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                  <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Upadhyay, Shreya</text>
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                <text>The impact of Covid-19 in the global sphere has been profound. The world is battling questions around public health, economy, politics and society. As such, violent ideologies such as terrorism and extremism, have called for expansion. In 2020, terrorist activities have suffered a slowdown globally leading to a flattened curve. Despite that, the United Nations have warned that the pandemic poses a significant threat to the safety, health, and wellbeing of societies and communities around the world. Several reports have warned about violent groups viewing the pandemic as an opportunity for expansion. It is in this context that the paper will look at the social and economic fallout of the pandemic and its effects on terrorism, the current trends concerning extremist and terrorist activities and how the extremist or the terrorist groups have been exploiting the pandemic and its consequent government responses.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2816</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/2816/1864</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 19 No. 4 (2020): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 37 - 62</text>
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                <text>Terrorism</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 and its impact on Terrorism</text>
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                <text>As was the case with other federal states, Russia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was decentralized and devolved responsibility to regional governors. Contrary to the common highly centralized governance in Russia, this approach is thought to have helped insulate the government from criticism. Using local research and analysis based on a national representative survey carried out at the height of the pandemic during the summer of 2021, the article charts the public response to the pandemic across Russia. It examines the regionalization of the response, with an in-depth focus on two of the Russian cities with the highest infection rates but differing responses to the pandemic: St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk. There are two main findings: at one level, the diffusion of responsibility meant little distinction was made between the different levels of government by the population; at another level, approval of the pandemic measures was tied strongly to trust levels in central and regional government.</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/CJERS/article/view/3955</text>
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                <text>Centre for European Studies, Carleton University</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023): Responses to Covid-19 Pandemic Policies ; 29-54</text>
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                <text>2562-8429</text>
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                <text>10.22215/cjers.v16i1</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 and the Russian Regional Response: Blame Diffusion and Attitudes to Pandemic Governance</text>
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                  <text>Centre for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi, India</text>
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                <text>Jash, Amrita</text>
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                <text>On January 28, 2020, in a meeting with the World Health Organization's (WHO) Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on the spread of novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan (the capital of central China's Hubei province), Chinese President Xi Jinping remarked, saying, “The epidemic is a devil. We will not let it hide.” Furthermore, Xi affirmed that China has full confidence and capability to win the battle against the virus outbreak. As noted, on March 10 at Wuhan, Xi declared: “Victory for Wuhan, a victory for Hubei, and victory for China!” What is striking to note, as China declared its win over the epidemic, WHO on March 11, declared COVID-19 as a global “pandemic.”</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/60</text>
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                <text>CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 141-156</text>
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                <text>2319-5177</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 and Xi Jinping's Fight and Win Strategy: Implications for China</text>
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                  <text>School of Liberal Studies, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, India</text>
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                <text>Nizami, Nausheen</text>
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                <text>The Indian economy was ranked as the 5th largest economy in 2019 (Myers, 2020). The country overtook France and Germany to secure the ranks of the top five largest economies of the world. On an optimistic note, it has been growing steadily at a growth rate above 5 percent in the 2009-2019 time period. However, the world ranking is expected to change owing to the external shocks imposed by the Novel Coronavirus to all economies of the world. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A novel coronavirus (CoV) is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans (WHO, 2020). The real impact of this disease has been studied by various scientists after it was declared as a pandemic in January 2020 by World Health Organization. Being a Fast-spreading infectious disease, COVID-19 has taken a serious toll on human health with countries reporting an alarming number of positive cases and consequent deaths within a short period of time. Ruling Governments of all the affected countries face a serious challenge of saving lives and the economy side by side. As the majority of the affected countries imposed lockdown and work-from-home options (except the essential services and industries), the economic activities.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318258</text>
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                <text>There is a popular mythological saying in India – Hey Raam tere liye sab samaan (Oh God Ram, for you all are equal). That is true for most of the disease when Tartaglia spoke that “disease does not discriminate”. This comes true in the case of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – a health hazard that, at the aggregate level, did not discriminate anyone – rich, poor, women, men, educated, uneducated, young, and old, urban and rural people. Even age is not the real factor, although in the beginning it was told that children below 10 years and elderly people above 65 years of age are comparatively more vulnerable. Anyone can get afflicted with the disease regardless of her/his nationality, profession, economic status, or family cohesion. I thought of researching it from the perception of social change. Nicholas (2020) correlates human civilisation with larger cities,exotic trade routes, and increased contact with different populations of people, animals, and ecosystems and says that the more likely pandemics would occur.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318282</text>
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                <text>Liberal Studies; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): January–June 2020; 29-43</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 Through Social Lens</text>
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                <text>Proximity has become our Achilles heel. We live in a global, tightly networked world whose keyword is "safety gap"! Individuals, families, communities, cities, states, and countries will keep their distance from each other. The use of masks has become a kind of metaphor to depict a wide range of hazards and our human insecurity in the middle of this global chaos. Not in vain: a loss of 3 million human lives and 30 trillion USD financial loss only in 2020 is merely part of the Covid-19 pandemic cost calculation. We face the most fundamental questions of sociology: Trust, which is the cornerstone of our social life, is threatened. The epidemic has roots in human lifestyles and choices as well as in decision-making. Thus, the concepts of risk and risk society have become more relevant. This paper discusses this reality against the risk society literature background and utilizes facts related to the pandemic in a global sphere. The purpose is to perceive how a global risk society is formed around the pandemic and how normative choices, reasonable measures, and expert solutions will lead to an additional sense of insecurity. The content analysis method is applied to this research. The theoretical discussion of the study is supported by material consisting of online press material, expert comments, interviews, video, etc. Research shows that with the pandemic, the function of modern institutions in societies has become both emphasized and criticized. Also, confidence in the expert system has been on a collision course. In parallel, these processes have increased uncertainty, which contributes to improving social reflexivity in the face of global challenges.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Artha Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-19</text>
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                <text>Covid-19, Risk and the Global Society of Mask</text>
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                <text>Sudhir, Dakshina</text>
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                <text>Humankind has been haunted and tormented by diseases that have taken a toll on hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. Deadly diseases like plague, tuberculosis, smallpox, and many others of the kind have claimed many human lives over the centuries. Nonetheless, in this era of globalization, a disease spread by a virus has taken the world by storm as a pandemic. The different waves of the pandemic have brought the world to its knees as a novel coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been found responsible for Covid-19. The virus changed the lives of millions across the globe as it spread to many countries by late 2019 and early 2020. The countries adopted several steps to control and contain the spread of the virus with the limited knowledge they had of the disease. The prime mode of transmission of the virus was understood to be through touch and not by air at the time (though it has now been proved to be an airborne infection). As the virus continued to mark its presence in most of the world by March 2020, most countries resorted to immediate non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as closing down national borders, lockdowns, self-restraint, social distancing, sanitization, and so on that were implemented at various stages depending on the gravity and intensity of the spread of the virus and the demographics of the countries. The stage, process and effectiveness of implementation for all the countries depended on the structure of its political administration and the power vested in the respective authorities.To understand how the effects of the pandemic differs to various regions of the world depending on the kind of governmental structure, culture, demographics, peoples’ responses, and infrastructure, the paper explores and analyses the responses, strategies, and policies by the countries of specific regions. Japan from Northeast Asia, Vietnam from Southeast Asia, Sweden from Scandinavia, and Brazil from Latin America, are analysed with the available resources to understand why they stand as an exception in their respective regions.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2021): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 35-70</text>
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                <text>Since February 2020 hardly a day has gone by where a national security academic or policymaker has not used the word ‘unprecedented' to describe global affairs in the age of COVID-19. The pandemic has created tectonic shifts in the globe's economic, social, political, and International plates. With a vaccine yet to be found, there is increasing evidence that COVID-19's second-order impacts have assured one thing: further uncertainty in International affairs. The crisis after the crisis of COVID-19 is yet to take shape, but it is coming. To prepare for what could well be a decade or more of strategic uncertainty, countries like Australia and India need to consider COVID-19s national security lessons and how these might impact on assumptions regarding preparation for what comes next. This paper explores some of the COVID-19s initial national security lessons for Australia and India.</text>
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                <text>The global online communication channel made possible with the internet has increased credit card fraud leading to huge loss of monetary fund in their billions annually for consumers and financial institutions. The fraudsters constantly devise new strategy to perpetrate illegal transactions. As such, innovative detection systems in combating fraud are imperative to curb these losses. This paper presents the combination of multiple classifiers through stacking ensemble technique for credit card fraud detection. The fuzzy-rough nearest neighbor (FRNN) and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) are employed as base classifiers. Their combined prediction becomes data input for the meta-classifier, which is logistic regression (LR) resulting in a final predictive outcome for improved detection. Simulation results compared with seven other algorithms affirms that ensemble model can adequately detect credit card fraud with detection rates of 84.90% and 76.30%.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 15 No. 05 (2021); pp. 24-42</text>
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                <text>Fraud detection Credit card Ensemble technique Stacking Machine learning</text>
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                <text>The rate of crime incidence in Indonesia is quite high. Some efforts to prevent crime and to create community safety have been already conducted. However, the information technology has not been implemented yet. CrimeID could be a technology tool for both individual and collective crime prevention. The citizen could participate individually as a crowd to annotate the crime data from news article through the crowdsourcing platform using gamification concept. The collected data could be used to raise the awareness among community members of the crime that happens surrounding them by using the location-aware system.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM); Vol. 13 No. 09 (2019); pp. 52-65</text>
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