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                <text>In the 34-day Israel-Hezbollah War of 2006, Israel's Army, one of the most technologically advanced militaries of the world, was pitted against the fundamentalist Shia Muslim organization Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah, a non-state armed group, was armed with high-tech weaponry and other disruptive technologies, such as Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs), anti-tank missiles, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are traditionally used by the regular forces of a country. Hezbollah forces shot down Israeli helicopters, severely damaged a patrol boat with a cruise missile, and destroyed a large number of armored tanks by firing guided missiles from hidden bunkers. The group's guerrillas stood their ground with their hi-tech weaponry and guerrilla tactics. They operated in a decentralised manner at the tactical levels, from both their urban and mountain bases, and shocked the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) with their conventional-cum-unconventional forms of warfare. Israel accepted that it committed a mistake in not adequately preparing for a ‘hybrid' conflict with Hezbollah.2 US Army Chief General George W. Casey said that a new type of war that would become increasingly common in the future would be “a hybrid of irregular warfare and conventional warfare.”</text>
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                <text>It is extremely difficult to crystal-gaze and predict the future with certainty. In hindsight, one can say that the rapid changes in the geo-political, economic, social, cultural and technological domains have had a profound impact on the emerging geo-strategic environment. With a plethora of disruptive technologies, the unknown effects of emerging technologies, asymmetric threats, and the revolution in autonomous systems and communications, the global environment has been in a state of continuous change and flux. Resultantly, the envisaged threats and challenges to national security, both traditional and non-traditional, have also undergone significant change. The complexities of which need to be analysed in order to formulate the future course of action. Factors such as external security threats, religious and ethnic extremism, population growth and unemployment, societal tensions, severe competition for natural resources, climate change, and environmental degradation are likely to ensure that armed conflicts will persist, perhaps with greater intensity. To say so, in a large number of cases, trans-national neighbouring forces and non-state actors have been indulging in abetting insurgencies, terrorism, violence, and organised crime, thus, perpetuating instability and conflicts.</text>
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                <text>On its foundation in 1949, securing its strategic periphery and annexation of Tibet and Xinjiang was one of the primary goals of thePeople’s Republic of China (PRC). With the multiple aims of achieving economic, strategic, and political dominance, China has furtherenhanced its connectivity with Asia, Africa, and Eurasia by its Belt and Road initiative (BRI). Considering the rapidly changing geopolitics and economic challenges, the Chinese, as part of their long-term designs, have whipped up ‘nationalism’ by multiple means. The military interventions, assertiveness, and expansionism have been based on a design to serve its national interests—especially the economic, political, and strategic ones. The boundary dispute between India and China continues to remain unresolved, due to certain designs of the PRC. It is important to analyse the strategic significance of Eastern Ladakh, especially when additional security personnel has been inducted into the Gilgit Baltistan region by China as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).Despite the border management mechanisms and confidence-building measures (CBMs) in place and the periodic engagements at different levels, the PLA surprised the Indians by contacting and/or transgressing across the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on a wide front in Eastern Ladakh in May 2020. Thus, China’s designs call for India to improve its preparedness, and review its policy, pursue its goals and maintain peace and stability in the region.</text>
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                <text>CLAWS Journal; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021): Summer 2021; 1-29</text>
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                <text>2319-5177</text>
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                <text>Mohd, Norhazren Izatie</text>
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                <text>Ali, Kherun Nita</text>
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                <text>Ahmad Fauzi, Ahmad Faiz Azizi</text>
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                <text>Ebrahimi, Shirin Shafiei</text>
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                <text>In recent years gaming products have increasingly been used to enhance learning and training development in the academic and commercial sectors.  Gaming is an approach that applies technology to provide an almost real experience with interactive field training.  It is an approach that supports the theory of learning by doing with a real case scenario.  The purpose of this paper is to determine serious game attributes to support effective training using serious game approach.  Through systematic literature review on eleven selected articles, nineteen game attributes were identified.  Hence, based on the definition and description from the articles, text analyses were conducted to determine categories of attributes based on educational theories' perspectives.  This study adopted the deductive content analysis approach which 14 relevant research articles between 1994 and 2016 were identified from the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases.  It appears that serious game attributes according to the educational perspectives are being practised using various ideas, terms and concepts. �  Hence, the findings can be justified that serious game attributes are important to enhance the effectiveness of training modules.  All these attributes will become part of the serious game framework for hazard identification training modules.  The target is to deliver effective and active training module to construction-related workers.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9647</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28429">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Kherun Nita Ali, Ahmad Faiz Azizi Ahmad Fauzi, Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 12 No. 7 (2018); pp. 60-69</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28431">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Game Attributes</text>
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                <text>Serious Game</text>
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                <text>Serious Game Attributes for the Construction of a Hazard Identification Framework</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30227">
                <text>Mohd, Norhazren Izatie</text>
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                <text>Ebrahimi, Shirin Shafiei</text>
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                <text>Current serious game framework still lacks in fulfilling the user's requirements.  This is due to the framework elements which only focus on the process of delivery.  Hence, this study was carried out to determine user’s ability in self-directed learning and their styles in making a decision.  This study forms part of a larger research on a framework for serious game frameworks for hazard identification training modules.  A set of questionnaire consisting of three sections which are demographic, decision-making styles and levels of self-directed learning was designed.  In decision-making styles, 49 items are measured representing eight styles in decision making such as vigilant, dependent, avoidant, anxious, confident, spontaneous, brooding and intuitive.  Meanwhile, a self-rating scale consisting of 50 items was used to measure the level of self-directed learning such as awareness, learning strategies, learning activities, evaluation and interpersonal skills.  Data was collected from 319 construction-related workers and analysed using mean comparison and ANOVA.  Findings confirmed that their style of decision-making is inclined to ‘vigilant’ and ‘brooding’ types.  The results revealed two levels of self-directed learning, namely, the moderate level for supervisor and high level for general workers, skilled workers, consultants, management teams and safety trainees.  This level of self-directed learning is influenced by their level of education and working experiences.  The findings also highlight that decision-making style has a moderate relationship with the level of self-directed learning among construction-related workers.  The study contributes to the understanding of the construction workers' needs in enhancing their skills in becoming independent and lifelong learners</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/10749/5775</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Kherun Nita Ali, Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi, Ahmad Faiz Azizi Ahmad Fauzi</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 07 (2019); pp. 44-53</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Decision-making style</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 20 (2020); pp. 135-152</text>
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                <text>Manual time and attendance systems are still being practiced within a considerable number of universities, colleges, government departments and companies. This traditional system requires the user to fill in their timesheets or sign on the attendance sheet manually. The practice inefficient and ineffective for university’s student attendance recording due to,  i) lecturer may lose the attendance sheet, ii) student may sign for their friends, iii) student may forget to sign on the attendance sheet, and iv) challenging to monitor attendance rate and analysis. Thus, there is a necessity to change these traditional attendance recording methods to a more efficient one. The attendance rate is significant because students are more likely to succeed in academics when they attend classes consistently. As such, a mobile app, namely Smart-Hadir, is designed to overcome problems as mentioned above. Smart-Hadir is a smartphone application developed by UMS aimed to record student attendance digitally during a class session. The technology used is slightly different from the existing applications, where Smart-Hadir is not using RFID technology but rather covers NFC, QR code, and beacon technologies. Attendance could be taken either using NFC or QR code displayed on the wall using a projector or scan the available beacon. Lecturers can create class session using the Smart-Hadir anywhere and anytime. Students are then required to take their attendance either scan the QR code, search the beacon, or swiped their student card on the lecturer’s phone. The students’ attendance will be immediately captured and saved into the database. Lecturers will be able to view the statistic report, identify and e-mail absentees, as well as monitor students’ attendance behaviour. A statistical report can be generated. It shows the percentages of students’ attendance rate, absent rate, and status. The Smart-Hadir is advantageous as it can be used to capture meeting or event attendance record as well.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 14 (2021); pp. 4-16</text>
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                <text>The purpose of the paper is to identify the links and connections among main themes of the search i.e., Mobile Technologies, Service Quality and Healthcare. It also aims at identifying the valuable contributions from authors, journals, countries, and institutions in the searched area. Data has been extracted from Scopus database and it covers the timeline from 2005 to 2021. The final documents (n=245) have been analysed through VOSviewer software and MS Excel. Results show that Guo, X., International Journal of Medical Informatics, Harbin Institute of Technology, China and United States are top performing author, journal, institution and countries respectively. According to the results for collaborations and associations, Bhuiya A., United States and Mobile Healthcare are the most prominent author, country and keyword with highest score of total link strength (TLS). Findings suggested important and valuable avenues for future research directions in terms of underperforming countries, under-utilized subject areas and under-explored themes (keywords). This study, to best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind in mapping the literature of combined themes (Mobile Technologies, Service Quality and Healthcare).</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 16 No. 13 (2022); pp. 140-159</text>
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                <text>Combining Mobile Technologies, Healthcare &amp; Service Quality. A Bibliometric Analysis</text>
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