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                <text>V, Shantha</text>
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                <text>Language is used by writers in multiple ways to effectively convey the writer’s vision. This paper explores the Ghanian novelist Ayi Kwei Armah’s novel The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Bornand its layered use of language. How effectively can the realist mode portray a sense of deep despair? What are the layered levels at which language and narration must function to achieve the wrenching impact the author seeks to impart? What visual imagery or symbolic language can a writer use to convey the unconveyable? How can such elements be woven seamlessly into a realistic narrative? This paper examines some of these questions, and attempts to unravel the multiple ways in which descriptive language, revolting metaphors and nauseating scatological imagery are employed in the text.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 13-20</text>
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                <text>Layered Language</text>
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                <text>Layered Language in Ayi Kwei Armah’s the Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born</text>
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                <text>V, Shylaja C</text>
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                <text>Eco-justice pedagogy is an approach that addresses the necessity of sensitizing the students about the nature of the cultural and ecological changes occurring now on a worldwide scale. It includes a critical inquiry that helps students recognize and participate in the non-commodified aspects of community life. This paper emphasizes upon giving special attention to what teachers need to understand about how the language of the curriculum is based on root metaphors that organize thinking in ways that ignore environmental racism and the marginalization of different cultural approaches to community, not oriented toward dependency upon modern technology and consumerism.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2017): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 17-26</text>
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                <text>Building Bridges, Changing Lives: Eco-Justice and Teacher Education</text>
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                <text>Vihavainen, Sami</text>
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                <text>Smartphones enable an always-on connection to Social Network Services (SNS). A typical way of interacting with SNSs is to access them when the user has a suitable situation to check the status of her social networks or to write an update. One way to enhance the usage of SNSs is to have the service automatically push notifications about events to the smartphone user interface. However, there is no research on how users experience such SNS notifications. We present an explorative field study with 11 participants to assess how users experience mobile notifications compared to reading SNS content manually, initiated by the user. The participants first used Facebook for a month without notifications and then for a month with an application called Socially that sends frequent notifications about Facebook events to the userâ??s smartphone desktop. The participants who kept the notification feature on reported increased reading of Facebook. However, after a while, many were unwilling to receive the notifications, mainly because of lack of control. We report the qualitative findings on user experience, which reveal for example, that the use of mobile notifications decreases interest in Facebook. Notifications limit user control, and using Facebook feels more meaningful when accessed manually. Implications for design are discussed.</text>
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                <text>International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE), Vienna, Austria</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Sami Vihavainen, Kaisa Vä�¤nänen-Vainio-Mattila</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 7 No. 2 (2013); pp. 9-18</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>The Implications of Mobile Notifications for User Experience of a Social Network Service</text>
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                <text>Two of the common problems associated with navigation research in the field of human computer interaction (HCI) systems, are the relatively narrow view that the display is able to provide for a large information space, and the impact that a diversity of contexts has on the usersâ?? divided attention. In recent years, much research has been focused on the development of navigation presentation techniques to address the first problem, and the development of capturing the context with multimodal interaction in order to address the second challenge. However, the growing number of new terminologies and techniques that has been developed has caused considerable confusion for HCI researchers, consequently making the comparison of these techniques and the generalization of empirical results of experiments very difficult, if not impossible. This article provides a taxonomy of current navigation research, which describes clearly the navigation research on desktop and non-desktop environments; it also helps to identify research domains that afford and promote the direction of navigation research. This review reveals gaps where navigation research has identified challenges but has not yet explored them.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Teija Vainio</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 4 No. 3 (2010); pp. 36-42</text>
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                <text>1865-7923</text>
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                <text>Human Factors</text>
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                  <text>School of Liberal Studies, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, India</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies as a concept was already successful in the Western countries especially the US. It is already on the path of success and sustainability in Indian education scenario as well. During the last few decades, the people and the government saw the rise of Indian corporate houses, their competency and liberalisation in industry succeeded liberalisation in the education sector also. Liberal Studies is the speedily moving and widely accepted model of education in India today. The article focuses on the success of Liberal Studies owing to the active involvement of the private institutes, their endeavours, their initiatives to make a difference. The study has focused on twelve institutes of national repute most of which were founded in the twenty-first century who have brought liberal education to a new height with various experiments and endeavours.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318568</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 87-99</text>
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                <text>Since the late 1990s, transparency has emerged as a major governance pillar helping resource-rich countries improve their performance and escape the resource curse. Within this debate, a few scholars have pointed to the correlation between ownership structure and transparency, and have argued that under state ownership, transparency should not be expected, as government officials refrain from strengthening institutions to retain their discretionary power.
&amp;nbsp;
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i2.1182</text>
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                <text>Are United Nations peacekeeping missions effective at reducing violence incivil wars? Although UN peacekeeping is a notable intervention tool, theinternational community lacks systematic knowledge of how well itmitigates civil war violence. Given that UN peacekeeping is increasinglyused in the midst of war, this is a significant research gap with direct policyrelevance. This book systematically explores if and how the capacity andconstitution of UN peacekeeping missions a!ect the amount of violence incivil conflicts. It argues that peacekeeping e!ectiveness needs to beassessed in relative terms, theorizing that more robust missions areincreasingly capable of addressing combatant incentives for employingviolence. The authors conduct large-n analyses of the number ofcombatants and civilians killed during each month for all civil wars globallyfrom 1992 to 2014, measuring the capacity and constitution of UN missionswith unique data on the number and type of peacekeeping personneldeployed. The analyses reveal that increasing UN military troop and policepersonnel deployed to a conflict significantly reduces violence againstcivilians, and increasing UN military troop personnel significantly mitigatesbattle-related violence. By contrast, smaller missions and missionscomposed of observers are not associated with reduced violence. The bookcomplements the large-n analyses with qualitative explorations ofpeacekeeping mechanisms on violence in Côte d’Ivoire and the DemocraticRepublic of Congo. The authors conclude that while peacekeeping is notwithout detriments, it is an effective tool of violence reduction.</text>
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                <text>Czech Journal of International Relations; Vol. 56 No. 1 (2021); 109-115</text>
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                <text>In December 2010 the Council of the European Union adopted the conclusions on the European Case Law Identifier (ECLI). This paper examines the state of play regarding its implementation within the EU Member States and at European Courts. It also takes a closer look at the ECLI Search Engine which is now available on the European e-Justice portal and gives access to more than five million court decisions from twelve jurisdictions. But the ECLI Search Engine offers more than just a huge repository: it facilitates substantial and maybe even radical opportunities to further improve cross-border access to case law. Technology can be of help, but judiciaries have to contribute as well.   </text>
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                <text>This article investigates the tensions in the writings of Rosa Luxemburg as juxtaposed to her historical contemporaries in light of the debate on reformist Marxism. Primarily, her exchanges with Eduard Bernstein on the question of social revolution and with Vladimir Lenin on the question of nationality are explored. In relating these debates to present day examples of social and protest movements, as well as those for national independence, the article attempts to tease out guidance for Marxist political praxis in the current day. By close reading of the Bernstein-Luxemburg debate, it can be seen that the “reform or revolution” debate is often posited in terms which are inconsistent with those the authors originally meant. The article posits that there is no inherent tension or dichotomous relationship between reforms and revolutionary practice as consistent with the way the terms are normally used today. At the same time, it raises questions about what the practical limits of Marxism as both an analytic framework and a guide to political action are, particularly on the question of nationalism.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2017 Carter Vance</text>
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