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                <text>Singh, M. P.</text>
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                <text>Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2000); 245-292</text>
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                <text>2169-3226</text>
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                <text>Securing the Independence of the Judiciary--The Indian Experience</text>
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                  <text>Institute of International Relations Prague, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic</text>
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                <text>The article examines the processes of memory securitization in the RussianFederation and Latvia during the coronavirus crisis. The key factor thatallowed the authors to make such a statement about the problem was thetemporary coincidence of the pandemic with the 75th anniversary of thefinal defeat of Nazi Germany and the so-called Victory Day. As a theoreticalbasis for the study, we use the constructivist understanding of security inorder to study, with specific examples, how the threat in the form of apandemic became a frame for securitization of memory. The authorsidentify the peculiarities of the articulating of security problems by politicalelites in two states with different memory regimes framed by the pandemicas an external factor.</text>
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                <text>Institute of International Relations Prague</text>
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                <text>https://cjir.iir.cz/index.php/cjir/article/view/74/58</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 55 No. 4 (2020); 94-116</text>
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                <text>Securitization</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>Securitization of Memory in the Pandemic Period:  The Case of Russia and Latvia</text>
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                <text>Anawar, Syarulnaziah</text>
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                <text>The telecommunication industry is the leading industry in big data trends as this industry has the most capable infrastructure for big data. However, the adoption of big data in telecommunication services also raises important security and privacy challenges due to the high volume, velocity, and variety of big data characteristics. To address the issue, this study shed light on the security and privacy challenges of big data adoption in the telecommunication industry. This study focuses on investigating the security and privacy challenges for data users in telecommunication services from the lens of the TOE framework and examines the mitigation strategies to address the privacy and security challenges. This study is conducted using qualitative methodology. From the perspectives of data users (telecommunication providers), it could be concluded that data management, data privacy, data compliance, and regulatory orchestration challenges are the most pressing concerns in big data adoption. This study offers contributions in presenting a thematic classification of security and privacy challenges and their mitigation strategies for big data adoption in the telecommunication industry. The thematic classification highlights potential gaps for future research in the big data security domain. This study is significant in that it provides empirical evidence for the perspectives of telecommunication data users in addressing privacy and security issues that are related to big data adoption.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/32093</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 SYARULNAZIAH ANAWAR, NUR FADZILAH  OTHMAN, SITI RAHAYU SELAMAT, ZAKIAH AYOP, NORHARYATI  HARUM</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 19 (2022); pp. 81-97</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>big data</text>
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                <text>Security and Privacy Challenges of Big Data Adoption: A Qualitative Study in Telecommunication Industry</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23353">
                <text>Giannakas, Filippos</text>
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                <text>Kambourakis, Georgios</text>
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                <text>Papasalouros, Andreas</text>
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                <text>Gritzalis, Stefanos</text>
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                <text>Nowadays, due to widespread participation of elementary school children in cyberspace activities, basic cybersecurity education and awareness is deemed necessary. Within this context, knowledge acquisition in this timely and important field has greater chances to be more fruitful when the learner is properly motivated. Also, it is anticipated to be more joyful when knowledge is acquired in the form of a digital game-based activity. The paper at hand discusses the development of a novel mobile app called CyberAware, destined to cybersecurity education and awareness. At present, the game is designed for K-6 children in order to support either or both formal or informal learning. Additionally, due to its mobile characteristics, the game can be experienced as an outdoor or classroom activity. Finally, opposite to similar studies found in the literature so far, our attention is not solely drawn to game’s technological aspects but equally to the educational factor. This is achieved through the consideration and use of the ARCS motivational model already from the game’s design phase.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/5473</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v10i2.5473</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Filippos Giannakas, Georgios Kambourakis, Andreas Papasalouros, Stefanos Gritzalis</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 10 No. 2 (2016); pp. 41-48</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Security Education and Awareness for K-6 Going Mobile</text>
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                <text> Identifying trusted nodes for safe communication is a key challenge in mobile ad-hoc networks. Node compromises a service and leads to uncertainty in node behaviour. Computing the node trust and node management will enhance the security aspect in MANETs. This paper proposes a security improvisation based on a Node Trust Prediction Approach (NTPA).  NTPA aims to prevent the interference of an  anomalous node in a MANET. There by  improving the security and data delivery output. The NTPA calculates the node trust prediction by evaluating the four most frequent actions that are performed by a node in the communication process. Node authorization is a key aspect in the evaluation of an ad hoc network’s security. In the proposed method, we monitor the valid and Invalid Authorization of a node. Data delivery reliability is measured with Success of Packet delivery and Loss or Drop of packets. In this paper, NTPA is compared with SAR(Security-Aware Routing) and AODV (Adhoc on-Demand Distance Vector), to evaluate the efficiency in an adhoc networks. The empirical results shows that there is an increase of 25% packet delivery and  a 40% reduction in  routing overhead. � </text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 L Raghavendar Raju</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 09 (2019); pp. 40-51</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Trust Computation</text>
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                <text>Security Improvisation through Node Trust Prediction Approach in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks</text>
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                <text>Although, there are several literatures pertaining to the security issues in the use of mobile apps, these literatures do not sufficiently address issues about the security challenges in the use of mobile educational app. Hence, this work attempts to review the available literatures with the aim of capturing the security issues in the use of mobile educational apps. To achieve the stated research goal, the study applied systematic literature review methodology. Sixty four (64) papers in the area of security issues in the use of mobile educational apps were downloaded. Out of these papers, twenty one (21) most relevant studies were selected for review in order to extract the appropriate information needed for the analysis. The results from the review reveals the scarcity of appropriate literatures on security issues in the use of mobile educational apps and that these issues are a thing of concern, and needed to be looked into in this ever growing world of technologies. However, most of the studies, taken single handedly reviewed lack of comprehensive framework to demonstrate the security challenges in the use of mobile educational apps. Thus, the results from this paper provide additional knowledge to the users of mobile apps as a whole; students in their usage of mobile educational apps and the research community on the current security challenges in the use of mobile educational apps.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40824">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Emmanuel O.C. Mkpojiogu, Azham Hussain, Monday Onah Agbudu</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 06 (2021); pp. 124-137</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Mobile apps</text>
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                <text>Security Issues in the Use of Mobile Educational Apps: A Review</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22698">
                <text>Shonola, Shaibu Adekunle</text>
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                <text>Joy, Mike S</text>
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                <text>Innovation in learning technologies and services is driven by demands from Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in order to meet their students’ needs and make knowledge delivery easier. The technology could play a pivotal role in extending the possibilities for teaching, learning, and research in educational institutions. M-learning emerged from this innovation as a result of an unprecedented explosion in the number of mobile devices due to availability and affordability of mobile phones, smartphones and tablets among students. Competition in the mobile device industry is also encouraging developers to be innovative, constantly striving to introduce new features. Consequently, newer sources of risks are being introduced in the mobile computing paradigm at manufacturing level. Similarly, many m-learning promoters and developers focus on developing and delivering learning content and infrastructure for m-learning system without adequate consideration for security of stakeholders’ data, whereas the use of these mobile technologies for learning poses a serious threat to confidentiality, integrity and privacy of those involved in teaching and learning, yet traditional security threats are also evolving. Against this backdrop, the stakeholders in education sector (i.e. education providers, educators, m-learning promoters and developers) should begin to consider the security implications of these devices in modern teaching and learning environments. The purpose of this paper is to identify the m-learning security issues that stakeholders may face, how they are being affected by the security threats,  who among is stakeholders are affected or most affected by security issues in m-learning using three Nigeria universities as case studies and what are the responsibilities of the stakeholders in ensuring risk free m-learning.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Shaibu Adekunle Shonola, Mike S Joy</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 9 No. 3 (2015); pp. 64-70</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Security of m-learning system: A collective responsibility</text>
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                <text>Abdulsattar Jaber , Tanya</text>
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                <text>An interesting paradigm is a metaverse which represents the next generation of using the internet to improve human lives and provide a new way to communicate by building a system that let the user represented by their avatar to work, socialize and play virtually by integrating multiple technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence as well as virtual and augmented reality. However, this may preserve many problems related to the security and privacy of the system user starting from data breaches to identity theft, in this paper an overview of the metaverse world and the architecture that connects the virtual to the real world and discuss the main security and privacy risks within the Metaverse world</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 Haider Th.Salim Alrikabi; Tanya  Abdulsattar Jaber</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 13 (2022); pp. 4-14</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Security Risks of the Metaverse World</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 5 No. 2 (1995); 303-352</text>
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                  <text>International Studies - Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal       </text>
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                <text>As an object of Western public and media interest, Laos still appears to be an overlooked and unnoticed country. In a sense, it remains in the shadow of its larger neighbours Vietnam and Thailand, who capture the world’s attention in the context of the Indochina region, and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic itself remains rather on the sidelines of world politics. This state of affairs also relates to Western observers’ recognition of the social problems facing the country.
I focus this article on providing an insight into the specific characteristics of Laos and defining the social problems the country has had to face over the past three decades. It answers questions about the characteristics of Laos, how it fares in the HDI ranking and what social challenges it faces. The thesis put forward by the authors is that the LRLD, as a moderately developed and ethnically diverse country, is confronted with the resulting social problems.
The authors used the monographic method to conduct their research, which they based on an analysis of collected scientific publications, statistical data and internet sources. The research succeeded in confirming the hypothesis. The social problems plaguing the Lao People’s Democratic Republic have their origins primarily in the poor material situation of the majority of the population, the lack of infrastructure and the ethnic diversity that the authorities in Vientiane are unable to cope with. However, looking at the general trend of development in Laos, the scale and incidence of the issues described in the paper should gradually decrease.</text>
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                <text>Laos wydaje się być nadal państwem pomijanym i niezauważanym przez zachodnie media i opinię publiczną. Pozostaje w cieniu swoich większych sąsiadów, Wietnamu i Tajlandii, które są wpływowymi państwami ASEAN, podczas gdy Laotańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna znalazła się na uboczu regionalnej i światowej polityki. Taki stan rzeczy odnosi się również do rozpoznania przez zachodnich obserwatorów problemów społecznych, z którymi boryka się to państwo.
Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na przybliżeniu specyfiki i zdefiniowaniu problemów społecznych, z którymi Laos mierzył się w ostatnich trzech dekadach. Przedstawiona została charakterystyka Laosu, z uwzględnieniem analizy rankingu HDI, by na tym tle odpowiedzieć na pytania dotyczące wyzwań społecznych stojących przed LRLD. Autorzy artykułu wskazują, że problemy te wynikają z faktu, iż jest to kraj średnio rozwinięty i zróżnicowany etnicznie.
Do przeprowadzenia badań posłużyła metoda monograficzna, oparta na analizie zgromadzonych publikacji naukowych, danych statystycznych oraz źródeł internetowych. W wyniku badań udało się potwierdzić następującą hipotezę: nękające Laotańską Republikę Ludowo-Demokratyczną problemy o charakterze społecznym mają swoje źródło przede wszystkim w złej sytuacji materialnej większości obywateli, braku infrastruktury oraz zróżnicowaniu etnicznym społeczeństwa. Z powyższymi problemami rząd w Wientian wyraźnie sobie nie radzi. Patrząc jednak na ogólną tendencję rozwojową Laosu, skala opisanych w pracy problemów powinna się sukcesywnie zmniejszać.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): Essays on Society in South-Eastern Asia; 79-95</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Tom 28 Nr 2 (2021): Szkice o społeczeństwie w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej; 79-95</text>
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                <text>Selected Social Issues of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic</text>
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