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                <text>Thomson, Viktoriya</text>
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                <text>The role of the EU in the promotion of Europeanization and the EU political identity in potential member states of Eastern Europe prior to the 2004 enlargement was important for these states’ future acceptation in the EU community. However, most research and literature have discounted the role of the EU and its attractiveness in the countries neighbouring with the EU that did not have a prospect of joining the EU in 2004. This article studies the process of formal and informal Europeanization in Ukraine before and after the Orange revolution, which occurred five months after the bloc’s 2004 enlargement, and Euromaidan of 2013. Despite the EU’s passive leverage in Ukraine between 2004 and 2013, and the country’s weak prospects for potential membership, the EU’s soft power of attractiveness was still an effective tool that was used by Ukrainian political elite and media in promoting informal Europeanization after the 2004 enlargement. Furthermore, confidence in the EU was associated with support for such liberal values as human rights, tolerance of minorities, and political efficacy. This article posits that notwithstanding weak incentives and support offered from the EU to implement formal Europeanization in Ukraine, the EU attractiveness was successfully applied by local elite and media to promote the informal Europeanization.</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2019): European Union Enlargement: 15 Years On; 64-86</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>Orange Revolution European Union EU Enlargement Ukraine</text>
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                <text>Europeans but outside of the EU - the EU Soft Power of Attractiveness in Ukraine Between the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan</text>
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                <text>Thusing, Gregor</text>
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                <text>Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 9 No. 1 (1998); 47-64</text>
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                <text>2169-3226</text>
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                <text>Recent Developments in German Labor Law: Freedom of Association, Industrial Action, and Collective Bargaining</text>
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                  <text>National University of Ireland, Maynooth</text>
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                <text>This article examines the question of how NATO employs instruments of power as it prepares for a possible defence against aggression from a potential adversary. It will attempt to answer this question by applying the various instruments of national power to form a qualitative assessment of the degree to which NATO exerts itself in these those power domains and how effectively these prepare NATO for conventional warfare. The article will consider how these instruments of national power, as represented by the ‘DIMEFIL’ acronym, can be applied and quantified as NATO’s own ‘supranational’ power parameters. Notwithstanding the obvious fact that NATO cannot be considered as a ‘national’ entity, nevertheless this article argues that such an analysis provides sufficient validity to produce observations and derive reliable conclusions. Whether such an analysis can shed light on NATO’s level of preparedness in fighting- and winning- a conventional European land conflict is the principal consideration of this article.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.maynoothuniversity.ie/ojs/index.php/jmhds/article/view/50</text>
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                <text>10.33232/JMHDS.2.1.133</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal Of Military History and Defence Studies</text>
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                <text>Journal Of Military History and Defence Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): JMHDS Vol.2  No. 1  2021; 133-149</text>
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                <text>2712-0171</text>
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                <text>NATO</text>
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                <text>instruments of power</text>
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                <text>How Does NATO Apply Instruments of Power as it Prepares for the Possibility of Conventional Warfare Against a Peer Adversary? Applying a ‘DIMEFIL’ analysis.</text>
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                <text>Over the past four decades, Intellectual Property (IP) has been one of the main controversies of US-China trade relations. But the current US-China trade war contains a new focus – technology transfer. This article adopts a socio-legal and economic approach to examine the current technology and trade tensions between these two countries and why China became an Information Technology (IT) powerhouse. It first provides an overview of IP and technology transfer rules under the Phase One US-China Economic and Trade Agreement (POA). It then explores different forms of forced technology transfer activities and the in-depth reasons for the US to shift its main IP concerns from IP enforcement to technology transfer. It explains why the US and China trade war is inevitable, why the current US-China IP-trade war is significantly different from previous ones, and the economic and political reasons behind the global technology leadership competition by the two countries. Finally, the author concludes that the POA and its technology transfer rules are not the ends of the game but just the start of the global technology leadership competition between the US and China.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/iiclr/article/view/26852</text>
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                <text>Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 32 No. 4 (2022); 531-561</text>
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                <text>2169-3226</text>
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                <text>The Political Economy of Technology Transfer Rules of the US-China Phase One Trade Agreement: Competition of Global Technology Leadership</text>
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