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                <text>Karimi, Rebwar</text>
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                <text>Proximity has become our Achilles heel. We live in a global, tightly networked world whose keyword is "safety gap"! Individuals, families, communities, cities, states, and countries will keep their distance from each other. The use of masks has become a kind of metaphor to depict a wide range of hazards and our human insecurity in the middle of this global chaos. Not in vain: a loss of 3 million human lives and 30 trillion USD financial loss only in 2020 is merely part of the Covid-19 pandemic cost calculation. We face the most fundamental questions of sociology: Trust, which is the cornerstone of our social life, is threatened. The epidemic has roots in human lifestyles and choices as well as in decision-making. Thus, the concepts of risk and risk society have become more relevant. This paper discusses this reality against the risk society literature background and utilizes facts related to the pandemic in a global sphere. The purpose is to perceive how a global risk society is formed around the pandemic and how normative choices, reasonable measures, and expert solutions will lead to an additional sense of insecurity. The content analysis method is applied to this research. The theoretical discussion of the study is supported by material consisting of online press material, expert comments, interviews, video, etc. Research shows that with the pandemic, the function of modern institutions in societies has become both emphasized and criticized. Also, confidence in the expert system has been on a collision course. In parallel, these processes have increased uncertainty, which contributes to improving social reflexivity in the face of global challenges.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-19</text>
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                <text>Covid-19, Risk and the Global Society of Mask</text>
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                <text>This paper endeavours to analyse the conflictual relation that the concepts of ‘Universalism’ and ‘Particularism’ share and delves into how the debate came to fore, the seemingly irreconcilable strands in both, which on the surface, make them incompatible with each other in a particularly partisan either/or debate. It then seeks to explore, how on certain issues, both work in tandem and come across as complements to each other. The concept of ‘Universal Human Rights’ is taken as one such project, seen through the lens of Fraserian ‘status model’ to situate the issues of social justice, identity politics, and the struggle for recognition within the domain of Human Rights.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2924</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2924/2137</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 21-36</text>
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                <text>Universalism</text>
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                <text>Universalism and Particularism: A Fraserian Approach to Human Rights</text>
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                <text>Sentevska, Irena</text>
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                <text>Drawing from different academic disciplines this article addresses a mainstream genre of popular music in post-Yugoslav Serbia as a mirrorof the neocolonial processes of “thirdworldization” of small cultures which share a marginal position in the globalized world order. This once despised form of popular entertainment has been acknowledged as a complex cultural phenomenon, deeply connected to the questions of cultural and political legitimacy. I trace its historic roots in socialist Yugoslavia connecting it with the processes of modernization and post-World War II social transformations of the country. I discuss the rise of “turbo-folk” in Serbia in the context of the dissolution ofYugoslavia in the 1990s and the genre’s controversial role both in Serbia and in other former Yugoslav republics. I look at the association of turbo-folk with the global processes of “thirdworldization” and concepts of crypto-colonialism and self-colonization. Finally, I discuss “turbo-folk” as a tool for cultural legitimization of the new political and economic elites of post-socialist Serbia in analogy with similar cultural forms which emerge throughout the global post-socialist “South”.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2928</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 2 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 17 - 35</text>
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                <text>turbo-folk</text>
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                <text>Popular Music and the Subaltern Internationale:  the Case of Serbian “Turbo-folk”</text>
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                <text>Benharrousse, Rachid</text>
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                <text>Because France has colonized Morocco, the Moroccan Educational system became colonial. French protectorate implemented assimilation, then an adaptation approach to education. Even in post-independence Morocco, the French system continues to structure Moroccan education albeit with the diverse reforms from 1956. Hence, the literature assigned in Moroccan secondary education establishes neocolonialist tropes; that is, Morocco is represented as a mystical, chaotic, atemporal, and backward space. Naguib Mahfouz’s The Thief and the Dogs, Ahmed Sefrioui’s The Box of Wonders, and Mohammed Khair-Eddine’s Il était une fois un vieux couple heureux &amp;nbsp;legitimize Morocco’s need for westernization and Modernity. Accordingly, the neocolonial traces are to be found also in the literature assigned in the Moroccan secondary curriculum.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2930</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10418">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.57.6</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10422">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10423">
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 2 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 95 - 111</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10425">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10426">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10428">
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                <text>Morocco</text>
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                <text>Neocolonialism</text>
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                <text>Francophone Literature</text>
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                <text>Orientalism</text>
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                <text>Education</text>
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                <text>History</text>
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                <text>Colonialism</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10436">
                <text>The Mystical, Chaotic, and Atemporal: Neocolonialist Literature in Moroccan Secondary Education</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10441">
                <text>Singh, Amarjeet</text>
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                <text>If Bangladesh continues to deny illegal migration taking place from its territory to the north-eastern region of India, in the similar vein, India is unable to provide evidence of any Bangladeshi nationals staying illegally in its territory as sought by the former. However, the successive Indian governments and major political parties have consistently promised to detect foreign nationals who are believed to be staying illegally in different parts of the country. India also continues to refrain from discussing the matter with Bangladesh. But, the concerns of ethnic communities in the north-eastern region of the country of being increasingly outnumbered by the non-indigenous population in their land have led to the rise of organised resistance movements. As a result, several agreements have been concluded in which the central government promised to take measures to detect foreign nationals from the region. Meanwhile, the recently updated citizens’ register of Assam and the amended citizenship law of the country have rather upset the region’s ethnic communities. They are worried and helpless at the same time. This essay intends to discuss these issues in detail.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2960</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10446">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.59.3</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10447">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10448">
                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10449">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2960/2138</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10450">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10451">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10452">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 37-57</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10453">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10454">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10455">
                <text>Assam</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10456">
                <text>Bangladesh</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10457">
                <text>illegal migration</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10458">
                <text>national register of citizens</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10459">
                <text>North-east region</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10460">
                <text>Citizenship (Amendment) Act</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10461">
                <text>2019</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10462">
                <text>Invisible Migration in India’s North-eastern Region</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2304">
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="10467">
                <text>N, Manoharan</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Book Review</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10471">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2979</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10472">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.58.6</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10473">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10474">
                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10475">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2979/2129</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10476">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10477">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10478">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 113-115</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10479">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10480">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10481">
                <text>India</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10482">
                <text>Japan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10483">
                <text>Diplomacy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10484">
                <text>India-Japan Relations</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10485">
                <text>A Diplomat’s Reminiscences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10486">
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              <elementText elementTextId="10488">
                <text>Non-refereed Book Review</text>
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                <text>Text</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2304">
                  <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10490">
                <text>Szakács, Eszter</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10491">
                <text>2021-12-03</text>
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                <text>This essay looks at an ethnographical study of a grassroots, state-independent art initiative in postsocialist Hungary together with some aspects of the anthropological analyses of a few independent art initiatives in the postcolonial contexts of Tanzania and Senegal. By drawing comparisons between state-independent art institutions in postsocialist and postcolonial regions, where similar creative institutional experiments are at play, I will show how bottom-up art institutions in these two regions can and cannot be considered to be sharing corresponding strategies. This comparative, ethnography-based study between state-independent art institutions allows for a more critical understanding of the intersections of the postsocialist and the postcolonial conditions. My argument is based less on applying a specific theory (such as “Post-Cold War studies” or “decolonial aesthesis”) to both contexts but rather, as I will discuss, on explicating emerging practices as a result of unsteady states.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10494">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2980</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10495">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.57.3</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10497">
                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10498">
                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2980/2086</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10499">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10500">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10501">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 2 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 37 - 56</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="10502">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10503">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>postsocialism</text>
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                <text>postcolonialism</text>
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                <text>decoloniality</text>
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                <text>state-independence</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10508">
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 25-33</text>
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                <text>Water Management</text>
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                <text>Water Disputes</text>
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                <text>State of Federalism in India’s Water Management: A Commentary</text>
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                <text>Duong-Pedica, Anaïs</text>
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                <text>Decolonial investigations often take the “after” of decolonization as a point of departure, arguing that modernity/coloniality does not end with independences. This text challenges the taken-for-granted assumption that political decolonizations are over and aims to orient us toward thinking decolonially from Kanaky-New Caledonia, a non-decolonized country currently in an institutional process of decolonization from France, and with people currently fighting for independence. In this paper, we explore three axis of reflection: the coloniality of relations, thinking beyond independence, and pluriversality. The paper highlights the importance of radical relationality as worldview, which can be found in Kanak ways of inhabiting the world, in order to resist the logic of separation of modernity/coloniality and patriarchal, racist, colonial and capitalist systems of oppression and domination.</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.57.8</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10552">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 2 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 141 - 164</text>
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                <text>Kanaky</text>
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                <text>New Caledonia</text>
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                <text>independence</text>
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                <text>coloniality</text>
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                <text>Thinking Kanaky Decolonially</text>
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                <text>Sudhir, Dakshina</text>
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                <text>Humankind has been haunted and tormented by diseases that have taken a toll on hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. Deadly diseases like plague, tuberculosis, smallpox, and many others of the kind have claimed many human lives over the centuries. Nonetheless, in this era of globalization, a disease spread by a virus has taken the world by storm as a pandemic. The different waves of the pandemic have brought the world to its knees as a novel coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been found responsible for Covid-19. The virus changed the lives of millions across the globe as it spread to many countries by late 2019 and early 2020. The countries adopted several steps to control and contain the spread of the virus with the limited knowledge they had of the disease. The prime mode of transmission of the virus was understood to be through touch and not by air at the time (though it has now been proved to be an airborne infection). As the virus continued to mark its presence in most of the world by March 2020, most countries resorted to immediate non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as closing down national borders, lockdowns, self-restraint, social distancing, sanitization, and so on that were implemented at various stages depending on the gravity and intensity of the spread of the virus and the demographics of the countries. The stage, process and effectiveness of implementation for all the countries depended on the structure of its political administration and the power vested in the respective authorities.To understand how the effects of the pandemic differs to various regions of the world depending on the kind of governmental structure, culture, demographics, peoples’ responses, and infrastructure, the paper explores and analyses the responses, strategies, and policies by the countries of specific regions. Japan from Northeast Asia, Vietnam from Southeast Asia, Sweden from Scandinavia, and Brazil from Latin America, are analysed with the available resources to understand why they stand as an exception in their respective regions.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10583">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10584">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 35-70</text>
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                <text>0975-329X</text>
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                <text>Covid-19</text>
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                <text>corona virus</text>
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                <text>pandemic</text>
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                <text>strategies</text>
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                <text>lockdown</text>
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                <text>Covid-19: International Responses and Strategies. A Comparative Study of Japan, Sweden, Brazil, and Vietnam</text>
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