The Leuna chemical plant in Eastern Germany was initially developed during the First World War to produce artificial nitrogen for use in explosives. The world’s first production of synthetic fuel from brown coal commenced at Leuna in 1927. From 1933…
This paper aims to answer the primary research question: Is just culture compatible with Defence Forces Leadership Doctrine (DFLD)? Current DFLD provides an organisational framework intended to embed the cultural values, attributes, skills, and…
Throughout the last two decades the primary threats that has dominated the counter terrorism landscape internationally has been that of the challenge posed by radical Islamist related extremism. A particular focus on radical Islamist related…
Josep Borrell, Vice President of the European Commission, set out his fears that the EU was at risk of being “always principled but seldom relevant” (2021, p. 2). International law could be said to be similarly threatened, particularly in relation to…
This paper asks why the National Army Civil War dead are not commemorated in Ireland. Identifying a distinct gap in the literature regarding the Irish Civil War in general and the commemoration of the National Army war dead in particular, the…
The article seeks to reassess certain key decisions by the leadership of the Greek Field Army of Asia Minor (FAAM) in connection with the battle of the Sakarya River (23 August to 14 September 1921), at which the FAAM reached the high water mark of…
History shows us that success on the battlefield is not guaranteed to the side with the higher level of technological advancements. The competitive edge often resides with those who learn how to account for and integrate the required change that…
