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                <text>There has been much rigorous questioning about the idea and practice of colonialism in current reflections on colonialism and post/coloniality. Except for some serious intellectual examination over the inter-relations between gender and colonisation in Spivak‟s work on subalternity and gender, not much has been articulated about imperial desire and colonial sexualities. Moreover, there has been no signifying exploration of the distinction between imperialism and colonialism particularly as the difference is situated in desire. This paper attempts to locate the difference between imperial and colonial as they overlap in imperial desire. I also wish to expose its continuity in contemporary representations of colony, particularly in film and conclude by making comments on pedagogic practices in the current English studies classroom. In so doing, I intend to situate the politics, both cultural and sexual, within the current representational politics of post/coloniality.  </text>
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                <text>Imperial Desire and its Implications for Contemporary Representation of Colony</text>
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                <text>This analysis of the contemporary "Indian" context is occasioned by the visible rise of new forms of cultural chauvinism concerning women's lives and their bodies; as also a proliferation of different modes of commodification of women's bodies in global culture. Despite the insertion of modernity during colonialism, with its enlightenment ethic of rationality and individuality, postcolonial "India" under globalizing capital only redeploys a rarefied pre-modernily. I argue that the sudden interest in the dominant media to re-deploy the woman's body as sexual self-representation submerges an insidious commodity-fetishism, predicated on consumerist masculinities. Indeed the figure of the women in this era of globalization and nationalist democracy, I argue, continues to collapse into the continuum between masculinist control and the male gaze. Liberal global culture today revisits traditional patriarchy largely to revise its forms than to dislodge its content. It is this contradictory process of contemporary culture, that of masculinist and male pleasure on the one hand and the discourse of self-assertion and emancipation on the other that I wish to track and delineate in this analysis. I also wish at the end to comment on sexual economy, gendered subalternity, masculinities and the cultural in order to expose its many serious cultural and political fault-lines.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2007): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 8 - 21</text>
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                <text>"The Lie of the Land: Notes on Gender, Globalisim and the Nation-State "</text>
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                <text>Rassendren, Etienne</text>
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                <text>There has been over some time now the de-disciplining of formerly traditional fields such as the Social Sciences, the Humanities and Languages, which in many significant ways have altered the categories of contemporary thought radically. This is perceived as advancement in critical thinking, but the all too facile and felicitous deployment of such ideas discredits intellectual rigor as it leaves unmarked the limits of such empowering border-crossings. While we need not mourn category-failure, we have to resist easy re-namings of certain fields such as Feminisms and Gender Studies. Yet it may also be equally simplistic not to redefine and extend the current dimensions of such knowledges to include both the re-theorizing of such fields, given the changing nature of thinking and practice in the contemporary context. Hence it is relevant to ask: Should we frame gender questions differently? But it is equally important to resist the debunking of questions of gender in favor of ambiguating even the salutary contributions of feminism and gender studies. It is precisely this contradiction, one that seeks disruption for its own sake, that I wish to investigate and respond to. True, there will be more questions than answers in this respect but it is precisely those I wish to raise in the current article.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2011): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1 - 11</text>
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                <text>"  Should We Frame Gender Questions Differently?  "</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8703">
                <text>Rassendren, Etienne</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8704">
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                <text>This article intends to investigate the conjuncture between the birth of an alphabet, the notion of space, the migration of people, the function of belief and religion and the formation of identities. It employs Ulfilas‘ biblical translation and his missioning attitude to comment on the project of Gothic conversion to Christianity and its attendant controversies, particularly that of Arianism. The article explores how spaces become cultural geographies and imbue geo-histories, specifically in the moment of Biblical translations and the travel of people. It also argues that language and spaces cannot escape the cultural-politics of nationality. At the end, it concludes by commenting of the contemporary relevance of the conjuncture above-mentioned.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1999</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/1999/1653</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8712">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8713">
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              <elementText elementTextId="8714">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2018): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 15-35</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8715">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8716">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>Arianism</text>
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                <text>Spatiality</text>
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                <text>Gothic</text>
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                <text>‘Little Wolf’ and the Alphabet: Nationality and its Spaces</text>
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                <text>Suphachaimongkol, Chitralada</text>
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                <text>Ratanatamskul, Chavalit</text>
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                <text>Silapacharanan, Siriwan</text>
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                <text>Utiswannakul, Patcha</text>
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                <text>Creative tourism has received increasing attention. At present, the concept of creative tourism is still in development stage since there are few or no indicators for assessing the potential of creative tourism to area-based sustainable goals. This document aims to introduce the process of mobile application for sustainable creative tourism (SCT) model development using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach. The study was divided into 4 phases. The first phase involved establishing elements, indicators and criteria drawn from some previous studies and the opinions of experts’ judgement in this study. Secondly, indicators and criteria were selected by using Delphi technique. Thirdly, the indicators and criterias were confirmed by utilizing CFA, Finally, the prototype of SCT mobile application assessment tool is proposed for SCT in this study, based on CFA. Tools for the study included: 1) structured questionnaire from reviews of literature for interviewing the expert, 2) questionnaire for Delphi techniques among the experts for collecting an opinion about the selection of the indicators, and 3) a questionnaire to assess the possibility of data collection concerning the components and indicators of SCT. 300 samples from creative tourism enterprises from all around Thailand were collected and 253 were responded. Data analysis was conducted by using descriptive statistics and CFA. The study found that SCT model consists of 8 components and 36 indicators. The finding from our research shows that it is eligible to establish the novel SCT assessment indicators. The result of SCT application model is appropriate to develop mobile application for SCT assessment tool. </text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/10500</text>
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                <text>10.3991/ijim.v13i06.10500</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/10500/5731</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29526">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Chitralada Suphachaimongkol, Chavalit Ratanatamskul, Siriwan Silapacharanan, Patcha Utiswannakul</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 06 (2019); pp. 27-40</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Confirmatory factor analysis</text>
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                <text>Indicators</text>
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                <text>Mai 2004 – ein glückliches Datum für die Polen. Republik Polen wurde Mitglied der EU! Die Österreicher freuten sich nicht so sehr über die Aufnahme von zehn Ländern aus Mittel- und Osteuropa in die EU-Strukturen. Vor der Erweiterung der Union schlugen die Österreicher vor, für die Staatsbürger der neuen EU-Mitgliedsländer, die eine Arbeit auf dem Gebiet der EU aufnehmen wollten, eine siebenjährige Karenzzeit und eine Schutzfrist für vier Branchen festzusetzen. Die Mitglieder der österreichischen Regierung und der Kommissar Franz Fischler spornten österreichische Unternehmer zur Ostexpansion an. 67% der österreichischen Kleinunternehmer waren jedoch der Meinung, dass die EU-Erweiterung ihrem Lande keinen Nutzen bringe. Man übte Druck auf die Regierung aus, damit sie den eigenen Arbeitsmarkt, die Landwirtschaft und die Grenzregionen schützt. Die Österreicher schlugen vor (was andere EU-Nettozahler unterstützten), die EU-Ausgaben auf dem Niveau von 1% des Bruttonationaleinkommens zu beschränken. Sie haben jedoch die Tatsache vergessen, dass die Kürzungen auch ihre eigenen Bürger treffen werden.</text>
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                <text>May 1, 2004 is a joyful day for the Polish society. Poland became a member of the European-Union! The Austrians did not enjoy the admission of the 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe to the EU. At that time only 38% of Austrians were satisfied with EU membership. Before the enlargement of the Union Austria suggested a seven-year grace period for citizens from new member states who wish to work in the area of the EU and the protection period for the four main industries. Members of the Austrian Government and the Commissioner, Franz Fischler expresses a hope that Austrian entrepreneurs would expand to the east. Sixty seven percent of entrepreneurs of small Austrian companies felt, however, that EU enlargement will not bring the country any benefits. They pressured the government to protect its own labor market, agriculture and border regions.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 18 No. 1 (2016): Österreich in der gegenwärtigen polnischen Forschung; 71-84</text>
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                <text>Spirituality has gained the interest of all generations in the past few years. The concept of spirituality is very old but its popularity in the last few decades is worth noticing. Today spirituality is making inroads in different sectors like health sector, education, working culture etc. Social media on the other hand is a relatively new phenomenon which has changed the world forever. The impact and reach of social media is the maximum among all media tools. With the increased use of smart phone and other interactive technologies social media usage has grown with huge leaps and bounds.  The paper tries to find a link to connect the old with new in search of a principled life as advocated by spirituality. The paper explores the journey of Spirituality and its usefulness in current context. The paper then traces the rise and impact of social media. The paper concludes by proposing a conceptual model that depicts use of social media to educate about spirituality. The integrative approach identifies the positive aspects of social media to reach out to people.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Sonica Rautela</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 09 (2019); pp. 81-98</text>
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