2024-03-29T09:54:13Z
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:1
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Note From the Editor: Winter 2020
Ahluwalia, V.K.
CLAWS Journal Winter 2020 is a “Special Issue” that holds significance in many ways. Contextually, it highlights the commemorative spirit of the 15 Years of Excellence of the Centre for Land Warfare Studies, and conceptually it puts forward an understanding of China in the current dynamic vis-à-vis India, from a wide range of perspectives, especially from India, United States, Bangladesh, and Australia.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/15
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; v-vi
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/15/15
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:2
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
The Ladakh Crisis and the Opportunity for US-India Relations—with a Catch
Kugelman, Michael
Ladakh
India
China
South Asia
The recent India-China border crisis in Ladakh underscores the threat posed by Beijing to the United States (US) and Indian interests in the Indo-Pacific region. Accordingly, the spat presents opportunities to strengthen the US-India partnership. However, the crisis also risks exposing the partnership's limits. This paper argues that to fully capitalise on the opportunities that the crisis generates for US-India relations, Washington and New Delhi should make some definitional and operational calibrations to their relationship. Additionally, America should expand its geographic conception of “Indo Pacific” beyond sea-based theatres and into land-based spaces, including the Line of Actual Control (LAC). This wider purview would strengthen US-India relations and serve US interests more broadly by expanding the scope for cooperation with Indo-Pacific states within the ambit of America's Asia policy.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/16
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/2
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 1-11
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/16/16
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:3
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Psychological Warfare: Call Out Adversaries' Designs
Ahluwalia, V.K.
In the emerging security environment, psychological warfare has become a significant and cost-effective non-lethal method to influence the target segment that is not controlled by any universally accepted laws, rules, usages, and customs. What adds to it are the radical changes in the geopolitical and geo-economic environment, information and communication technology (ICT), which is not only the predominant driver of change in future conflicts, but it is a potent weapon of today and tomorrow. The paper aims to briefly study the historical perspective and application of psychological warfare (psywar) at all levels, including International, national, and military levels. With a brief look at different terms in vogue and the overall aim, it would also briefly analyse the psywar being waged by Pakistan and China against India at different levels and what should be India's actions to ensure an effective psywar policy and strategy.
Note: The latest data used in the paper is until 30 September 2020.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/17
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 12-41
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/17/17
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:4
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
China's Military-Civil Fusion Strategy: Building a Strong Nation with a Strong Military
Jash, Amrita
China
Military-Civil
Military-Civil Relationship
Since Xi Jinping came to power, new concepts and ideas have come to define China's polity. Of which, Military-Civil Fusion (MCF) is one of the significant concepts added to China's national strategy with the aim to integrate the civilian research and commercial sectors with the military and defence industrial base. The MCF is integral to Xi's vision of the "China Dream" of building a strong country with a strong military by enabling the Military to harness the country's rapid economic growth. Here, the quest lies in building capabilities in ‘dual-use' technology and infrastructure to enhance China's overall economic and military capability and secure China's position vis-à-vis the West. The challenge for China is to match the speed and scope of the rapid technological pace to create Fast or lose the ability to compete. In this context, the paper seeks to understand the civil-military integration in China, under its current form as ‘MCF'. The key elements examined are the objectives, goals, and policies of the MCFstrategy. It also explores the significance as well as the scepticism attached to China's MCF strategy.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/18
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/4
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 42-62
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/18/18
Copyright (c) 2020 Center For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:5
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Defence Diplomacy: A Powerful Tool of Statecraft
Muniruzzaman, A. N. M.
Defense
Diplomacy
Military Relations
Military
Statecraft
Defence diplomacy, also known as military diplomacy, is the non-violent use of military forces, adapting public diplomacy, through activities like officer exchanges, combined training programmes, cultural exchanges, and ship visits, etc., to further a country's diplomatic ties and promoting its International agenda. Despite having existed in various forms for hundreds of years, this custom and its usage as an instrument of statecraft have received surprising little attention as a discipline for scholarly studies. Defence diplomacy in the last few decades has developed as a significant tool in the global political platform for statesmen to create better ties between allies and stand as a formidable opponent. This paper clarifies what defence diplomacy is, and what it means for modern International relations. In doing so, the paper seeks to resolve the academic oversight by critically examining the concept of defence diplomacy itself. In particular, this paper plans to address the conceptual ambiguity of the term “defencediplomacy” since its very first use by the British government in 1990.  Breaking down the various existing approaches to defence diplomacy, its tools, and execution in different case studies, this paper identifies the concept as a variant of soft power that is used to integrate the strategic thinking of another state. By linking defence diplomacy to the concept of soft power, this paper will not only cover the practices used by the states today but also illustrate the underlying strategic mechanism that makes defence diplomacy an effective and dynamic geopolitical tool in a global arena.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/19
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/5
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 63-80
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/19/19
Copyright (c) 2020 Center For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:6
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
China's Rise as an Arms Exporter: Implications for India
Chopra, Anil
China
India
Military
Exports
International Relations
Arms Exports
The Chinese arms industry today is the world's second-largest producer of munitions. It has overtaken Russia in arms production, a country that was once a major supplier of arms to China. Currently, three of the world's top 10 arms companies are Chinese. China is also becoming a significant exporter of arms around the world. It has emerged as a supplier of weapon platforms to over 50 countries and is now the world's fifth-largest arms exporter. Its main customers are relatively poor countries in South and East Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In each case, the sales are linked to lower costs, sometimes cheap loans, and political leveraging. Around 75 percent went to Asia, with Pakistan being the destination for over 50 percent of Chinese exports. Defence exports to others in Asia, like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Iran are also of concern to India. Close military ties with Pakistan pose a two-front war to India. In this context, the paper examines the trends in China's defence exports, with special attention to Asia. Furthermore, it analyses the implications it holds for India.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/20
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 81-96
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/20/20
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:7
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
China's Great Game in the Gulf: Implications for India
Singh, Manjari
Chinese interaction with the Gulf started under Deng Xiaoping when its economy was opened and Beijing felt that it needs to interact with the outside world. China's relations with Persian Gulf countries can be divided into three phases: one, wherein it first interacted amicably with the countries in the region in 1978; two, furthering of relations due to Chinese thirst for energy security and economic investments through BRI; and three, China's extra-economic or strategic footprints in the Gulf. It is the last phase that will have some implications for India, thus is of much interest globally and in particular for New Delhi which has huge stakes in the region based on its own energy security, human security due to its 9.5-10 million strong diaspora and economic and trade investments. Therefore, the article argues that New Delhi should be watchful of Chinese intent with regard to the Gulf, though as of now it need not worry.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/21
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/7
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 97-114
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/21/21
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:8
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Disaster Management in the Context of India’s National Security: An Assessment
Marwah, Naresh C.
Disaster Management
India
National Security
Disasters and environmental degradation are generally considered parts of a non-traditional threat to National Security. India by virtue of its geo-climatic and socio-economic conditions is one of the five most affected countries in the world in terms of the number of deaths and due to various natural disasters that make it vulnerable. However, India has also transitioned to a position of being an important ‘provider of assistance in International disasters.' Since India has a progressive and forward-looking development agenda of inclusive growth, which is getting impacted by disasters, disaster risk reduction has emerged as a high priority focus area in India's national policy framework. In this perspective, the paper examines the ‘vulnerability' aspect of India in the larger context of disaster management in India's national security.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/22
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/8
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 115-136
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/22/22
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:9
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
COVID-19’s National Security and Defence Lessons : Key Takeaways for Australia and India
Coyne, John
India
Australia
International Relations
Military
Indo-Pacific
Asia
Since February 2020 hardly a day has gone by where a national security academic or policymaker has not used the word ‘unprecedented' to describe global affairs in the age of COVID-19. The pandemic has created tectonic shifts in the globe's economic, social, political, and International plates. With a vaccine yet to be found, there is increasing evidence that COVID-19's second-order impacts have assured one thing: further uncertainty in International affairs. The crisis after the crisis of COVID-19 is yet to take shape, but it is coming. To prepare for what could well be a decade or more of strategic uncertainty, countries like Australia and India need to consider COVID-19s national security lessons and how these might impact on assumptions regarding preparation for what comes next. This paper explores some of the COVID-19s initial national security lessons for Australia and India.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/23
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/9
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 137-153
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/23/23
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:10
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
ISI in Pakistan's Domestic Politics: An Assessment
Pathania, Jyoti M.
Pakistan
ISI
South Asia
Intelligence Services
The article showcases a larger-than-life image of Pakistan's Intelligence agencies highlighting their role in the domestic politics of Pakistan, by understanding the Inter-Service Agencies (ISI), objectives, and machinations as well as their domestic political role play. This is primarily carried out by subverting the political system through various means, with the larger aim of ensuring an unchallenged Army rule. In the present times, meddling, muddling and messing in, the domestic affairs of the Pakistani Government fall in their charter of duties, under the rubric of maintenance of national security. Its extra-constitutional and extraordinary powers have undoubtedly made it the potent symbol of the ‘Deep State'.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/24
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/10
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 154-166
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/24/24
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:11
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Countering the Contagion Effect of COVID-19: An Appraisal of China's Influence Operations
Verma, Vivek
COVID-19
China
Propaganda
For China to realise its millennium goal, it needs to radiate its influence globally and simultaneously engage internally with the local population to ensure social stability. COVID-19 has disrupted China's dream of showcasing to the world a model state with Chinese characteristics. Influence operations thus form the basis of curating and presenting a credible image of the Communist Party of China (CPC) besides altering the behaviour of its adversaries. China has tried to firewall the western influence besides making inroads into other countries' economic, political, and societal institutions. At the time of the COVID-19 crisis, it is employing leverages to correct the narrative while gaining situational awareness through revamped structures and employment of technologies. It is thus imperative to appraise China's influence operations capabilities.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/25
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/11
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 167-189
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/25/25
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:12
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Loitering Munitions: Bridging Sensor to Shooter Voids in Artillery Fires by Precision
Prabhu, Ranjan
Artillery
Artillery Technology
Loitering Munitions
Loitering
Munitions
Artillery fires are aimed at crippling the enemy's war-waging machinery. Such operations are time-sensitive since they need to ensure that the enemy is engaged effectively and sufficiently degraded at critical points in time and space to achieve combat superiority. A robust, persistent, and seamless sensor-to-shooter link ensures the shortest loop between acquisition and targeting. Loitering Munitions if inducted into the Indian Artillery will be a gamechanger in this field and will fill the existing voids in surveillance-cut precision engagement capability between 40-200 km. In view of this, the paper examines the capability voids to suggest a solution based on the employment of Loitering Munitions to fill such lacunae—both in lethal and non-lethal domains, taking into consideration the present and the future security paradigm in the region.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/26
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/12
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 190-202
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/26/26
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:13
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Crisis Culture in India's National Security
Kapoor, Deepak
National Security
India
Two major aspects bedevil our approach to national security. In fact, they are not only relevant to national security but almost to all other spheres of our functioning as a nation. Of which, first, is the aspect of being reactive to emerging situations. A peep into history would show that from time to time, series of raiders and marauding hordes have descended on our land, plundered it, occupied it, and ruled over it. Starting from Alexander to Mohammad Ghazani, the Portuguese, the Mughals, the British, and even the Chinese have occupied different parts of India. However, during the same period, we do not find many instances of our indigenous rulers going outwards to capture or rule over distant lands. In fact, even while trying to defend our land against incoming adversaries, India's actions have been reactive in nature rather than proactive or offensive.
NOTE: This article is the revised version of the paper published on the CLAWS Website titled “Crisis Culture in National Security” on 28 August 2020
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/27
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 203-207
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/27/27
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:14
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
The 21st Century Cold War in “Cyberia”
Pant, Rajesh
What Mark Twain said about the invention of the Printing Press by Gutenberg in the 19th century, may well apply today to the evolution of the Internet. In order to combat this, in 1998, the Russian Federation had first introduced a resolution in the United Nations (UN) First Committee on the threats posed by information and communication technologies (ICT) to International peace and security. Since then the UN has set up six Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) to study the nature of threats in cyberspace-mainly implications of ICT on national security and military affairs, and how to deal with them. Subsequently, in December 2018, the UN General Assembly approved the establishment of two distinct groups, in order to further explore issues related to advancing ‘responsible' state behaviour in cyberspace, namely: an Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) and a new 6th UNGGE.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2021-01-31
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/28
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 208-211
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/28/28
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:15
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
The Choice: India, America and the Future of Human Freedom
Ward, Jonathan D. T.
India
United States
International Relations
Human Rights
Rarely in history are the choices put before one nation and one people so consequential, and not simply to that country's own future, but to the course of humanity. Rarely does such a momentous time emerge that will decide the fate of many nations. Rarer still do the forces in such a world come together in a way that one nation's choices and actions may reverberate for good or for ill across the decades to come. Such a time is upon us now.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/29
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/15
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 212-215
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/29/29
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:16
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Chinese Intransigence: Catalyst for Change in Indian Policies
Sharma, Rakesh
China
India
International Relations
Bilateral Relations
Since April 2020, a myriad of ‘whys and wherefores' on China's premeditated aggression around its periphery and against India in Eastern Ladakh, have been analysed ad infinitum. Inconclusive debates on China's belligerence against its neighbouring countries have called it a pursuit of its geopolitical ambitions by adopting expansionist designs. Wherein, mainly against India, China's adventurism is argued on the grounds of abrogation of Article 370; infrastructure construction along the Line of Actual Control (LAC); New Delhi's stringent opposition to the China-led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Regional Comprehensive EconomicPartnership (RCEP); growing linkages with the United States (US), and more specifically, the Indo-Pacific activism under Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD). Suffice it to say, having deemed to have ‘risen,' China is stirring tense geopolitical confrontations that, undeniably, demonstrates Beijing's hegemonic aspirations.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/30
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/16
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 216-222
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/30/30
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:17
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Futuristic Technologies and Weapon Systems of the 21st Century
Chakravorty, P. K.
Weapons Technology
Defense Technology
Artificial Intelligence
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes that involves development, processing, and management. Technology is dynamic and keeps on improving at a high speed. Currently, we are in the Information Age and a variety of advanced technologies are being used in our day-to-day life. For instance, in communications technology, today the phone can prepare a PowerPoint presentation, construction material are being fabricated on 3D computers, blood can be tested without samples, a guitar can be played using an application and learning can be done by Artificial Intelligence —exemplifying the advancement under the use of technology.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/31
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/17
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 223-227
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/31/31
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:18
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Tim Marshall, Prisoners of Geography (UK: Elliott & Thomson Ltd, 2019)
Burn, H.S.
Book Review
Political Geography
Geography
The watchword in the book is ‘geography'. Taking it as the cue, Tim Marshall narrates world history in a very simple manner, by logically arguing: why conflicts persist in some parts of the world, the reason behind the prosperity of a few nations, and the twist of nature by which certain regions even though blessed with natural resources continue to be underdeveloped.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/32
https://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/18
CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 228-234
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/32/32
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oai:igi.indrastra.com:19
2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
David Shambaugh (Ed.), China & the World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020)
M.C., Raghunandan
Book Review
China
World Order
International Relations
The year 2020 will be significant in the annals of history—first, because of the global pandemic and second because of China's behaviour in the International sphere. This year has seen some very notable shifts in International politics that could possibly bring about a change in the existing global order. China has been a key player in impacting the world and International relations in multiple ways. In this backdrop, the book China & The World edited by David Shambaugh is a timely and comprehensive volume.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): Winter 2020; 235-239
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5
Note From the Editor: Summer 2020
Editor-in-Chief
Editorial Note
While planning for the CLAWS Journal Summer Issue 2020 was in progress, the world was, and is continuing to fight a different battle altogether—‘a faceless enemy' in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic. This Issue also occurs at the time when a series of transformations in the world in terms of conceptual understandings of various phenomenons, the precedence of non-traditional securities over conventional ones, challenges and threats to strategic assets emanating from advancement in technology, empowerment of social media as the fifth state, etc. are at the forefront. All of these changing dynamics are noteworthy, especially from a land warfare perspective.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; v-vii
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/51/53
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Appointment of Chief of Defence Staff and Creation of the Department of Military Affairs: A Gamechanger
Singh, A.K.
Chandrashekhar, R.
Military Affairs
India
South Asia
The announcement by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi in his Independence Day address to the nation of Government's intent to appoint a Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) marked the gamechanger event that the country was to embark upon. The subsequent appointment, in December 2019,2 of General Bipin Rawat, to the newly created appointment as its first incumbent and the simultaneous creation of a Department of Military Affairs as a separate vertical within the Ministry of Defence with the CDS as its ex-officio Secretary are each and together tectonic shifts that have moved the balance in civil-military relations to a new normal. It has also disruptively altered the entire edifice of the structure of decision-making relating to matters of the military.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 1-18
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/52/54
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Environmental Security: The Challenge of Future
Ahluwalia, V.K.
Environment
National Security
Traditionally, the concept of national security was always associated with the protection of the territorial integrity of the country's borders against any external aggression. Post the Cold War, Human Development Report (HDR) 1994, introduced a new concept of human security, which was a historic departure from the traditional concept of national security. In this concept, much greater stress has been laid on the security of the people through sustainable human development programmes. National security, therefore, has two broad dimensions: traditional and non-traditional. All threats and challenges that impact “human security” are a part of the nontraditional dimension of national security. Similarly, the Commission on Human Security (CHS), constituted in 2000, defines human security as protection of the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfillment. It means protecting people from critical and pervasive threats and situations. Based on the threats that influence “human security,” HDR 1994 categorised seven main threats to human security: economic security; food security; health security; environmental security; personal security; community security; and political security.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 19-47
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/53/55
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Trump Peace Plan: A Good Diagnosis But Bad Medication
Kumaraswamy, P.R.
Donald Trump
Israel
Palestine
The Middle East
Since the time it was unveiled in the White House on January 28, 2020, Peace to Prosperity: A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People or more commonly known as Trump Plan, is a non-starter. As it was being announced, two main protagonists—President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu—were fighting for their political survival. The US Senate was deliberating the House Resolution to impeach President Trump and moments before the White House event, Israel's Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit formally filed charges of corruption against Netanyahu in a court in Jerusalem. However, both leaders managed to weather the political storm; if the Senate acquitted the US President, the inconclusive March 2, 2020, Knesset elections—the third within a year—injected fresh hopes for the Likud leader. However, even the little hopes people had about the Plan were firmly buried in the pandemic coronavirus and the unfolding worldwide health emergency, mounting human casualties, and the impending global economic collapse.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 48-64
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/54/56
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
UAVs and Counter UAVs Technologies in the World and the Indigenous Capability
Sud, Ajay
Unmanned aerial vehicle
Drones
Drone Warfare
At any time in history, the concepts of waging a war keep changing by the centuries. It adapts its hue to the socio-political environment and the current military capabilities prevalent in the zone of conflict. Modern wars are characterised by swift and intense conflicts unlike the long-enduring battles of the past. The battles are unlikely to be openly declared wars on another nation or entity but border on small intrusions and incursions. The present-day environment has witnessed the concept of multi-state armies fighting under one umbrella as happened in the Gulf War and Global War on Terror (GWOT) in Afghanistan. Moreover, the emerging hybrid nature of warfare beckons the use of innovative ways of fighting in conventional as well as unconventional conflicts, as we witness on the Northern borders of our country.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 65-84
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/55/57
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Is it time for India's Rocket Force?
Monga, Bimal
India
Rocket Forces
South Asia
Military
Missile Defence
The future battlefield is likely to be largely contactless where unmanned warfare, stand-off weapons, and cyber and clandestine operations will take precedence over tank vs. tank or hand-to-hand combat. Towards this effort, all major countries are creating assets and organizations to consolidate their space assets, galvanize capabilities in the cyber domain, provide a new edge to their special forces, and fine-tune their hybrid warfare options. However, an equally important focus has been on boosting missile inventories and redefining its employment philosophy. Over the years there has been an alarming proliferation of missiles all across the globe, as the technology to build them has become increasingly prosaic; today 31 countries are known to be in possession of ballistic missiles. It is not without a reason that Ian Williams, a fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) feels that “… we are entering an era of missile renaissance.” The missiles, today, are being increasingly envisioned for conventional use, leading to a serious rethinking of their employment.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 85-103
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/56/58
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Shielding of Strategic Security Interests and Its Implications
Chakravorty, P.K.
National Security
Assymetric Warfare
Drones have the capability of causing disruption and damage to military and economic assets. They are capable of effectively engaging strategic security interests. While they have been used frequently in Afghanistan and decimated a few leaders what shook the world was the events of September 14, 2019. During the early hours, as many as 18 drones and seven cruise missiles attacked two Saudi Arabian oil plants destroying nearly 50 percent of the country's global supply crude. The Houthi rebel group in neighboring Yemen allegedly claimed responsibility for 10 drone attacks. However, the United States and the Arab countries led by Saudi Arabia speculated a major role was played by Iran in it. Iran has denied the charge. Reports state that almost 25 drones were used which points more to Iran than Houthi. The attacks decimated Saudi Arabia's oil facilities and cut the country's oil output by 5 million barrels every day. This led to a surge in oil prices as Saudi Arabia is the world's leading oil exporter.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 104-115
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/57/59
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Role of Organisations as Non-State Actors in International Relations
Trivedi, Neeraj
Non-state Actors
International Relations
National Security
Nation-states have traditionally occupied an inviolable position as sole actors on the world stage. States act as rational autonomous entities that follow their self-interest with the goals of security, sovereignty, and survival in perspective. In their pursuit of security, states amass resources that allow their military and economic capabilities to increase their power relative to other states. The primacy of states within International relations, however, is now being questioned by the emergence of nonstate actors in world affairs and the changing nature of global governance. State power can be exercised along with the influence of soft power, economy-based decisions, and the role of private actors or organizations, all of which have now become legitimate mediums of governance in the present-day International system.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 116-125
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/58/149
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Rise of Fifth Estate: Challenges and the Way Ahead
Gupta, Gaurav
Fifth Estate
Print Media
Digital Media
From news to social media, from net banking to e-commerce, online gaming to ordering food at home, technology has paved its way into our lives. Technology has become our nervous system and any disruption to it can cause paralysis in an individual's life. The individual's personal information, which one never shares in physical space, has moved to the cloud and is sold for a few bucks in the market. Technical gadgets have become so advanced that one can get a real feel of a war zone, a robbery scene, a terrorist attack, or a high-speed jet inside a room wearing suitable gaming kits. The physical meetings have moved to virtual space. Technology is virtually 24x7 with us knowingly or unknowingly. Technology is an enabler and at the same time, it has enhanced the potential of lawbreakers. The biggest challenge, as the technology advances, remains that of security and legality in virtual space, because in virtual space there are no boundaries, limited laws can be applied and illegal activities continue through the dark web, albeit in a legal way.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 126-140
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/59/60
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
COVID-19 and Xi Jinping's Fight and Win Strategy: Implications for China
Jash, Amrita
China
COVID-19
Coronavirus
International Relations
On January 28, 2020, in a meeting with the World Health Organization's (WHO) Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on the spread of novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan (the capital of central China's Hubei province), Chinese President Xi Jinping remarked, saying, “The epidemic is a devil. We will not let it hide.” Furthermore, Xi affirmed that China has full confidence and capability to win the battle against the virus outbreak. As noted, on March 10 at Wuhan, Xi declared: “Victory for Wuhan, a victory for Hubei, and victory for China!” What is striking to note, as China declared its win over the epidemic, WHO on March 11, declared COVID-19 as a global “pandemic.”
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 141-156
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/60/61
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
India-Persian Gulf Relations: From Transactional to Strategic Partnerships
Singh, Manjari
India
The Middle East
Gulf
International Relations
India's relations with the Gulf countries have been exceptionally significant since ancient times and are multifaceted. The two have maintained historical ties with each other in terms of trade, energy, security as well as a vast expatriate population. While the Indo-Gulf relations are dominated by energy cooperation, recent years have experienced a shift in their dynamics. Owing to Persian Gulf countries' quest to achieve Vision 2030 through economic diversification, Indo-Gulf relations have seen an expansion in other non-conventional areas such as security cooperation and strategic partnerships. India is not in a military alliance with any of the major powers, however, it shares close strategic and military relations with many major countries in the world. Owing to the growing stature of India and its clout at the global table, India started to build strategic partnerships with major countries such as France, Russia, Germany, and the US, etc., in 1997. It is noteworthy that India has extended its strategic partnerships with as many as four countries in the Gulf, namely, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the UAE since 2003.  This shows that over a period of time the region holds immense significance for India's ascendance as a growing regional and global power.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 157-173
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/61/62
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5
Pakistan: the Balochistan Conundrum: by Tilak Devasher
Pathania, Jyoti M.
Book Review
Pakistan
Balochistan
Publishers: Indian Council of World Affairs and HarperCollins Publishers India (2019)
Location: New Delhi, India. P-ISBN: 978-93-5357-070-5 | E-ISBN: 978-93-5357-071-2
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 174-183
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/62/63
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Political Leadership and the Indian Armed Forces in Diplomacy and War: by Brigadier (Dr.) M. P. Singh
Sud, Ajay
Military-Civil Relations
India
South Asia
Book Review
Publisher: Greenfield Publishers (2019) Location: Dehradun, India. ISBN: 978-93-81089-39-2
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 184-187
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/63/64
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Future of Land Warfare: Beyond the Horizon: by Major General (Dr.) P K Chakravorty, VSM (Retd)
Singh, Narjit
Book Review
Land Warfare
Publisher: Pentagon Press (2019) Location: New Delhi, India. ISBN: 978-8194283744 pp. 1-292
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2020-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): Summer 2020; 188-191
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/64/65
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Note From the Editor: Winter 2019
Editor-in-Chief
Editorial Note
Hybrid Warfare
The term hybrid warfare, at a normative and intellectual level, appears to be too abstract and the latest thinking seriously considers referring to irregular methods to counter a conventionally superior force. A hybrid adversary is a complex, non-standard, and fluid adversary that demonstrates flexibility and adapts rapidly, uses advanced weapon systems and many disruptive technologies plus mass communication for propaganda for recruitment and to spread fake news. A hybrid war takes place in conventional battlefields, amongst the indigenous population of the war zone and the International community. Therefore, it is pertinent to counter such threats not only militarily but also through unconventional means to make it more holistic. As is evident, the ISIS-like phenomena proliferate because these are not just terrorist organisations but comprise an idea which operates as a highly decentralised entity. Thus, countering it would require a strategy that cuts its basic supply chain, that is, the ISIS needs to be refrained from monetising its acquired natural resource which is oil. If not contained at the primal stage, these entities will sprawl, as ISIS-like organisations can be equated with metastasised cancer, and can form an example for other such hybrid adversaries to be a mirror image in operations. Therefore, the world has to take note of these to contain this phenomenon.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; v-vii
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/65/66
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Contextual Evolution of Hybrid Warfare and the Complexities
Sharma, Rakesh
Hybrid Warfare
Missile systems
Technology
On September 14, 2019, at 4.00 am, Saudi Arabia suffered a deadly attack on its Aramco owned oil facility at Abqaiq and Khurais oil field, with, as has been stated in a version, a swarm of 18 small drones and seven cruise missiles. Very highly protected and fortified facilities, in addition to armed guards, the area had six battalions of Patriot defence systems, Oerlikon GDF 35mm cannons equipped with the Skyguard radar and Surface-to-Air- Missiles (SAMs). The targets were designated with pin-point accuracy and, hence, the strikes were most effective. They destroyed nearly 50 percent of the country's global supply of crude. The crude prices rose sharply in the International market that saw the US Secretary of State proclaiming it was an “act of war”– yet without a declaration of war. By exactitude, the perpetrators were unidentified, even the trajectory of the flights of the missiles and drones could not be ascertained; only remnants of the Yemeni Quds 1 missile were displayed. The conjectures are aplenty – from drone swarms, to cruise missiles, to stealth aircraft, and even ground action! It is also a fallout of the usage of modern war weaponry: plausible deniability! This is a manifestation of the 21st century's hybrid warfare.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 1-14
2319-5177
eng
https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/66/70
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Hybrid Warfare: Battlegrounds of the Future
Ahluwalia, V.K.
Hybrid Warfare
Drones
Drone Warfare
Military Technology
In the 34-day Israel-Hezbollah War of 2006, Israel's Army, one of the most technologically advanced militaries of the world, was pitted against the fundamentalist Shia Muslim organization Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah, a non-state armed group, was armed with high-tech weaponry and other disruptive technologies, such as Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs), anti-tank missiles, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are traditionally used by the regular forces of a country. Hezbollah forces shot down Israeli helicopters, severely damaged a patrol boat with a cruise missile, and destroyed a large number of armored tanks by firing guided missiles from hidden bunkers. The group's guerrillas stood their ground with their hi-tech weaponry and guerrilla tactics. They operated in a decentralised manner at the tactical levels, from both their urban and mountain bases, and shocked the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) with their conventional-cum-unconventional forms of warfare. Israel accepted that it committed a mistake in not adequately preparing for a ‘hybrid' conflict with Hezbollah.2 US Army Chief General George W. Casey said that a new type of war that would become increasingly common in the future would be “a hybrid of irregular warfare and conventional warfare.”
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 15-34
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/67/71
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Russian Capability and Usage of Hybrid Tactics During the Intervention in Ukraine and Crimea in 2014
Nagal, Balraj Singh
The hybrid war in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine is linked to history, geography, demography, local and national power play, and International level power politics between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and Russia. Russia has strong fraternal ties with Ukraine dating back to the 9th century and the founding of Kievan Rus, the first eastern Slavic state, whose capital was Kiev/Kyiv. The country has been under partial or total Russian rule for most of those intervening centuries, which is a big part of why one in six Ukrainians is actually an ethnic Russian, one in three speaks Russian as the native language (the other two-thirds speak Ukrainian natively), and much of the country's media is in Russian. It is also why the subject of Russia is such a divisive one in Ukraine: many in the country see Moscow as the source of Ukraine's historical subjugation and something to be resisted, while others tend to look at Russia more fondly, with a sense of shared heritage and history. Nikita Khrushchev and the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union transferred Crimea from under the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the government of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1954. As both republics were a part of the Soviet Union, the move was largely symbolic and of little practical consequence.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 35-59
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
How Hybrid is Hybrid Warfare? India's Conundrum and Response
Kapoor, Rajeev
Hybrid Warfarer
Military
Military Science
India
Where does India stand in this muddle of hybrid warfare? Clearly, the next decade for India will not be like the last one. The challenges we face today will endure well into the future, but they will be overshadowed by emerging hybrid threats. It seems likely that these threats will grow Faster, be deadlier, and more ambiguous while expanding into new physical and virtual domains. Conceptually, India has its own share of challenges emanating from this paradox. But, what actually are these threats? And who actually are the perpetrators? This requires pondering over.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 60-79
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Hybrid Warfare in the Sino-Indian Context
Chakravorty, P.K.
Hybrid Warfarer
India
China
In the first quarter of the 21st century, we have used terms like civil disobedience, counter-insurgency, guerrilla warfare, insurgency, insurrection, internal security, revolutionary warfare, small wars, subversion, terrorism, Fourth Generation Warfare (4 GW), grey zone, hybrid, sub-conventional and conventional conflicts. These are more often intra-state than inter-state. However, a Sino-Indian conflict, in all probability, would be an inter-state conflict. With China, it could be conventional, sub-conventional, grey zone, or hybrid. A grey zone conflict is best understood as an activity that is coercive and aggressive in nature. It is deliberately designed to remain below the threshold of conventional military conflict and open interstate war. Grey zone challenges are ambiguous and usually incrementally aggressive. Grey zone conflicts exist short of a formal state of war.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 80-95
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Fight and Win Without Waging a War: How China Fights Hybrid Warfare
Jash, Amrita
China
Hybrid Warfarer
The Chinese perception of the increasing security challenges has prompted a shift from having “fixed mindsets of mechanized warfare” to “establishing the ideological concept of information warfare”.  In this framework of understanding, ‘hybrid warfare' acts as a significant component of China's way of fighting a modern war, as witnessed in its growing interest in waging an asymmetrical form of warfare in areas that constitute its ‘core interests'. Wherein, Sun Tzu's recommendation of deception and intelligence, the use of regular and irregular methods with an emphasis on defeating the enemy's will to fight, act as key components of the current Chinese understanding of such warfare.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 96-109
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/74/81
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Contextualising and Understanding Hybrid Warfare by Pakistan
Semwal, Pradeep
Hybrid Warfare
Pakistan
Post abrogation of Article 370 and deterioration in Indo-Pak relations, Pakistan is running out of options and, therefore, would again attempt to activate, exploit, and consolidate its hybrid resources. This is likely to manifest in activation of sleeper cells, the surge in infiltration, fresh recruitment, recycling of some apprehended/surrendered terrorists, and triggering violent agitations in the hinterland of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K). To predict and prepare for likely threats in the future, it is essential to understand and contextualise the hybrid warfare capabilities of Pakistan.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 110-121
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/75/82
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Hybrid Warfare Challenges to the Armed Forces: Realities and the Way Ahead
Yadav, Kunendra Singh
Hybrid Warfare
Pakistan
India
With the recent landmark changes in the political landscape of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a whole new era has been ushered in. A state which was, unfortunately, the test-bed of Pakistan's nefarious agendas for decades has now been subjected to a bold, exigent, and logical step. The dissonance in decision-making has finally given way, laying the fresh ground for renewed endeavors. With “Hybrid Warfare Challenges to the Armed Forces: Realities and Way Ahead” being the subject of scrutiny, a certain degree of factual clarity needs to be brought in right away. Three fundamental queries need to be answered at the outset.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 122-141
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/76/83
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Hybrid Tactics Come of Age: Implications of the Aramco Attack
Singh, Manjari
Hybrid Warfare
The Middle East
Iran
Saudi Arabia
On September 14, 2019, Saudi Arabia's state-owned Aramco's oil facilities were hit by a swarm of 18 drones and seven cruise missiles. Located in the eastern province in the capital city of Dammam, the Abqaiq oil facility and Khurais oil field are protected by a massive air defence system installed jointly by Saudi Arabia and the US. With a market value worth of US$2 trillion and reserves 10 times bigger than Exxon Mobil, Aramco is crucial not only to Saudi Arabia and the region but to the entire world! Therefore, naturally, the attack on the sites at once shut down 5 percent of the world's oil supply, and oil prices rose up by 20 percent. Even though the functioning of the sites and oil production was reportedly resumed in two weeks' time, the attack had serious implications in terms of the security apparatus as well as vulnerability.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-12-31
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2019): Winter 2019; 144-149
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/77/84
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Note From the Editor: Summer 2019
Sen, Gautam
Editorial Note
The present CLAWS Journal has been composed with a variety of articles, opinion pieces, commentaries, and book reviews to theoretically understand why the Indian Army Chief has initiated four major studies for the transformation of the Indian Army into a “more agile fighting force” to face current and emerging threats and challenges. The Indian Army is, hence, looking to implement transformational leadership to achieve the stated goals and objectives through transactional management. The purpose of management as understood is the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through “planning, organising, staffing, directing, and controlling organisational resources”. Managers seek stability in an organised environment in order to control the organization's bottom line. The motivation for management is power and profit which, in the case, of the Indian Army is to transform into a more agile fighting force. Transformational leadership is different because it is“an influence of relationships among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes”.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; v-vi
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/78/85
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Imperatives of Transformation: Changing Character of Conflict in the Emerging World Order
Ahluwalia, V.K.
Geopolitics
International Relations
World Order
It is extremely difficult to crystal-gaze and predict the future with certainty. In hindsight, one can say that the rapid changes in the geo-political, economic, social, cultural and technological domains have had a profound impact on the emerging geo-strategic environment. With a plethora of disruptive technologies, the unknown effects of emerging technologies, asymmetric threats, and the revolution in autonomous systems and communications, the global environment has been in a state of continuous change and flux. Resultantly, the envisaged threats and challenges to national security, both traditional and non-traditional, have also undergone significant change. The complexities of which need to be analysed in order to formulate the future course of action. Factors such as external security threats, religious and ethnic extremism, population growth and unemployment, societal tensions, severe competition for natural resources, climate change, and environmental degradation are likely to ensure that armed conflicts will persist, perhaps with greater intensity. To say so, in a large number of cases, trans-national neighbouring forces and non-state actors have been indulging in abetting insurgencies, terrorism, violence, and organised crime, thus, perpetuating instability and conflicts.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 21-43
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/80/87
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
India's Armed Forces' Contribution to Nation Building
Malik, V.P.
India
Military
Armed Forces
Nation Building
No nation-state can be built without first creating and inculcating nationalism. The Indian paradox is that we are an old society and civilisation but we are a new nation-state in the modern political sense. In its long history, India can be considered to have been a ‘nation-state' only a few times: during the Mauryan Empire (321-185 BC), in the Gupta Age (320-500 AD), the Mughal period (1527-1857 AD), and as the British India colonial empire (1857-1947 AD). The dynamics of these near whole or complete Indian nation-states has been that each time, it has risen out of a hotbed of internecine quarrels and fighting among small states: a tendency which is sometimes felt even today. As a nation-state, India comprises a myriad stream of culture; 22 scheduled languages, 200 dialects, a dozen ethnic groups, seven religious communities with several sects and sub-sects, and 68 socio-cultural subregions. That makes us great as well as a complex society and nation. This very paradox also poses challenges in building India as a nation.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/82
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 1-8
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/82/90
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
India's National Defence-2024 and Beyond
Kapoor, Deepak
India
National Security
National Defence
National security has been a prominent issue in the just-concluded elections. In the course of intense electioneering, almost all the major parties have used it as a means to secure electoral gains. Be that as it may, the reality is that national security has not been given the importance it deserves by successive governments. No wonder, we do not have a comprehensive national security strategy document in place even 72 years after independence. However, thanks to the focus during the elections, some pertinent and relevant aspects pertaining to national defence have been raised which need to be deliberated upon by the new government on priority.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/85
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 9-20
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/85/93
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Transformation of the Indian Army in the New World Order
Hariz, P.M.
India
National Security
National Defence
The security strategy of a nation is based on harnessing the cumulative strength of its various instruments of national power. These, amongst others, include the economy, diplomacy, information and military. Nations periodically undertake the necessary transformation of their armed forces in order to optimise their potential. “Transformation is a process that shapes the changing nature of military competition and cooperation through a new combination of concepts, capabilities, people, and organisations that exploits the nation's advantage and protects against asymmetric vulnerabilities to sustain the strategic position, which helps underpin peace and stability in the world. Transformation anticipates and creates the future and deals with the co-evolution of concepts, processes, organisation, and technology.” It is, however, important that “military transformation” should simply be understood to mean “profound change” in military affairs.1 It need not imply rapid or across-the-board change, nor the discarding of that which continues to work well. The changes, however, should be dramatic rather than mere improvements on the margins to existing military hardware or processes.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/87
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 44-65
2319-5177
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/87/95
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
Modernisation and Transformation in the Armed Forces
Rawat, Anuraag Singh
India
Indian Army
Modernisation
Technology
Transformation
Armed forces worldwide face an epic challenge in keeping pace with the emerging regional and global threats and the changing battlefield milieu. The global security environment is marked by regional conflicts, asymmetric threats, terrorism, and the rise of fundamentalism, as well as rapid progress in technology. The armed forces of any nation are, thus, constantly trying to evolve, to stay abreast in dealing with the myriad challenges being faced by them. The commonly used parlance for demonstrating the will to meet these challenges is to modernise/transform. However, the terms modernisation and transformation, especially when referring to the armed forces, are often misused, misapplied, and used interchangeably even though they mean different things and have very different connotations.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/88
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 66-76
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/88/96
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2023-06-09T02:28:44Z
5
‘Jointness' in the Armed Forces: An Assessment
Chakravorty, P.K.
India
Armed Forces
Military
Joint Operations
Jointness is a military term, as explained by the Collins Dictionary, which refers to “the cooperation and integration of different branches of the military”. India has the fourth largest military in the world and each operates independently. The cooperation among the three Services is according to the priorities as visualised by each Service, with coordination by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). In April 2017, the three Service Chiefs released the latest Joint Doctrine for the Indian armed forces. It is important to note that the first doctrine was written in 2006 and was a classified version that was not released to the public. The current document has very little depth and would not be able to integrate the various branches of the Indian armed forces. There would be no joint response to a military situation. Currently, there are more than 32 countries with joint Services set-ups.
Centre For Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, India
2019-06-30
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/89
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CLAWS Journal; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): Summer 2019; 77-85
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https://ojs.indrastra.com/index.php/clawsjournal/article/view/89/97
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