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                <text>In an attempt to tackle the pervasive problem of online copyright infringement, the Federal Parliament of Australia inserted s 115A into the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) in 2015. Section 115A essentially permits the Federal Court of Australia to order an Internet Service Provider to block access to an overseas website that has the primary purpose of infringing, or facilitating the infringement of, copyright. This article provides readers with an in-depth summary of the origins, legal context and scope of s 115A followed by an analysis of the way that it has been applied in the four cases to date. It also considers the accuracy of the two main criticisms of s 115A — that it can be too easily circumvented and that it is an improper substitute for the improved delivery of licensed copyright material to Australian consumers. It argues that copyright owners, rather than ISPs, will likely have to bear the costs of any injunction granted under s 115A and that the Federal Court of Australia has been alert to the need to balance a variety of interests in website blocking applications. This article concludes that although some criticisms of s 115A are justified, website blocking still has a legitimate role in reducing online copyright infringement in Australia.</text>
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                <text>2206-1398</text>
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                  <text>Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</text>
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                <text>Renewable energy sources are vital to fulfill the high demands of energy in the present world. The common renewable energy sources are wind, hydropower, nuclear and biomass. However, hydropower is considered the most flexible and consistent renewable energy source because it is comparatively cheaper and more available. Besides hydroelectricity production, hydropower dams can also be useful for irrigation. Though hydropower energy is considered as green energy due to its less carbon emission, still other environmental impacts of hydropower dams are many. Hydropower dams are built based on political ground. Research into the politics of building hydropower dams and environment remains underdeveloped in many ways. Thus, this paper focuses on the issues of politics of building hydropower dams and its impacts on environment. This paper has critically reviewed the extensive literature to examine the argument and counter argument. This paper argues that the building hydropower dams on international river for renewable energy has political as well as environmental impacts. Most of the literature argued that hydropower dams provide renewable energy which produces less carbon emission, but it is argued in this paper that hydropower dams have huge political and environmental impacts nationally and internationally. Displacement of the people and dispute for water distribution among countries due to the building hydropower dams are also considered to be significant for discussion in this paper. Thus, the paper critically examines the impacts and role of hydropower dams on environment, international relations and politics.</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/22573</text>
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                <text>Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy - Tribhuvan University (MIRD-TU)</text>
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                <text>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/joia/article/view/22573/19213</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 MIRD, TU</text>
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                <text>Journal of International Affairs; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018); 1-18</text>
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                <text>Udombana, Nsongurua J.</text>
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                <text>Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law</text>
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                <text>Indiana International &amp; Comparative Law Review; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2002); 185-236</text>
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                <text>A Harmony or a Cacophony? The Music of Integration in the African Union Treaty and the New Partnership for Africa's Development</text>
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                <text>The success of multilateral process in finding a diplomatic solution of Iran nuclear programme has been undermined by the US withdrawal from the JCPOA. The E3 - which played a crucial role in Iran nuclear deal- has been making efforts for preserving nuclear deal, however, it appears to be realistically falling short of expectation of Tehran. Economic engagement begun to expand after the conclusion of JCPOA- has now been substantially constrained due to sanctions imposed by the Trump administration. Different trans-Atlantic partners' approaches left them divided, and deep existing geopolitical fault lines in the Middle East have further been sharpened. European countries refused to join American naval mission in order to protect oil tankers in Persian Gulf. Iran regional roles, its missile programme, recent accusation of attacks on tankers, have further enhanced tensions in the region. European countries vow to preserve the deal in the interests of nuclear nonproliferation; and regional and International security and stepping their diplomatic efforts for reducing the tensions and keeping Iran in the nuclear agreement. Although Iran pressurises Europe and reportedly violated deal commitments, it keeps its doors open for diplomacy and a ‘practical solution'.
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                <text>Arab Women in the Gulf and the Narrative of Change: the Case of Qatar</text>
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                  <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies</text>
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                <text>Uudelepp, Agu</text>
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                <text>The author argues in the present article that although propaganda is considered mostly a tool of ideological communication suitable for use during wars or in totalitarian states, it is still used in contemporary democratic societies at peacetime and there are no major differences between employing instruments of propaganda in the public or the private sectors. The present analysis is based on the similarities and differences between Estonian political television advertisements and modern television commercials with an emphasis on the application of propaganda instruments. The author employed content analysis when studying the sample in which were 100 non-political and 84 political advertisements. This research shows that Estonian political television advertisements and international non-political television advertisements share some significant similarities: cognitive propaganda instruments are more widely employed than social ortechnological ones. The role oftechnological propaganda instruments is diminishing and such instruments are replaced by structural ones. A major difference is that, on average, there are more propaganda instruments per advertisement in political television advertisements than in non-political television advertisements, and technological propaganda instruments are not employed in non-political television advertisements.
Full text available: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i1.182</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/2430</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; 2007: RERA V3:1 Spring 2007 (backfile abstracts)</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v3i1</text>
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                <text>Propaganda Instruments in Contemporary Campaigns: Comparison of Estonian Political Television Advertisements and Modern Television Commercials</text>
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                  <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)</text>
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                <text>V L, Pavani</text>
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                <text>The growth of distributed computer networks (DCN) is simple for the user to share information and computing capabilities with the host. User identification is an essential access control mechanism for the client-server networking architecture. The perception of single sign-on allows a legitimate user to access a different service provider on a DCN using a single session key. Recently, several user identification techniques being proposed for DCN. Unfortunately, the existing proposals cannot maintain user anonymity when the majority of probable attacks. In addition, the further time synchronization mechanism they use can result in widespread overhead costs. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel authentication mechanism to prevent unauthorized service access for a mobile device in distributed networks. The mechanism implements methods to generate securely encrypted keys using RSA algorithm to validate the authentication of user login id and password.  Later, it implements a secure session key generation using DH algorithm which allows accessing the different services without repeating the authentication mechanism. An experimental evaluation was performed to measure execution time overhead for the registration process, an authentication process, session key generation process and Service Request Performance. The comparison results with existing authentication mechanism show an improvisation in all the measures.</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Pavani Veluru</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 12 No. 8 (2018); pp. 4-19</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>A Novel Authentication Mechanism to Prevent Unauthorized Service Access for Mobile Device in Distributed Network</text>
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