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                <text>Exploring the various educational reform programs implemented in primary schools and high schools in Keralam in India in the last two decades, this paper seeks to analyze the dichotomous concepts of mental and manual labour, theoretical and practical knowledge, and general and technical education which constituted the premise of these reform interventions. The paper attempts to understand the role of different conceptualizations of language and experience in reproducing the above dichotomies. Tracing the genealogy of the dichotomies in the colonial period, the paper argues that even in the educational reform programs which consciously challenge the colonial models, one can find the continuing separation of mental and manual labour in variety of forms and modes. This leads to the question (though not answered in this paper) whether the very concept of knowledge itself, deployed in the educational practice in India, is ordered through the prism of hierarchical practices of caste.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/645</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2016): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 27-47</text>
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                <text>Critical Mind and Labouring Body: Caste and Education Reforms in Kerala</text>
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                <text>The status of women is an important social index of progress. Historically women have been subjugated and treated as the subordinate sex for several centuries. Unequal gender relations of power in which men's domination and women's subordination prevail as an institutionalized social norm in most of the societies calls for a systematic understanding of the roots which hold it strong despite the winds of change.</text>
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                <text>Sunder, Sumithra</text>
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                <text>Public spaces and institutions have often been linked when it comes to art practice in Bangalore. Whether it was the large-scale earthworks or the appropriation of heritage spaces taken on by artists, the spaces occupied by the public and the public art institutions have had a strong impact on the ways art gets produced in the city. There is also an additional element of reclaiming public spaces that is the struggle of most cities today.
Since February this year, the artist community of Bangalore has protested against the move made by the government to 'hand over' the Venkatappa Art Gallery to a private entity. This has spurred a lot of conversations about public spaces and public resources in the city, specifically, in relation to art. Art history and the 'teaching of art' have often been celebrated as an achievement of European scholarship. It is true that a number of institutions set up to teach art in India are a colonial legacy, but what emerged post-independence is a culture of rejecting European aesthetics and trying to form a national one if it were. And in our era of post-modern/post-colonial awareness, there is a fluidity in the conduct of the institutions and in the understanding of public spaces that have contributed to the aesthetic of the contemporary artist. In the light of the recent events, this paper will examine the ways in which the art gallery and later the freeform collectives serve as educational spaces for students and subsequently, explore the implications of the lack of such spaces in the practice of art in contemporary times.
Art Education in post-independence India reflected the uniquely Indianized, modern art-making. However, this modernist or 'formal' concept of art teaching and learning, prevalent during the prior era, still prevails in the majority of art schools in the country. Here, Modernist and formal are terms used with reference to the way art is made. A formal approach to painting would be in pure painting techniques that used oil/watercolour/acrylic paint on Canvas/paper. It also refers to form in the painting where there may be an abstract or figurative subject painted but it remains in the form of a painting, unlike contemporary art where the work of art is no longer restricted to a medium. It is important for us to note at this juncture that while the city that is now known as a font of conceptual and performance-based work, still retains institutions, such as the art schools that teach a modernist aesthetic. Therefore, one could safely assume that the spaces that exist outside of the art school feed into the art teaching-learning for students. That is to say, the culture that developed since the establishment of the early art schools, fostered an environment of experimentation. This kind of art practice led to the dematerialized artworks and research-led initiatives that have become a part of contemporary art in Bangalore.
The art school, the way we know it is a product of a colonial legacy and a nationalist need to 'encourage' all forms of education. But is there a school that can exist without an idea, or an inheritance? An ethics of knowledge is the foundation of any school in its essential definition as a gathering place but the complexity of what that knowledge should be, how its production is configured and unfolds, who translates it across the bridges of generations and time, whether its structure is rigid or limpid in its willingness to change, whether it is resistant to external mandates or longs for the imprimatur of an outside authority, and what status and success signify for its teachers and graduates—all of these define the place of gathering, its ethical complexion, its reasons for being, and what learning means there (Madoff, 2009). It would also be good to note here that the 20th century saw significant changes in terms of artistic practice. One significant change in the these years is a 'flattening' of genres/styles/discipline. Keeping this in mind, then one can ask, how do the art schools qualify teaching the traditional practices of painting, sculpture, print-making and such as 'visual art' and nothing else? How has it become, that the residencies and collectives that spring out of art school or exist outside of the art school have become incubators of what is contemporary?
In Bangalore, there has been no dearth of alternative institutional and art making spaces. Of these, the contemporary art galleries set up in the 50's and 60's were important to the construction of the contemporary aesthetic that is a signature of Bangalore-based artists and students. This aesthetic is seen in the large number of performance works as well as the collaborations and collective formations that produce art. The Venkatappa Art Gallery, due to its eminence as an art space for young artists as well as a museum commemorating a modern Master, becomes a nodal point in the construction of contemporary art history of Bangalore.
The Gallery, as seen by the artist community, is an inclusive and democratic space which can be hired at low costs by young artists and those from the provinces, and also excellent for non-commercial and experimental art projects, festivals, workshops, seminars, talks and meetings. Most of the artists who are part of the Venkatappa Art Gallery forum have had their first solo shows in the gallery. Through the years, there have been group shows, collective projects, eight state Kala Melas, retrospective of RM Hadpad, The Khoj International Artists Residency, The International Live Art Festival, Co-Lab and Ananya Drishya artist talks, and in more recent times, the IFA Public Art presentations, to name a few activities. These events have been open to the public and have been well attended. Students from local art schools, as well as those from other cities in the State, have been known to present/display here following the completion of their studies. Presenting one‘s artwork in the gallery is almost like a rite of passage and therefore has evidenced work of a number of prominent artists.</text>
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                <text>When Modern meets Contemporary: Venkatappa Art Gallery and Informal Art Education in Bangalore</text>
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                <text>The lack of recognition of the current Banjar language is one of the causes of knowledge and the introduction of children about the reduced Banjar language. In an attempt to recognize, introduce, and improve the re-knowledge of the Banjar language is to recommend the design and implementation of an educational game application called Bekantan Educational Game (BEG) containing material content and quizzes. Before this game application is used, it must be tested first. Test method used is black box testing, to test the functionality of game applications. Other tests are also conducted to obtain information about the material access frequency and reset quizzes by players. The result of black box testing is all the functionality in the BEG application in accordance with what is expected. The result of the frequency testing accessing the menu on BEG of Material Section is Wadai Banjar 2 Menu with 59 times, and the frequency reset on BEG of Quiz Section is a type of Drag and Drop quiz with 21 times and generate feedback from quiz in the form of final value with average 89.17%.</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9257</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27622">
                <text>10.3991/ijim.v12i7.9257</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9257/5552</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27626">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Aulia Akhrian Syahidi, Ahmad Afif Supianto, Herman Tolle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="27627">
                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 03 (2019); pp. 108-124</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27628">
                <text>1865-7923</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>educational game</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27630">
                <text>black box testing</text>
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                <text>game application</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27632">
                <text>user interface</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27633">
                <text>learning media</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27634">
                <text>Design and Implementation of Bekantan Educational Game (BEG) as a Banjar Language Learning Media</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14952">
                  <text>Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Journal</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15251">
                <text>Supramono, Supramono</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15252">
                <text>2021-09-17</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) used in data processing is OMRON Corp's CP1E type. In this research, a prototype was produced using a solenoid valve amounting to 24 which will be used as output for sequential water based on timer and presser given on parameters. Five experiments are basic patterns: chessboard triangle, zebra cross, off shift, and on shift. The experiment used fuzzy logic parameters to obtain accuracy in the waterfall; the timer is on the ladder diagram to provide the value of the combination of falling water that varies on each pattern. The accuracy value in the range 0-1 on one experiment is off-shifted. At the value of 0.206 bar presser, the water accuracy level is 0.811. At the 0.41 bar presser level, the accuracy level is 0.532; the conclusion produced by the presser is very influential on the water accuracy level at the waterfall. This research applies a PLC approach to the Internet of Things (IoT) for flexibility control and monitoring needs.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://pubs.ascee.org/index.php/iota/article/view/498</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15256">
                <text>10.31763/iota.v1i3.498</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15257">
                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Association for Scientific Computing, Electronics, and Engineering (ASCEE)</text>
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                <text>https://pubs.ascee.org/index.php/iota/article/view/498/138</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15260">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="15261">
                <text>Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Journal; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2021): Volume 1 Issue 3, 2021 [August]; 159-175</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15262">
                <text>2774-4353</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>PLC</text>
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                <text>PLC-IoT</text>
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                <text>Ladder Diagram</text>
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                <text>waterfall</text>
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                <text>Solenoid Valve</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15268">
                <text>Waterfall pattern using Omron CP1E PLC, Fuzzy Logic Method, and PLC-IoT approach</text>
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