor city in North Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. They are asked to fill the kind of Likert questionnaire which constitutes the source of data which are statistically analyzed. The results indicates that learners dominantly show positive attitude toward the idea of being autonomous in this pandemic era. In addition, several factors such as bad signal, distraction, self-discipline and lack of motivation occupy the dominant factors hinder learners to establish learning autonomy.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/24553</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i18.24553</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/24553/9953</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mister Gidion Maru, Chris Caesar Pikirang, Slamet Setiawan, Elisabeth Z Oroh Oroh, Noldy Pelenkahu</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 18 (2021); pp. 65-79</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Internet</text>
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                <text>Learning Autonomy</text>
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                <text>Attitude</text>
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                <text>Hindrance</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>The Internet Use for Autonomous Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic and its Hindrances</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>Maru, Mister Gidion</text>
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                <text>Pikirang, Chris Caesar</text>
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                <text>Ratu, Donal M</text>
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                <text>Tuna, Jim Ronny</text>
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                <text>2021-11-19</text>
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                <text>The emergence of the Covid-19 Pandemic has defined more dependence upon the involvement of ICT in EFL Class. This study investigates the integration of ICT in English teaching practices among teachers in the EFL context in a new normal setting.  To achieve the aim of the study, a mixed-method approach has been applied.  Thirty- two EFL teachers of junior high school who joined as members of Musyarawah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP-English Teacher Regional Forum) in Bitung City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. They have been selected as the participants for their familiarity for teaching English using the technological tools and for their teaching experience. A quantitative inquiry is carried out by distributing a questionnaire of twenty-three items adapted from two questionnaires namely those of Mailizar &amp;amp; Fan, and Almalki. Due to the Pandemic, the questionnaires are distributed by utilizing Google form, and then, the responses are analyzed by using SPSS tool. The qualitative data are in the forms of interview as the verification to deepen the discussion of the quantitative results. The semi-structured interview is performed and the responses are analyzed in triangulation method. The study showed that teachers’ knowledge and perception toward the integration of ICT is high.  Further, this study found that despite acknowledging the importance of the enjoyment of integrating the ICT in the learning process, teachers identified the aspects of learners’ lack of technological literacy and infrastructure, and lack of motivation can be barriers for the success of the ICT integration. For such challenges, the study also revealed that teachers attempt to practice a sort of home visit and invitation learning and encouraging the making of soft skills for class activity management. These findings expectedly contribute to define the role of ICT in the current pandemic era.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/25533</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v15i22.25533</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/25533/10249</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Mister Gidion Maru, Chris Caesar Pikirang, Donal M Ratu</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="44956">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 22 (2021); pp. 44-67</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>— Teachers’ Perspective</text>
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                <text>ICT Integration</text>
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                <text>New normal era</text>
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                <text>The Integration of ICT in ELT Practices: The Study on Teachers’ Perspective in New Normal Era</text>
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                  <text>Centre for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi, India</text>
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                <text>Marwah, Naresh C.</text>
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                <text>Disasters and environmental degradation are generally considered parts of a non-traditional threat to National Security. India by virtue of its geo-climatic and socio-economic conditions is one of the five most affected countries in the world in terms of the number of deaths and due to various natural disasters that make it vulnerable. However, India has also transitioned to a position of being an important ‘provider of assistance in International disasters.' Since India has a progressive and forward-looking&amp;amp;nbsp;development agenda of inclusive growth, which is getting impacted by disasters, disaster risk reduction has emerged as a high priority focus area in India's national policy framework. In this perspective, the paper examines the ‘vulnerability' aspect of India in the larger context of disaster management in India's national security.</text>
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                <text>Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="145">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020  Center For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India</text>
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                <text>CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 115-136</text>
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                <text>2319-5177</text>
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                <text>Disaster Management</text>
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                <text>Disaster Management in the Context of India’s National Security: An Assessment</text>
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                <text>Marwan, Samiha Abdelrahman Mohammed</text>
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                <text>Shawish, Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Nagaty, Khaled</text>
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                <text>There are continuous threats to network technologies due to its rapidly-changing nature, which raises the demand for data-safe transmission. As a result, the need to come up with new techniques for securing data and accommodating the growing quantities of information is crucial. From nature to science, the idea that genes themselves are made of information stimulated the research in molecular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is capable of storing huge amounts of data, which leads to its promising effect in steganography. DNA steganography is the art of using DNA as an information carrier which achieves high data storage capacity as well as high security level. Currently, DNA steganography techniques utilize the properties of only one DNA strand, since the other strand is completely dependent on the first one. This paper presents a DNA-based steganography technique that hides data into both DNA strands with respect to the dependency between the two strands. In the proposed technique, a key of the same length of the reference DNA sequence is generated after using the second DNA strand. The sender sends both the encrypted DNA message and its reference DNA sequence together into a microdot. If the recipient receives this microdot uncontaminated, the sender can safely send the generated key afterwards. The proposed technique doubles the amount of data stored and guarantees a secure transmission process as well, for even if the attacker suspects the first-sent DNA sequence, they will never receive the key, and hence full data extraction is nearly impossible. The conducted experimental study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 11 No. 2 (2017); pp. 88-98</text>
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                <text>DNA Steganography</text>
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                <text>After the London bombings in July 2005, the concern of terrorism scholars and policy makers has turned to “home-grown” terrorism and potential for political violence from within the states. “Radicalization” became a new buzz word. This article follows a number of reviews of the literature on radicalization and offers another angle for looking at this research. First, it discusses the term “radicalization” and suggests the use of the following definition of radicalization as a process by which a person adopts belief systems which justify the use of violence to effect social change and comes to actively support as well as employ violent means for political purposes. Next, it proposes to see the theories of radicalization focusing on the individual and the two dimensions of his/her motivation: whether that motivation is internal or external and whether it is due to personal choice or either internal (due to some psychological traits) or external compulsion. Though not all theories fall neatly within these categories, they make it possible to make comparisons of contributions from a variety of different areas thus reflecting on the interdisciplinary nature of the study of terrorism in general and radicalization as a part of it.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 17 No. 1 (2015): Varieties of Contemporary Radical Politics; 9-26</text>
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                <text>Exploring the Theories of Radicalization</text>
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                <text>Malaysia is a culturally and ethnically diverse country in Southeast Asia. The aim of the work is to examine the causes and impact of the lack of cohesion and integrity in Malaysian society, as well as to check whether the local government counteracts divisions among the discussed nation. Basic information about Malaysia and an analysis of indicators relevant to the assessment of the social development of the country in question are also presented. The paper also describes selected socio-economic problems occurring in this country. Opportunities for economic and social development of Malaysia in the coming years were also presented. The text is mainly based on research: Budowa państwa w warunkach wieloetniczności. Przypadek Malezji [State Bilding in Multi-Ethnic Conditions. The Case of Malaysia] by Ewa Trojnar, Problem nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwo w wieloetnicznym społeczeństwie Malezji [The Problem of Income Inequality and Poverty in the Multi-Ethnic Society of Malaysia] by Paweł Glinik and Sexuality Education in Malaysia: Perceived Issues and Barriers by Professionals by Zahra Fazli Khalaf, Wah Yun Low, Effat Merghati-Khoei, Behzad Ghorbani. Conclusions were presented that Malaysia, due to its intensive economic evolution, is perceived as a strong ally in the international arena. It was also noted that the country in question could be a role model for partners and poor countries in this region of Asia. Unfortunately, differences in the legal situation of individual ethnic and racial groups, economic disproportion or lack of quality education (even sex education) lead to social stagnation. The solution may be the implementation of selected Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, which will consolidate the further development of Malaysia and improve the general well-being of citizens. Implementation of these measures may be the way for Malaysia to become a leader in Southeast Asia, but it requires many social changes that should be implemented as soon as possible.</text>
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                <text>Malezja to zróżnicowany kulturowo i etnicznie kraj w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie przyczyn oraz wpływu braku spójności i integralności społeczeństwa Malezji na możliwości rozwoju tego kraju, a także sprawdzenie, czy tamtejszy rząd stara się zapobiegać podziałom społecznym. Przedstawiono również podstawowe informacje dotyczące Malezji oraz dokonano analizy wskaźników istotnych w ocenie rozwoju społecznego tego kraju. Na tym tle zaprezentowano wybrane problemy społeczno-ekonomiczne oraz możliwości rozwoju gospodarczego i społecznego Malezji w najbliższych latach.
Artykuł opiera się głównie na następujących opracowaniach: Budowa państwa w warunkach wieloetniczności. Przypadek Malezji Ewy Trojnar, Problem nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwo w wieloetnicznym społeczeństwie Malezji Pawła Glinika oraz Sexuality Education in Malaysia: Perceived Issues and Barriers by Professionals, którego autorami są Zahra Fazli Khalaf, Wah Yun Low, Effat Merghati-Khoei, Behzad Ghorbani. Postawiono wnioski, iż Malezja ze względu na swój intensywny rozwój gospodarczy może być dla partnerów i biednych krajów tego regionu Azji wzorem do naśladowania. Niestety, różnice w sytuacji prawnej poszczególnych grup etnicznych i rasowych, dysproporcje ekonomiczne czy brak odpowiedniej jakości kształcenia (nawet edukacji seksualnej) prowadzą do stagnacji społecznej. Rozwiązaniem mogłoby być przyjęcie do realizacji wybranych Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju określonych przez Organizację Narodów Zjednoczonych, które ugruntowałyby dalszy rozwój Malezji oraz poprawiły dobrostan jej obywateli. Malezja ma szansę wejść na drogę do stania się liderem w regionie Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, ale wymaga to wielu zmian społecznych, które powinny zostać wprowadzone jak najszybciej.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): Essays on Society in South-Eastern Asia; 63-77</text>
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                <text>Between Multiculturalism and National Unity – Social Problems in Malaysia at the Turn of the 20th and 21st Centuries</text>
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                <text>Wielokulturowość a jedność narodowa – problemy społeczne w Malezji na przełomie XX i XXI wieku</text>
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                <text>This research seeks to assess the legal information needs of a variety of actors within Zambian civil society. We first determined the major ways in which civil society actors in Zambia, specifically civil society organisations, labour unions, and legal practitioners, access legal information. Secondly, we surveyed the limitations and barriers associated with these paths to accessing legal information. We found that the provision of openly accessible legal information relies on two factors: the ease of accessing legal information and the capacity of civil society to interpret and understand it. Major limitations to accessing and using publicly available legal information were found to be bureaucracy, financial costs, lack of legal knowledge, and the lack of computerisation and internet access. Major factors influencing the ability of civil society organizations to effectively use legal information were donor funding and capacity building services, as well as the use of paralegals.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)</text>
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                <text>Recent occasional attacks on Chinese entrepreneurs in Zambia, supposedly on grounds that they are expropriating socio-economic opportunities for Zambians, deserve a fresh interrogation of Zambia–China relations. Labourrelated tensions between Chinese employers and their Zambian employees have also ignited violence between the two parties. Opportunistic Zambian politicians have used these tensions to sponsor the narrative that China in general has malevolent designs over Zambia. Due to increasing external debt and general economic difficulties during the tenure of Zambia’s PatrioticFront (PF) government, from 2011 to 2021, desperate Zambians took their frustration out on the increasing numbers of Chinese entrepreneurs who are considered harbingers of Zambia’s external debt crisis and usurpers of Zambia’s sovereignty. Using constructivism as the theoretical framework, the research found that Zambia–China relations are no longer driven by ethical moorings that were typical of the colonial and Cold War eras. Secondly, that China’s identity in Zambia has assumed an ominous dimension with theincreasing number of Chinese migrants whose conduct is at variance with the image that the Chinese government strives to present. Third, that the ineffective governance of the PF leadership threatened to force the country to default on the debt it owes to China and this could have led to China limiting the room for manoeuvre on the part of the Zambian government, thereby justifying the arguments of those who opine that China aims to take over Africa even though ineffective African governments are culpable.</text>
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                <text>https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/IJCS/article/view/36505</text>
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                <text>Institute of China Studies, Universiti Malaya</text>
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                <text>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHINA STUDIES; International Journal of China Studies Vol.12 No.2 December 2021; 223-243</text>
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                <text>2180-3250</text>
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                <text>Friend or Would-be Coloniser? A Constructivist Appraisal of Zambia–China Relations in the Light of Anti-Chinese Sentiments in Zambia</text>
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                  <text>Lodz University Press        </text>
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e-ISSN: 2300-8695</text>
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                <text>Matera, Paulina</text>
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                <text>The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was negotiated with participation of the U.S. representatives from 2008. It was discussed not only in terms of the economic consequences of it. The proponents of signing TPP claimed that it would strengthen the alliances in Asia-Pacific region, curtail the Chinese influences and let the U.S. establish the global trade rules for the future. The debate on this issue took place in the Congress, also the front runners of the presidential elections of 2016 expressed their standpoints. The attitude of public opinion will be also presented as well as the position of Donald Trump which resulted in the withdrawal of the United States from the agreement once he became the President of the U.S.</text>
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                <text>https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/international/article/view/4036</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2018): U.S.-China Relations Towards Bipolarity?; 85-102</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 22 Nr 1 (2018): International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 85-102</text>
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                <text>China as the Strategic Competitor in the Debate on TPP in the United States</text>
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                <text>Mathew, Babu</text>
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                <text>The Industrial Relations law in any country are the result of the constant interaction and interrelationship among labour, capital, the state and the economy. This paper is an attempt to trace the evolution of the same in India. The author charts the course of the Industrial Disputes Act in a three-stage periodisation: the Colonial Phase, the Post-Colonial Phase, and the Post-Liberalisation Phase. In the Colonial Phase, the Indian labour policy was dictated by the interest of the Colonial Capital. Even though the policy has evolved over the years, in the Post-Liberalisation Phase, it continues to be dictated, more than ever, by the foreign interest, perhaps through different dynamics, more subtle and forceful.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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