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                <text>Das, Pushpita</text>
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                <text>India‟s proximity to two of the world‟s largest producers of opium and synthetic drugs and its large pharmaceutical base has made the country not only a conduit but also a source for drug trafficking. This illegal movement of narcotics and drugs pose significant threats to national security: breach of security of the international borders and the country, money generated by the sale of drugs and narcotics are used for terror funding and criminal groups engaged in drug trafficking develop nexus with terror networks. The trends and patterns of drug trafficking in the country demonstrate that there has been a gradual shift from traditional/natural drugs towards synthetic drugs that are being trafficked and consumed in the country. The paper analyses the steps taken by the State to curb the process and its effectiveness so far.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2178</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-23</text>
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                <text>Drug Trafficking</text>
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                <text>Drug-trafficking as a Non-traditional Security Threat: Emerging Trends and Responses</text>
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                <text>Khurana, Gurpreet Singh</text>
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                <text>The centre-of-gravity of world‘s economic power is shifting eastwards to the ‗Indo-Pacific‘, a maritime-configured macro-region that spans the maritime underbelly of Asia connecting the Indian and the western Pacific oceans. The security environment in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific are different; nonetheless, strong maritime security linkages emerging between the two oceans has led to the reincarnation of the concept of ‗Indo-Pacific‘. Since the turn of the 21st century, new maritime insecurities have taken root, including in terms of China‘s revisionist positions on the established maritime order. Notwithstanding the US response in the western Pacific and the recent articulation of its ‗Indo-Pacific‘ strategy, it is unclear how the regional countries and the major regional stakeholders willmanage to address the emerging maritime insecurities in the Indian Ocean, including in terms of China‘s expanding politico-military footprint. This paper attempts to examine the security environment and geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific in context of India‘s national security interests.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2181</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 71-86</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>Indo-Pacific Geopolitics</text>
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                <text>PLA Navy</text>
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                <text>Maritime Security and Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific Region</text>
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                <text>Ranjan, Amit</text>
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                <text>In 2018, India and Bhutan completed 50 years of their diplomatic relationships. For a large number of South Asian observers and commentators, the two countries are considered close to each other, however, there are areas of concern. One of them is India‟s investments in Bhutan‟s hydropower sector. There is a growing disillusionment among a section of the Bhutanese population over India‟s engagements in this sector. This paper looks at the relationships between the two countries and examines the concerns of Bhutanese against India. The author argues that Bhutan is a small but strategically important country for India whose concerns must be satisfactorily addressed by New Delhi.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2185</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2019 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 87-101</text>
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                <text>China</text>
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                <text>Doklam</text>
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                <text>Fiendship Treaty</text>
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                <text>India-Bhutan Relationships: Cordial but Concerns Remain</text>
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                <text>Sathiyaseelan, Anuradha</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 1 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; v-ix</text>
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                <text>Editorial: Covid 19, the New Normal and the Local-Global Dynamics</text>
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                <text>A healthy and democratic political community is built on effective and meaningful communication among diverse political groups and individuals. Political engagement in earlier days was confined to a limited number of people, which often impeded the rational criticism and effective- ness of public policies. In Bangladesh, many people remain outside the boundaries of policymaking. To a cer- tain degree, traditional media failed to bridge the gap be- tween public and political authority. Digital media has re- cently entered into public life and offers various groups a chance to engage in political communication. Even com- munication through digital media has started to deter- mine the fortune of political events in Bangladesh like elsewhere in the world. Therefore, digital media, as a key player in political communication, has to be studied care- fully. In this article, it has been discussed why and how digital media has earned power regarding political com- munication. This study also seeks the state of democracy and political pluralism in contemporary Bangladesh. Identifying three key players of Bangladesh politics: polit- ical leaders, political activists, and grassroots citizens, this article further elucidates the nature of their chemistry in the digital age.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1 - 19</text>
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                <text>Political communication</text>
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                <text>Digital Media and Political Communication in Bangladesh: A New Wave of Democratic and Pluralistic Politics?</text>
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                <text>Pradeep Kumar, Kallolickal S</text>
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                <text>Human beings are distinct from one another in each and every aspect of socio-cultural life. The virtue, colourfulness and beauty of human life is embedded in its diverse socio-cultural features and living circumstances. Languages, ethnic affiliations, beliefs and practices. Natural resources, climatic conditions, etc., contribute a lot in the development of multiple cultures across the world. In fact, plurality is the essence of human species. Nowadays, people belonging to varying affiliations of the nature mentioned above are sharing common resources and are in close contact with each other in their day to day life. Accordingly, a number of social adjustments and mobilizations are evolved to cope up with the changing socio-cultural, political and economic scenario of the society at large. This paper is an attempt to appraise the genesis, growth, nature and impact of group mobilizations as well as the ‘working of plurality’ in a multicultural society such as Kerala, the southern most State of the Indian union.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2551</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9543">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9544">
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 21 - 35</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>plurality</text>
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                <text>caste</text>
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                <text>Plurality in Practice: Challenges and Prospects</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9557">
                <text>Thermadam, Simon</text>
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                <text>Financial inclusion, the process of ensuring access to financial services along with timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups, helps the weaker sections and low-income groups in different ways. With an active intervention of the government, a large number of the unbanked segments of the society could be included in various financial services in the last few years. As a result, the number of bank accounts has been increasing. Members from the marginalised groups, women, etc. are some of the direct beneficiaries of financial inclusion. By utilizing micro data of World Bank, ‘Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2017, the author observes that socio-economic factors, like educational level, age group, and employment have an important role in determining one’s access to banking services. But some problems arise when the account holders do not utilize the banking facilities properly, especially when a majority stays idle. Lack of money is still considered one of the major factors for a lack of interest in holding a bank account. The ownership of bank account by other members in the same family also stops many from opening a bank account. The government has to take active measures to solve these issues. Moreover, the remaining unbanked sections of the society have to be included in the financial services, by solving the various reasons cited.</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9565">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2552/1789</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9566">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9567">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9568">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 37 - 51</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9569">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9570">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9571">
                <text>Financial inclusion, financial exclusion, bank account, unbanking sections, socio-economic factors, government policies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9572">
                <text>Financial Inclusion in India: An Analysis of its Pattern</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="9576">
                <text>Gangte, Lammuansiam</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9577">
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              <elementText elementTextId="9578">
                <text>There is a strong case to reconsider the “debt-trap diplomacy” of China. The narrative that holds “Chinese loans are responsible for the debt-crises plaguing under developed and developing countries”(The Maritime Executive, 2019)needs a critical reexamination and, perhaps, a rethink in our geostrategic and geopolitical calculations. This paper is a case study on Sri Lanka’s Hambantota port, an asset handed over to China on lease for 99 years in the year 2017, which the dominant narrative claims to be a significant foreign policy debacle engineered by the Chinese. An inquiry into the crisis, however, traces its development back to the country’s fiscal management and macroeconomic realities that, the study argues, impelled Sri Lanka to take the tough call it did. Sri-Lanka is beset by twin deficits, among other macro-economic challenges, forcing its authorities to embark on external financing to meet fiscal expenditures, especially for the infrastructure projects. While the bulk of external capital comes from traditional creditors such as IMF and World Bank, the loan for the Hambantota project was sanctioned by China. Assessments from experts ruled out the economic potentiality of the project, owing to its commercial non-viability and logistical challenges. This decidedly prompted authorities to discontinue the project and the immediate consequence of which was difficulty in



revenue generation, translating into substantial constraints on the fiscal front resulting from the country’s soaring debt-servicing cost. Faced with a series of international sovereign debt-payment obligations lined up in the years 2020 and 2021, Sri Lanka finally gave up its non-productive asset in exchange for some extra foreign exchange reserves to meet the debt obligations lined up in the years ahead. Out of some 3000 infrastructure projects where China has invested in, the Hambantota port was the only one used as a textbook example for “the Debt-trap diplomacy.” However, drawing from objective analyses and empirical studies this case study finds no evidence for “Debt-trap diplomacy .”</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9579">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9580">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2553</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9581">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.53.4</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9582">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9583">
                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9584">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2553/1790</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9585">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9586">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="9587">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 53 - 66</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9588">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="9589">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9590">
                <text>Diplomacy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9591">
                <text>Debt</text>
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                <text>macro-prudential analysis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9593">
                <text>Chinese loans</text>
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                <text>The Debt-Trap Diplomacy Revisited: A Case Study on Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Port</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>Varghese, Ritu</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>The immense popularity of Mirabai, the sixteenth-century bhakti poet-saint, transcends time and space. Beliefs have it that she renounced her kshatriya and royal identity for spiritual pursuits in the public domain. She was challenged, critiqued, ostracised, and castigated within her community and was labelled as a woman of questionable character. Mirabai wandered to various places, singing and dancing to bhajans negotiating the public and the private while becoming both virtuous and promiscuous in multiple narratives. Mirabai has been accommodated within the marginalised and subaltern communities and gradually, a community of destitute women has formed around her. With the revival of Mirabai during the Indian ‘nationalist’ period by popular spokespersons such as Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi as an ‘ideal’ and ‘chaste’ historical character in their public speeches and private letters, the promiscuous image of Mirabai, perpetuated through centuries, witnessed transgressions and she was eventually elevated to the status of a saint. This paper with literary, biographical and hagiographical representations explores the mechanism of the paradoxical plane that allowed the promiscuous image of Mirabai to achieve sainthood and become a cult name in the bhakti tradition.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2554</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.53.5</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2554/1791</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9608">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9609">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9610">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 67-81</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9612">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>Mirabai, Bhakti, Gandhi, Indian Freedom Struggle Movement, Promiscuity, Women in Public Spheres.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9614">
                <text>Mirabai in Popular Imagination: Reading Bhakti Canon in Contemporary Context</text>
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