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                <text>Benz, Arthur</text>
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                <text>Broschek, Jörg</text>
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                <text>Transforming the energy system towards an increasing share of renewables requires a significant change of a policy to redirect the path-dependent evolution of a highly complex technical system. Moreover, a new path of development towards energy provision from renewables has to be stabilized to assure sustainability. The federal systems in Canada and Germany diverge in the institutional conditions relevant for policy change and stability. Canadian federalism separates powers in energy policy and allows the federal and provincial governments to change policies on their own. In contrast, German federalism requires co-operation between federal and Länder governments which favors policy stability but renders significant change unlikely.
However, energy transformation started in the 1990s in Germany under conditions that allowed the federal government to avoid the usual mode of joint decision-making. In Canada, provincial governments took the lead in energy transformation, when the conservative federal government showed no interest in intergovernmental coordination. The article explains these shifts in power within the institutional framework. It also discusses the consequences, considering the stability of transformative energy policy. In Germany, policy change from the center undermined the stabilizing structures of intergovernmental coordination, in Canada, institutional conditions favoring continuity never existed. Hence in both countries, governments changed policies but failed to reform institutions of governance.</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Carbon Politics in Canada and Europe: Coping with Jurisdictional and Interest Diversity; 56-78</text>
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                <text>Transformative Energy Policy in Federal Systems: Canada and Germany Compared</text>
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                <text>The observation of the general practices of translation of End-User License Agreements from English into Spanish lead to the finding that some companies accounted for the difference between the legal requirements of the source text - the original text, in English - and the target text - the translated text, in Spanish - whilst others did not. This finding flagged up the need to improve the way in which professional translators approached the translation of these documents by providing them with the appropriate tools. Therefore, an application was created to provide all the necessary information in both the legal field - in the form of advice and links to Spanish and European statute law existing in the matter - and the linguistic field - in the form of a terminological database with specific advice for the translation key terms, a revised corpus with suggestions for translating typical clauses, and other tools that will be thoroughly explained in the article.</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/33</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)</text>
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                <text>2372-7152</text>
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                <text>Maaß, Christiane</text>
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                <text>Legal communication entails experts communicating with lay persons, some of which may have special needs or even a communication disability. In our contribution, we will discuss the results of a pilot project for accessible legal information and interaction texts. The project was carried out as a cooperation between the Research Centre for Easy Language with the Ministry of Justice of Lower Saxony (Germany) and has led to highly relevant insights into the possibilities of legal translation in the framework of communicative accessibility.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Open Access to Law; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): Special issue on "Communicating the law and public information to vulnerable audiences"; 10</text>
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                <text>2372-7152</text>
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                <text>Translating Legal Texts into Easy Language</text>
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                <text>Valenza, Domenico</text>
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                <text>Since the late 1990s, transparency has emerged as a major governance pillar helping resource-rich countries improve their performance and escape the resource curse. Within this debate, a few scholars have pointed to the correlation between ownership structure and transparency, and have argued that under state ownership, transparency should not be expected, as government officials refrain from strengthening institutions to retain their discretionary power.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i2.1182</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2018: RERA V12:2 Fall 2018 (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v12i2</text>
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                <text>Transparency, State Ownership, Norway, Russia, Oil and Gas</text>
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                <text>Transparency in Commodity-Rich Countries: Is State Ownership to Blame?</text>
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                <text>Â In this work simulation of a turbulent H2/N2 jet diffusion flame with flamelet modelling has been presented. The favre-averaged mixture fraction has been employed to model the combustion. Favre-averaged scalar quantities have been calculated from flamelet libraries by making use of a presumed Probability Density Function (PDF) method. The predicted flame temperature profiles and chemical species concentrations are compared with TNF experimental data obtained from Sandia/California. Predictions considering the unity Lewis number flamelet are found to be in good agreement with temperature and chemical species measurements. Predicted NO results also compared and shown with other species. This study shows that the combustion simulation using unity Lewis number flamelets are effective for predicting the flow, temperature and chemical kinetics of H2/N2 diffusion flame. To account for fluctuations of mixture fraction, its distribution is presumed to have the shape of a beta-function. Keywords: Non-premixed flame, Turbulent Combustion, Flamelet modelling Â  doi: 10.3329/jname.v2i1.2028 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 2(1)(2005)33-40</text>
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                <text>Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2005); 33-40</text>
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                <text>Transport and chemical kinetics of H2/N2 jet flame: A flamelet modelling approach with NOx prediction</text>
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                <text>This paper critically scrutinizes Timothy Snyder’s book The Road toUnfreedom. Russia, Europe, America (The Bodley Head, Vintage, London2018). It claims that the main reason for his failure to present a convincingaccount of the current neo-nationalist and authoritarian turn and outline anadequate intellectual and political response to it is his clinging to an anti-totalitarian framework which he had applied to Eastern Europe in some ofhis previous historical works (Snyder 2003, 2010). The framework reducesthree main ideological alternatives that fought with each other in the lastcentury into two: liberalism was supposedly challenged by totalitarianism.Since Snyder reduces the present crisis to the threat of the return oftotalitarianism, he sees an appropriate response in the revival of the humanand civic solidarity associated with the anti-totalitarian movements of thelast century. The essay outlines an alternative view: it links the present crisisof democracy to the ravaging e!ects of neo-liberal globalization and,accordingly, suggests combining anti-authoritarianism with anti-capitalism– or human and civic solidarity with social solidarity.</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 55 No. 2 (2020); 47-64</text>
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                <text>totalitarian paradigm</text>
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                <text>the new and old social movements</text>
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                <text>Trapped in False Antitheses: Timothy Snyder’s Analyses of the Global Authoritarian Turn Are Crippled by His Anti-totalitarian Framework</text>
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                <text>Al-Zoubi, A. Y.</text>
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                <text>The present state of mobile learning in Jordan is investigated in order to provide a meaningful direction for the future development of university eEducation in Jordan.  The strengths of mobile learning are elaborated and its current status including challenging issues from the perspective of cognitive learning is addressed. An online survey was conducted to investigate the expectations and perceptions of mobile learning amongst university students and professors in Jordan and a number of countries in the Middle East. Various factors that may contribute to the establishment of mobile learning in educational institutions were investigated and expectations concerning the impact of mobile technologies on teaching and learning were explored. The results reflect on the fundamental needs for effective implementation of mobile learning from the view of cognitive science, instead of technological evolution.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16482">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 A. Y. Al-Zoubi</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2008)</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16485">
                <text>Mobile Learning</text>
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                <text>Trends and Challenges for Mobile</text>
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                <text>Karunakaran, N</text>
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                <text>Even in the 21st century, agriculture is the major source of livelihood for majority of Indian population. But agricultural sector is under the big threat of economic reforms like liberalization and modernization of economy. The agrarian economy of Kerala could not exclude from the drastic hitting of the liberalization, privatization and globalization reforms; farmers of the state began to think that there is no other way to sustain their life. Cashewnut is one of the major cash crop became the victim of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) reforms. The export of agricultural produce make it difficult to get a better price for cashewnut and so many diseases are also contributing in the crisis of this cultivation. The area under cashew cultivation has started coming down over the years and the decline in area and yield growth rate was responsible for the negative growth rate in production for cashewnut and the share of real components is negative for the overall growth of output of this crop compared to monetary components and unless there are concerted efforts by the government to create awareness among cashew growers on scientific cultivation methods, there will be a conversion of cashew plantations into rubber plantations.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/716</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2013): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 31-48</text>
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                <text>Taiwan follows its East Asian counterparts to establish a system of lay participation in criminal trials, which is called citizen judges and took effect in January 2023. But Taiwan will soon face similar conundrums, like Japan and South Korea have encountered, about whether to allow professional judges to review and even reverse decisions made by citizen judges. In a mock case, the Taiwan High Court and Taiwan’s Supreme Court both attempted to address the conflict from a perspective of American law, but more controversies have emerged than been solved. This Article follows the route of the two courts and deals with those unsettled controversies in four aspects: legal errors, factual errors, sentencing errors, and the mixed questions of law and fact. This Article advises appellate courts to: (1) employ principles like preservation of claims, plain errors, and harmless errors when reviewing legal errors de novo, (2) incorporate the substantial evidence review with the existing law into a two-step test, through which the appellate review of factual errors may work better, (3) interpret the standard of exceeding unreasonableness in an abuse-of-discretion way when investigating errors in sentencing, and (4) replace the de novo standard with a spectrum approach when reviewing the errors of impropriety, namely the mixed question of law and fact in Taiwan’s context. Through these adjustments in the appellate review process, the new system of citizen judges will better serve to enhance the public knowledge of and confidence in criminal trials as the new system has been entailed.
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 33 No. 1 (2023); 93-127</text>
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