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                <text>Woźniak, Michał</text>
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                <text>War in Ukraine and the Russian annexation of Crimea are the events that changed the US policy towards Russia. The events in Ukraine forced the United States to take a closer look at Eastern and Central Europe. The United States’ policy during the Ukrainian crisis has been limited to sanctions and strong statements so far because in Ukraine there is an asymmetry of interests. Ukraine is much more important to Russia than to the United States. The United States may be willing to support the democratic and western aspiration of Ukrainians but will not risk a major conflict with Russia over it. However the crisis in Ukraine is not only about Ukraine or Russia. It is also about US credibility around the world. Both friends and foes are watching closely the American reaction to the situation. That is why the United States has increased its military presence in those NATO countries that share borders with Russia.</text>
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                <text>International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): Ukrainian Crisis (2014–2016); 87-102</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 27 No. 2 (2017); 147-190</text>
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                <text>The Unfair Operation Principle and the Exclusionary Rule: On the
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                <text>As recently as one year ago, the European Union was seemingly on a direct path toward its avowed goal of "ever closer union." In numerous publications, EU authorities asserted that they had the confidence of European peoples desirous only of further integration. In the wake of the failed referenda for a European Constitution, however, enthusiasts of European Union can no longer be certain that their enterprise will succeed. The European Union, once strong and united, seems now an entity teetering on the edge of collapse. The reasons for such a dramatic shift are, of course, wide-ranging. Yet I would suggest that a great part of the general European disillusionment with European Union has come about as a result of the actions of the Europeanists themselves. Over the last decades, European officials have exhibited a frightfully high incidence of revisionism in their literature. This practice, I argue, has caused many Europeans to question the integrity of the project of European Union. For my presentation, I intend to undertake a close study of a selection of documents published by the European Communities. In this endeavour, I will compare and contrast the messages imparted in different editions of these works and consider the semiotic significance of the textual and non-textual language appearing therein. In this manner, I hope to achieve two aims. First, I mean to add a corrective element to a literature that, guided by a teleological interpretation of integration, endows integration with”logic" to be found only in hindsight. Second, I intend to examine the many meanings that the EU has had over its history and assess how closely policy has adhered to the ideological goals of prominent Europeanists. In sum, I hope to shed light on the fundamental disconnect between advocates of Europe and the "man on the street" and help establish a dialogue which may contribute to resolving the current impasse within the European Union.
Full text available: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i4.178</text>
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                <text>The Union of Laughter and Forgetting? The European Union and the Construction of its own History</text>
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                <text>Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 9 No. 1 (1998); 1-46</text>
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                <text>2169-3226</text>
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                  <text>National University of Ireland, Maynooth</text>
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                <text>The Leuna chemical plant in Eastern Germany was initially developed during the First World War to produce artificial nitrogen for use in explosives. The world’s first production of synthetic fuel from brown coal commenced at Leuna in 1927. From 1933 the Nazi government began to prepare for war and heavily expanded the Leuna complex to ensure that Germany had sufficient resources of fuel, nitrogen and rubber to support short campaigns. The synthetic fuel production technology developed in Leuna was also transferred to thirteen other sites in Greater Germany.
&amp;nbsp;
Commencing on 12 May 1944 the USAAF, and later the RAF, undertook a sustained bombing campaign against Leuna and the other synthetic fuel plants. However, due to the critical importance of Leuna to the war effort, the German state devoted significant resources to the defence of the plant, and to its repair and the maintenance of production. The USAAF and RAF attacked Leuna on 21 subsequent occasions until production finally ceased in March 1945. This sustained bombing ultimately overcame the Leuna workforce’s ability to repair the utilities but did not seriously damage the core production equipment. This paper uses German, American and British archival sources to explore in detail the nature and impact of the air campaign against Leuna and to examine and explain the ways in which the Germans sought, with some success, to keep the plant operational. In addressing the bombing campaign from an alternative perspective, primarily from the ground looking up, the paper offers new insight into a topic most commonly viewed from the perspective of the Allied forces.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.maynoothuniversity.ie/ojs/index.php/jmhds/article/view/83</text>
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                <text>10.33232/JMHDS.4.1.83</text>
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                <text>Maynooth Academic Publishing</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2023 Journal Of Military History and Defence Studies</text>
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                <text>Journal Of Military History and Defence Studies; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Military History and Defence Studies; 115-160</text>
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                <text>2712-0171</text>
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                <text>Strategic Bombing</text>
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                <text>Synthetic fuel</text>
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                <text>Leuna</text>
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                <text>World War Two</text>
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                <text>Strategic Bombing Survey</text>
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                <text>The United States Army Air Force Bombing Campaign Against the Leuna Synthetic Fuel Plant in 1944-45 and the German Response.</text>
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                  <text>Journal of Military and Strategic Studies</text>
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                  <text>Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Canada</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74693">
                <text>Ferris, John</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74694">
                <text>2009-10-19</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>https://jmss.org/article/view/57819</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74697">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74698">
                <text>Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies</text>
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                <text>https://jmss.org/article/view/57819/43493</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74700">
                <text>Journal of Military and Strategic Studies; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2003): Spring 2003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74701">
                <text>1488-559X</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74702">
                <text>The US and Us</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74638">
                <text>Keeley, James</text>
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                <text>Ferris, John</text>
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                <text>2009-10-13</text>
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                <text>https://jmss.org/article/view/57752</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Journal of Military and Strategic Studies; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2005): Fall 2005</text>
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                <text>1488-559X</text>
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                <text>The US, UN and US</text>
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                <text>Derisma, Derisma</text>
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                <text>Computer programming subject is the most-feared subject by students because it is hard to learn. At present, various learning media for programming are available, therefore, the learning process which was often considered as boring and hard to learn becomes interesting and easy to do. One of those media is through internet. This condition is parallel with various number of learning-based online sites that currently grow, including CodeSaya; one of the learning websites for computer programming languages. Usability is an important aspect to be noticed for the users to feel facilitated in using it, acquiring the required knowledge, and be interested to always rely on the site within the learning process. By collecting the user perception about user interfaces, questionnaire might help identifying the weakness in website usability to perform improvements. This research was done to analyze the success of online learning site, whether it meets the usability criteria by implementing System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire as the research instrument. SUS is an effective and reliable instrument to measure the usability of various products and services. The research questionnaire consisted of 10 questions which disseminated toward 162 respondents divided into two groups, namely familiar users that amounted to 81 respondents and unfamiliar users that amounted to 81 respondents as well. The usability of CodeSaya site acquired 72.1 of score for familiar users and 70 of score for unfamiliar users. The score acquired from the rating given by familiar respondents only a bit higher compared to the unfamiliar respondents. The rating in alphabet resulted in B or Good. It can be concluded that this computer programming learning site has met the usability criteria, therefore, it can be implemented as a learning medium that is feasible to be used by the users.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 14 No. 09 (2020); pp. 182-195</text>
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                <text>System Usability Scale (SUS)</text>
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                <text>Eltalhi, Saria</text>
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                <text>Kutrani, Huda</text>
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                <text>Imsallim, Reem</text>
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                <text>Elrefady, Mikael</text>
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                <text>At present, learning mobile applications (apps) have become highly popular and are widely used. However, they will only be accepted by users if their usability is of an acceptable level. Usability tests assist to measure the impact of a mobile learning app; researchers focus on the compatibility of the app interface with the cognitive skills of children and easy usage. The “BenKids” app has been designed especially for pre-school children (aged three to five). It was created for android devices to teach vocabulary to pre-school children by providing the user with an easy and simple interface. This study aimed to demonstrate a relationship between learning and the usability of the “BenKids” mobile app and explore its impact on children’s learning. The usability of the “BenKids” app was measured with 10 pre-school children. The results showed the effective usability of the app and strongly impacts learning.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Saria Eltalhi, Huda Kutrani, Reem Imsallim, Mikael Elrefady</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 24 (2021); pp. 4-18</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>The Usability of BenKids Mobile Learning App in Vocabulary Teaching for Preschool</text>
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